St. Tikhons' University Review最新文献

{"title":"The problem of relations with common people in the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society (late 19th — early 20th centuries)","authors":"A. Polunov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.52-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.52-65","url":null,"abstract":"The activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS), founded in 1882, reflected important trends in the socio-political and ideological development of Russia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Created mostly on order to strengthen the political influence of Russia in the Holy Land, and to assist the pilgrims arriving there, the IOPS, from the point of view of its founders, had another extremely important task – to develop the contacts between the power structures and the conservative upper classes of society with the masses of the common people. Seeking to reach this goal, the IOPS launched the extensive publishing activities, established its local departments in the dioceses and organized there the so-called popular readings dedicated to the Holy Land. In the course of these activities, a number of problems emerged related to the question of the ways and mechanisms of interaction between an educated society and the masses. It was necessary to realize what subjects and forms of presentation of the material would attract the people to the greatest extent, what forms of communication should be used, how much the consciousness of the intelligentsia differs from the system of ideas of the social lower classes. The solution of these issues was supposed to help strengthen the religious foundations of people's self-consciousness in the period of growing socio-political turbulence. The conservative leaders of IOPS also believed that developing of the above-mentioned activities would give them the opportunity to comprehend the peculiarities of the common people’s worldview. The beginning of the revolution in 1905, the development of secularization tendencies and the aggravation of social contradictions did not allow the IOPS to fulfill the intended program. However, its activities became an important page in the history of Russia in the pre-revolutionary period.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The knight’s fall: personification of Pride in Southern French hagiography and iconography of the 11th — early 12th centuries","authors":"Vera Yarnykh","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.11-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.11-23","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the dismounted knight as the personification of Pride in the context of Southern French art and hagiography of the 11th–12th centuries. This motif is based on the Psychomachia, the Late Antique allegorical poem by a 4th-century Christian poet Prudentius that visualizes a series of combats between Virtues and Vice. The key point in the sequence is the battle between Humility and mounted Pride culminating in the fall of the latter into the pit. The metaphor of Pride brought low literally visualized as the fall of a proud she-warrior from her steed resonates in the literature of the 11th–12th century. In the society where the image of an armed horseman is strongly associated with a member of the secular elite, the classical motif acquires a new social dimension. The Southern French hagiography of the 11th – early 12th century adapts it to the stories of punishment and derision of violent knights. Since the late 11th century allegorical figures of Virtues and Vices pass from the manuscript pages of illuminated treatises to the sculpted and painted decor of Romanesque churches. The Prudentius’ armed and armored she-warriors grow progressively abstract in this novel visual space. Following this development, Pride is the only vice to show little change in the way it is visualized. Within the iconographic programs of some church spaces mostly oriented towards constructing a social model using hagiographical topoi, Pride comes to be the only vice to keep her military attributes. Still personified as the dismounted cavalier, Pride becomes part of the universal eschatological perspective of the Last Judgment within the carved portal of the basilica of Sainte-Foy de Conques. The image has a local parallel in the episode of a knight’s fatal fall in the 11th century Book of Miracles of Saint Foy, with recent events remodeled on the episode of Prudentius’ learned poem. Thus, the image of a dismounted knight comes to stay in the visual allegory of the Middle Ages as an articulation of the aristocratic vice, one of the military elite. Starting as a mere episode in the allegorical combat of Virtues and Vices, the motif of Pride’s fall is shown to crystallize into a self-sufficient iconographic formula and literary topos.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An attempt to reconstruct the Stalingrad diocese in 1947","authors":"G. Bartenev","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.101-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.101-117","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the attempt to reconstruct the Stalingrad diocese in 1947, by tearing it away from the Astrakhan and Stalingrad diocese. This action, which was generally useful for the Church and promised better management of the Volga dioceses, had completely opposite goals and was disguised as church unrest among the laity of Stalingrad, since it was carried out under the control of the authorized Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Stalingrad region S.B. Kositsyn and involved the appointment of a former renovationist to the Stalingrad cathedra - priest Nikolai Potapov. The purpose of this attempt was to obtain the maximum possible control over the new diocese, authorized by the Council. The study of this problem was carried out on the basis of the investigation file of Archpriest Potapov, archival documents of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church for 1944-1947. (GA RF), as well as their comparative analysis with the documents of the authorized Council for the Stalingrad region from the archive of the Volgograd region (GA VO). The article shows the chronology of development and the reasons for the emergence of church turmoil, as well as its participants and the degree of their involvement in the events. The role of the bishop in the healing of church disorders that arose as a result of the provocative actions of workers of the Soviet authorities in relation to the Russian Orthodox Church is reflected.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gross-Hessen diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in the time of archbishop Filofei (Narko), 1946–1949","authors":"Aleksandr Kornilov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.118-130","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the creation and development of the Gross-Hessen Diocese of Vicar of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCOR) in the years of 1946-1949. It is noted that at the end of the 2nd World War on the territory of Western zones of occupation in Germany, thousands of Orthodox refugees were in need of pastoral and spiritual care and guidance. Synod of ROCOR decided to form a set of vicar’s dioceses, so that in the region of Gross-Hessen, the one was established and was headed by the bishop of the Belarusian Autonomous Orthodox Church by Archbishop Philofei (Narko). Contrary to financial and other social difficulties, the Vicar managed to organize regular liturgical life and largely unite different Orthodox parishes of the Displaced Persons. Some organizational decisions made by Archbishop Philofei are analyzed. In particular, the decision was made to hold regular meetings of the clergy, to form an advisory body under the Vicar Bishop (Vicarian Council in Wiesbaden). The Archbishop organized with success distribution of food assistance to parishes of his diocese in the economically difficult 1949.Based on original documents preserved in the Archives of the German Diocese of the ROCOR, the author provides statistics on the number of parishes, specific names of the clergy who developed parishes in Wiesbaden, where the residence and the Cathedral of Vicar was established, in Darmstadt, Frankfurt, Menhegoff, Furstenwald, Gudensberg and in other places were discovered. The problems that prevented a successful development of the liturgical and out-service life of the Vicar’s diocese are studied, namely: lack of clergy after mass departure of priests and parishioners from Germany to countries of the Western Hemisphere in 1947-1949; conflict over activities of the Orthodox Missionary Group of Hessen-Nassau; problem of the development of Belarusian parishes due to desire of part of the Belarusian political emigration to strengthen the autocephalous movement. Comparative analysis of the activities of the Vicar’s bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church, activities of the North German Bishop Afanasy (Martos) and the Grossen-Hessen’s Archbishop Philofei (Narko) is carried out.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little-known facts of biography of archbishop Ermogen (Golubev) in the late 1940s","authors":"Dmitriy Pavlov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.131-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.131-141","url":null,"abstract":"Archbishop Hermogenes (Golubev) is one of the most prominent hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church of the second half of the twentieth century. His figure has already attracted the attention of researchers. However, there are still gaps in his biography, one of which is the question of how he came to serve in Central Asia — a place where he was particularly noted in the struggle for the Church during the Khrushchev persecution. The proposed article is intended to fill this gap. It examines the period of service of Archimandrite Hermogenes (Golubev), during which he was moved from the Intercession Cathedral of Astrakhan to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and further to Samarkand. New sources are introduced into scientific circulation — letters from Archimandrite Hermogenes to his cellarer, Agafya Vasilevna Krasulina, thanks to which the circumstances of these relocations are revealed. The motives of the participation of Archbishop Philip (Stavitsky) of Astrakhan and Stalingrad, as well as Patriarch Alexy (Simansky) in these events are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parish clergy as an object of false denunciation by parishioners. A sketch of everyday life of Kazan diocese of the second half of the 19th century","authors":"Alexander Khokhlov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.41-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.41-51","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to highlight such a little-studied, but important and interesting phenomenon of the daily parish life of the late synodal period as the discrediting of the clergy by parishioners. The relations between pastors and the flock in the designated period went far beyond the limits of liturgical practice and had their own specific psychological, cultural, social and economic refraction. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the clergy were an integral, but not always an organic part of the socio-cultural space of the parish, occupying a separate position in it due to a special legal and spiritual status. Meanwhile, the integration that took place had visible side effects, predetermining the rigid and multifaceted dependence of the clergy on the flock. Their relationship was in a permanent search for a balance between different centers of power, needs and interests. This often resulted in a sharp dissonance, which turned into slanders, false denunciations of priests, deacons and acolytes, prompting the diocesan authorities to initiate inquiries and investigations. The very fact of the presence of such a phenomenon in parish life not only speaks about the specifics of the ethical background of rural society, but also the extremely vulnerable position of the clergy. Archival files deposited in the fund of the Kazan Spiritual Consistory and stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan reveal a tragic picture of cases of confrontation between clergy and flock, indicating the dominance of illegal approaches of peasants in resolving conflicts that have arisen. For the completeness of its reflection, the article uses the method of a rich description, and attention is purposefully paid to the smallest details of each of the cases involved. The sources involved in the publication are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Correct network...”: Trans-Baikal department of the Elizavetinsky committee during World War I as a regional model of interaction between the state and society in the field of charity","authors":"Elena Sevostyanova","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.79-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.79-100","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of archive materials, the author analyzes the activity of the Trans-Baikal branch of the Committee of Her Imperial Majesty Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna on providing charitable aid to the families of persons called up for military service (ZOKEF). In the article, organizational, financial and human resources are identified, as well as the main types of the aid. The author tries to analyze the role of the military Governor, the regional elite, and various social and professional groups. When the organizing the ZOKEF they found an option that didn’t infringe the independence of other charitable associations of the region. In 1915 they established a network of eight County commissions of SOKEF, which opened more than 155 units. A study of the dynamics of ZOKEF activity showed that since the spring of 1915, the main activity was provision of agricultural aid: hiring the extra labor force, the supply of agricultural machinery. This aid united the agronomic service, trusteeship agencies, and cooperatives under the leadership of ZOKEF. An important area of the work was to support those associations that were engaged in the childcare. The author identified behavioral strategies of the participants of ZOKEF.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moscow printed Gospels of the 17th century in Russian society: history, tradition and special features of their use as evidenced by the corpus of marginalia","authors":"Maxim Borisov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.24-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.24-40","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the study of the history and tradition of the existence of the Moscow printed Gospel of the 17th century. During this century, the Moscow Printing Yard issued 22 editions of the Gospel-Tetr, which was intended both for liturgy and for home reading. The sources for the study were old printed books, both studied de visu and with the help of appropriate catalogs. On the basis of archival documents, the circulations of most editions of the Gospel were restored, and their approximate number of publications published over the 17th century was also calculated. A comprehensive study of the records on the Gospels shows that this book was distributed among all segments of the population and actively existed for several centuries. The social composition of the persons mentioned in the marginalia was also reconstructed. He helped to establish the most common categories of the population, and as a result, the environment where the printed Gospel was most common. The specificity of its existence lies in the actual perception of the book as an object of material value for investment or resale. For obvious reasons, most often the Gospel could be found (thanks to the owner's records) in spiritual institutions, where it was used for its intended purpose. At the same time, the book was relatively poorly written; rare notes illustrating intellectual work with the text allow us to assert that the printed Gospel of the 17th century read little. Only at a later time is an increase in the number of readers recorded.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"9 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social make-up of Vladimir branch of Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society in the pre-revolutionary period","authors":"Igor Kuznetsov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023115.66-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023115.66-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the social composition of the Vladimir branch of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society in the pre-revolutionary period. On the basis of published reports on the activities of the organization, the dynamics of changes in the number of its members was traced. The analysis showed that the number of members in the Vladimir branch of the Palestinian Society was close to the average for all reginal departments of the Society. The trends, revealed in the changes of the quantitative composition of the Vladimir department were similar to the other departments: rapid growth in the first three years has been followed by a steady decline since 1905.The study identifies the reasons for the decline in the number of members of the organization in the studied region. Attention is drawn to the fact that one of the reasons could be the death of Archbishop Sergius, who headed the Vladimir branch of the Palestinian Society since its creation, which led to the collapse of the system of personal ties that played a major role in attracting new members.Based on the collected data on the social status of the members of the Vladimir branch of the Palestinian Society, the social composition of the organization was analyzed, the representation of various social groups was revealed. The specifics of the social composition was determined by the fact that the Society was associated with religious activity, and those who were more closely connected with the Church, joined he Society first of all. Those groups were the clergy and merchants, whose representatives were often church wardens and actively participated in church charity. The other social groups are significantly less represented. Secular members made up the majority in the Vladimir branch of the Palestinian Society, but the percentage of the clergy gradually grew.It is noted that high membership fees and the selective invitation of new members determined the elite nature of the society. This, on the one hand, ensured a high status of membership, but, on the other hand, limited the possibilities of organizing the work of the society.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ministry of women surrounding Christ and the apostles","authors":"Andrey Posternak","doi":"10.15382/sturi2023110.11-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023110.11-32","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ministry of women surrounding the Savior and the apostles, who did not change their general status, which developed in the Greco-Roman world, although the Gospel opened the way of salvation to humanity in its entirety, equaling women and men. Near Christ women go beyond the prescribed social roles or find new opportunities for their activities. Christ excluded them from the number of the apostles, although they were faithful listeners of His words and took part in the Gospel events. According to the evangelists, when women had devoted their life to «the ministry», they arranged the eve-ryday life of the Savior and the apostles or provided them with material support if they had sufficient means. However, for Christ, this activity was less significant than the state of the soul, therefore, the example of the spiritual and external arrangement of the life of the sis-ters Martha and Mary will form the «main» direction of the development of women’s activity in the Early Church. From the very beginning of this process, the key factor will be the formation of households of God as a model of the original Church structure, which took place with the active participation of women. Some women, such as Junia, could preach in private homes and perform individual catechesis of women and even men, but there was no question of publicity and further institutionalization of such empowerments. For St. Paul, the ministry of women was significant to the extent that it contributed to the spread of the Gospel. Perhaps many of the named women in the New Testament made their life choices at an advanced age. And in such a context, the concept of «servant/deaconess» applies not only to Phoebe, but also to all other women who, from the apostle’s point of view, performed the same service: after the myrrh-bearing women, they were new recipients of the testimony of the resurrection expressed in the «works» and defining the Church as both Holy and Apostolic.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}