G. Farkas, S. Haque, F. Wall, P. S. Martin, A. Poppe, Q. van Voorst Vader, G. Bognár
{"title":"Electric and thermal transient effects in high power optical devices","authors":"G. Farkas, S. Haque, F. Wall, P. S. Martin, A. Poppe, Q. van Voorst Vader, G. Bognár","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291320","url":null,"abstract":"In case of opto-electronic devices the power applied on the device leaves in a parallel heat and light transport. For this reason the interpretation of R/sub th/ is not obvious. By studying electrical and thermal transients in high power LEDs this paper proposes a multi-domain \"compact\" model suitable for correct simulation of single devices as well as LED arrays in a board-level simulation environment. The thermal part of the model has been identified from structure functions extracted from measured thermal transients. Several measurements were carried out in a combined photometric/thermal measurement setup, which is proposed for the characterization of power LEDs. Transient simulation results compared to measured transients are also presented.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122702288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noise and cooling in electronics packages","authors":"R. Lyon, A. Bergles","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291318","url":null,"abstract":"The noise produced by cooling air passing through electronics packages arises from two sources. One source is the noise of the air-moving fan of either an axial or centrifugal type. This noise may have both tonal and random components and is strongly dependent on the way that the fan is placed in the unit and on how close its operation is to the design operating point. Often, this is the dominant noise source. The other source produces random noise due to the turbulent flow of air through the unit. Because the turbulent airflow is also responsible for heat transfer between the components and the air stream, we can regard this part of the noise as the irreducible noise due to cooling. If fan noise were eliminated, this part of the noise must remain. There is a relation, therefore, between the irreducible noise and the cooling of the unit. But the fan noise must also be considered. The relation between total airflow related noise and cooling requirements is developed in this paper for the irreducible noise.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"394 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132332914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New correlations between electrical current and temperature rise in PCB traces","authors":"Johannes Adam Flomerics, Germany johannes. adam","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291337","url":null,"abstract":"The widely used design rule IPC-2221 (=MIL-STD-275) for the 'current carrying capacity' of traces on printed circuit boards is subject of a closer investigation. These historical studies on correlations between electrical current and temperature rise of the trace can be reproduced by numerical heat transfer simulations only if the board has a back 35/spl mu/m copper layer and the thickness of the trace is 35 /spl mu/m. As this makes an. extrapolation to other boards impossible, we will present numerical studies for FR4-based board models with other copper planes and also for ceramic substrates. For a better understanding of the results, 2D heat conduction calculations for traces on boards with constant internal and external conditions are performed. Quantitatively, they can be interpreted as parallel thermal resistances of the trace and the rest of the board, where we treat the board approximately as a heat sink fin. These semi-analytic limits give scaling laws for the thermal resistance of the trace as function of board conductivity, heat exchange coefficient, board thickness and trace width. For the more realistic board models this simplified theory is not powerful enough as the thermal isolation between trace and first copper plane is not included.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130889841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing compact thermal models under non-symmetric trace routing conditions","authors":"J. Galloway, S. Shidore","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291332","url":null,"abstract":"Compact thermal models (CTMs) are used to reduce the size and time required to solve system thermal models while still maintaining a high level of simulation accuracy. Methods for developing and validating CTMs under symmetrical boundary conditions are well understood. However, they do no always accurately predict the thermal solution for nonsymmetrical boundary conditions arising from either developing flow and/or non-uniform trace routing conditions. Presented in this study is a detailed analysis of a super ball grid array (SBGA) and a carrier array ball grid array (CABGA) style packages. Also presented are two-resistor models, symmetric and non-symmetric compact models. Two-resistor models were shown to underestimate the thermal resistance while Delphi style compact models tend to overestimate the thermal resistances for the SBGA and CABGA packages considered in this study. A method of accounting for non-symmetrical printed circuit board (PCB) routing conditions is also presented.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Qi, Mikyoung Lee, M. Osterman, Kyujin Lee, Seyong Oh, T. Schmidt
{"title":"Simulation model development for solder joint reliability for high performance FBGA assemblies","authors":"H. Qi, Mikyoung Lee, M. Osterman, Kyujin Lee, Seyong Oh, T. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291338","url":null,"abstract":"New construction of fine pitch plastic ball grid array (FBGA) has been investigated through experimentation and physics of failure (PoF) analysis based on the reliability point of view. In this study, a three dimensional FEA model was developed to understand the thermomechanical behavior of FBGA under cyclic thermal loading environments. Experimental measurement was also carried out and the package warpage information was recorded by high-resolution digital CCD cameras with a 3-D image correlation method to validate this FEA model. The validated FEA model was used to calculate the inelastic strain of FBGA package that is related to the fatigue life of solder joint.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"106 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123389900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature measurements of semiconductor devices - a review","authors":"D. Blackburn","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291304","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous methods for measuring the temperature of an operating semiconductor device. The methods can be broadly placed into three generic categories: electrical, optical, and physically contacting. The fundamentals underlying each of the categories are discussed, and a review of the variety of techniques within each category is given. Some of the advantages and disadvantages as well as the spatial, time, and temperature resolution are also provided.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115631036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical study of flow mal-distribution on the flow and heat transfer for multi-channel cold-plates","authors":"Ming-Chang Lu, Bing-Chwen Yang, Chi-Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291325","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the flow mal-distribution and nonuniformity of temperature field of a cold-plate. The calculated results indicate the mal-distribution is decreased when the number of channels in the cold-plate is increased. For the present impingement flow arrangement, the mal-distribution increases with the flow rate. The cold-plate with a flow guide plate is introduced to reduce the flow mal-distribution and increase the heat transfer performance.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121399053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure function evaluation of stacked dies","authors":"M. Rencz, V. Székely","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291301","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper simulation experiments demonstrate, that the structure function evaluation of the thermal transient testing is capable to locate die attach failure(s) of stacked die packages. The strength and the location of the die attach failure may be determined with the methodology of a fast thermal transient measurement and the subsequent computer evaluation. The special advantage of the methodology is that normally it does not require any additional circuit elements on any of the dies of the stacked die structure. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the method both for stacked die structures of the same die size, and for pyramidal stacked die packages.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126210475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Zhang, G. Zeng, J. Piprek, A. Bar-Cohen, A. Shakouri
{"title":"Superlattice microrefrigerators flip-chip bonded with optoelectronic devices","authors":"Yan Zhang, G. Zeng, J. Piprek, A. Bar-Cohen, A. Shakouri","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291323","url":null,"abstract":"A 3D electrothermal model was developed to study the InP-based thin film In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As superlattice microrefrigerators for various device sizes, ranging from 40/spl times/40/spl mu/m/sup 2/ to 120/spl times/120/spl mu/m/sup 2/. We discussed maximum cooling and cooling power densities for current devices, analyzed the non-idealities of current devices and proposed an optimized structure. The simulation results demonstrated a maximum cooling of 30/spl deg/C with cooling power density over 300 W/cm/sup 2/ with an optimized structure based on the current device geometry. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that a maximum cooling, over 10/spl deg/C with power density over 900 W/cm/sup 2/, could be possible when the current figure of merit of InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice is enhanced five times with the non-conserved lateral momentum. Besides monolithic integration, we also propose a flip-chip bonded solution to integrate these microrefrigerator with the optoelectronic chips. Preliminary 3D electrothermal simulation will be present to analyze its cooling effects for this 2-chip integration model.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125424309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal optimization of electronic systems using Design of Experiments based on numerical inputs","authors":"T. Stewart, D. W. Stiver","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291315","url":null,"abstract":"Design optimization of realistic electronic systems is often found to be prohibitive in today's marketplace because of time constraints. Techniques, such as one-variable at a time (OFAT), that prove useful for simple designs, often fail for real-world applications. This paper describes a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology used in conjunction with numerical inputs from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program to demonstrate an efficient method of optimization. As an example, the technique is used to optimize multiple aspects of the thermal performance of a next-generation network server. The outcome was that empirical prototype cycles were reduced from four to two and analytical experimentation cycles were dramatically reduced while producing a far more mature and viable cooling solution. Upon completion of the DoE, the only alterations to the design were the few minor adjustments and settings where the analytical models diverged from actual physical performance. These were rapidly finalized with the initial physical prototype, again using DoE techniques, and the final enclosure cooling architecture was completed.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134284583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}