{"title":"Interconnect thermal management of high power packaged electronic architectures","authors":"J. Cook, Y. Joshi, R. Doraiswami","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291298","url":null,"abstract":"The trend in both the computing and electronic industries is to reduce the size of the electronic components while increasing both their performance and capability. Innovative thermal management schemes are needed in order to reduce the impact of the thermal loads. Most of the current electronic components are packaged in a plastic or ceramic container to provide chip and electrical lead protection. Both of these packaging materials have low thermal conductivity, making heat removal from the chip difficult. Thus, heat transfer through the off-chip metal interconnects offers an additional heat removal path. Ball grid array (BGA) interconnects provide an efficient means to connecting packaged high performance chips to printed circuit boards (PCB). As area array bump density increases, reducing Joule heating and electromigration will play an important role in chip and interconnect reliability. Among the many types of interconnects, solder balls offer an efficient means of connecting a chip or package to a PCB. Direct cooling of the solder balls is a new approach to removing heat from packaged chips. Jet impingement presents a unique solution for cooling the solder balls. Thermal and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package has demonstrated a significant decrease in temperature across the chip, package, and solder balls, when using jet impingement cooling.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121718307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of thermal compact models into finite element simulation of printed wiring assemblies","authors":"D. Haller, K. Neumaier, S.H. Khan, K. Grattan","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291334","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a strategy for the integration of boundary condition independent (BCI) thermal compact models in board-level static thermal finite element (FE) analyses of printed wiring assemblies (PWA) is presented. This concept is an integral part of a software development project for automatic investigation of solder joint fatigue of surface mount devices (SMT). The overall automation process comprises data capture for PWA, layout data repair and session control for finite element analysis (FEA). Solder joint fatigue results from then-no-mechanical stresses. For this reason both board- and component-level thermal simulations are needed. Among other component descriptions BCI thermal compact models can be automatically incorporated into FE models replacing detail FE modeling of IC packages. This approach has been investigated in various test examples. A further application of this approach to transient simulations seems to be possible.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133060131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Guo, D. Celo, P. Gunupudi, R. Khazaka, D. Walkey, T. Smy, M. Nakhla
{"title":"The creation of compact thermal models of electronic components using model reduction","authors":"X. Guo, D. Celo, P. Gunupudi, R. Khazaka, D. Walkey, T. Smy, M. Nakhla","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291309","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach to create boundary condition independent thermal compact models based on the multidimensional model reduction (MDMR) technique. A methodology is developed for the generation of a multi dimensional compact model (MDCM) from a detailed numerical model. The MDCM is shown to have a number of advantages over resistor network models. The generation of the model is at least an order of magnitude faster then the creation of an optimized network model. The MDCM displays very high accuracy typically better than 0.1%, is very flexible allowing for the prediction of all internal temperatures, and presents no limitations on the external configuration of the compact model. A generic multi-chip module ball grid array (MCMBGA) package is used to demonstrate the technique. The MDCM created shows to have high predictive capability, boundary condition independence and a small model size. Finally, by connecting the MDCM to a printed circuit board model and simulating the system, speed ups of around 100 times are achieved.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130933563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal management of a medical device using thermoelectric coolers","authors":"Kuang-yu Wang","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291312","url":null,"abstract":"A thermal management system was developed and validated to meet the cooling need of a medical device generating a continuous 60 Watt of heat. Due to the operational and geometric constraints, thermoelectric modules combined with air-to-liquid heat exchanger became the viable solution. Measurements were conducted to validate the design. It was concluded that with proper arrangement, the system actually exceeded the cooling requirement.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132522757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kozodoy, T. Strand, Y. Akulova, G. Fish, C. Schow, P. Koh, Z. Bian, J. Christofferson, A. Shakouri
{"title":"Thermal effects in monolithically integrated tunable laser transmitters","authors":"P. Kozodoy, T. Strand, Y. Akulova, G. Fish, C. Schow, P. Koh, Z. Bian, J. Christofferson, A. Shakouri","doi":"10.1109/TCAPT.2005.859736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAPT.2005.859736","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate thermal effects in widely-tunable laser transmitters based on an integrated single chip design. The chip contains a Sampled-Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector (SG-DBR) laser monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The thermal impedance of the ridge structure is evaluated through simulation and experiment, and thermal crosstalk between sections is examined. Heating of the mirrors by neighboring sections is found to result in unintentional offsets in wavelength tuning. Thermal effects in the electroabsorption modulator are examined in depth. A positive feedback mechanism causes local temperature rise at the modulator input, with the potential to trigger catastrophic thermal runaway. A self-consistent finite-element model is developed to simulate the EAM temperature profile and device performance. This model is used to optimize the device, resulting in integrated EAMs that achieve a dissipated power limit in excess of 300 mW.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125017267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoscale devices for solid state refrigeration and power generation","authors":"A. Shakouri","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291293","url":null,"abstract":"A brief review of various techniques to engineer nanoscale thermal and electrical properties of materials is given. The main emphasis is on various energy conversion mechanisms, particularly, thermo electric refrigeration and power generation. Recent experimental and theoretical results on superlattice and quantum dot thermoelectrics and solid-state and vacuum thermionic thin film devices are reviewed. We also present an overview of the research activities at the multi university Thermionic Energy Conversion Center on the design of solid-state and vacuum devices that could convert heat into electricity with hot side temperatures ranging from 300 to 650C and with high conversion efficiency.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal interaction of an array of flip chip components","authors":"B. Joiner, T. Montes de Oca","doi":"10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STHERM.2004.1291336","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal interactions for an array of FC-CBGA components were examined with both simulation and measurement. The effective thermal resistance of the component can easily double depending on the density of the surrounding components. The increase in thermal resistance is significantly greater than has been reported by other recent studies using leaded components.","PeriodicalId":409730,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37545)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}