Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"High-strength and debondable UV-curable adhesive based on dual-dynamic network","authors":"Kunpeng Zheng,&nbsp;Juntao Wang,&nbsp;Junyi Chen,&nbsp;Jingye Hao,&nbsp;Zetong Liu,&nbsp;Suli Xing,&nbsp;Jinshui Yang,&nbsp;Dingding Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temporary fixation of precision devices during manufacturing demands adhesives capable of high efficiency and controlled debonding, while existing thermosetting adhesives face challenges in on-demand debonding due to irreversible covalent crosslinking. To address this dilemma, UV-curable polyurethane acrylate adhesive (DSPUA) integrating dual-dynamic networks of hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds was developed. This synergy between dynamic networks effectively resolved the trade-off between adhesive strength and on-demand debonding capability. The dual-dynamic network provided strong and tough adhesive strength (5.88 MPa and 8.99 kN/m), surpasing that of existing UV-curable adhesives featuring controlled debonding. The disulfide bonds enabled rapid debonding at medium temperatures (complete detachment within 4 min at 90 °C). In addition, the DSPUA-2 adhesive also experienced a significant reduction in adhesive strength when exposed to ultraviolet light or in the presence of chemical reducing agents. This work paves the way for the design of high-performance and debondable adhesives, with significant implications for temporary fixation of precision components and material recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111665"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraordinary roles of waste aluminum sludge in enhancing flame retardancy, smoke suppression and electric insulation of intumescent flame-retardant coating for reliable cable tapes","authors":"Chenggong Yuan ,&nbsp;Shang Li ,&nbsp;Hongfei Zou ,&nbsp;Baokun Lu ,&nbsp;Cancan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kongjian Chen ,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the flame retardancy of cable tape coatings while maintaining low electrical conductivity during fire incidents remains a significant challenge. In this study, we address this issue by incorporating waste aluminum sludge (AS) into an intumescent flame retardant (IFR)/vinyl acetate–ethylene (VAE) coatings, thus optimizing the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and electrical insulation of fiberglass tapes. AS, composed of boehmite and bayerite phases with a sheet-like structure, interacts chemically with IFR/VAE during combustion, yielding thermally stable minerals (Al(PO₃)₃ and AlPO₄). Concurrently, its layered morphology promotes the formation of a compact and well-ordered carbonaceous char. The resulting hybrid mineral/carbon char acts as a robust physical barrier, effectively impeding heat and mass transfer, while disrupting the conductive carbon network. This dual mechanism leads to a remarkable enhancement in fire safety and electrical insulation performance, including: a 77.2 % reduction in peak heat release rate, a 29.0 % decrease in total heat release, a 58.5 % suppression in total smoke production, a 759.2 % increase in surface resistivity, a 45.7 % improvement in tensile strength, and a 2.4 % rise in limiting oxygen index. This work not only presents a sustainable strategy for upcycling industrial waste into high-performance flame retardants but also elucidates the mechanistic role of aluminum oxides/hydroxides in modifying the combustion behavior of IFR systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111659"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSA insights into different metallocenic isotactic and syndiotactic propylene/α-olefin copolymers and their structural changes due to gamma irradiation","authors":"C.J. Pérez ,&nbsp;Angel J. Satti","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Successive Self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA) technique was used to investigate the morphological structure of isotactic and syndiotactic metallocene-catalyzed polypropylene (iPP and sPP) and their random copolymers with α-olefins (1-hexene and 1-octadecene). This study explores how tacticity, comonomer incorporation, and side chain length affect lamellar formation and crystalline fraction distribution. SSA allowed a detailed deconvolution of lamellar populations, revealing that iPP favors longer ordered sequences and thicker lamellae, whereas sPP exhibits lower crystallinity and thinner lamellae due to its distinct stereoregularity. Copolymers with similar comonomer contents showed comparable SSA profiles, yet those with longer side chain branches presented reduced crystalline fractions in thicker lamellae, indicating a clear influence of short chain branching on the crystallization process. Even low crystallinity copolymers demonstrated measurable lamellae formation at shorter crystallizable sequence lengths. Additionally, SSA proved effective in detecting morphological changes induced by gamma irradiation, revealing that chain scission, branching, and crosslinking alter the distribution of crystallizable sequences—effects that conventional DSC could not resolve. Overall, SSA demonstrates high sensitivity for distinguishing subtle structural variations in metallocenic PP and its copolymers, providing valuable insights into the relationship between molecular structure, crystallinity, and processing modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111658"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High strength and mildly closed-loop recoverable epoxy vitrimer with dual reversible dynamic bonds","authors":"Xingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xuanyue Hong ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Jujun Ruan ,&nbsp;Shaojian He","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the primary limitation hindering the sustainable application of epoxy (EP) vitrimers lies in the inherent trade-off among high mechanical performance, efficient recovery capability and mild recycling conditions. To address this challenge, we designed an EP polymer that leverages the high rigidity of imine bonds and the rapid bond exchange of boronic ester linkages, simultaneously achieving high mechanical performance, efficient recovery capability, and mild-condition recyclability. The resulting material exhibits a high mechanical strength of 78.6 MPa, excellent recovery efficiency (&gt;90 % after two cycles of crushing and then hot-pressing at 130 °C), and mild solvent-assisted closed-loop recycling. Furthermore, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) fabricated with this EP vitrimer demonstrated complete degradation in (solvent) within 30 min at 50 °C. The reclaimed carbon fibers (CF) retained pristine surface morphology and preserved 96 % of their original mechanical properties, enabling highly efficient and non-destructive recovery. These findings highlight the potential of this EP vitrimer system, offering a promising strategy for the sustainable development of polymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111657"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aprotic polyether-induced decrease in the molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate provides insights into the mechanism of action of chain-transfer agents","authors":"Seiya Tanaka ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kikukawa ,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Nakai ,&nbsp;Shuzo Arai ,&nbsp;Ayaka Kajikawa ,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Hachisuka ,&nbsp;Ken’ichiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some alcohols, such as diethylene glycol (DEG), bound to the polymer chain ends during polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis, are called chain-transfer (CT) agents. Moreover, the presence of CT agents in PHA biosynthesis decreases molecular weight of PHA. This study investigated whether the aprotic polyethers, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGDM) and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TGDM), which are structurally similar to DEG, can decrease the molecular weight of PHA. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was synthesized using engineered <em>Escherichia coli</em> expressing PHA synthase PhaC_AR (class I) or PhaC1_PsSTQK (class II) and a monomer-supplying enzyme grown on medium containing 3HB, and DEG, DGDM, or TGDM. DGDM and TGDM decreased the molecular weight of P(3HB) synthesized using PhaC_AR. The aprotic polyethers were not detected from the polymers, indicating that they did not act as CT agents. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the addition of the aprotic polyethers and DEG did not alter PhaC_AR expression. Moreover, the <em>in vitro</em> assay exhibited no apparent effect of PhaC_AR on polymerization activity. However, the decrease in the molecular weight by aprotic polyethers was not observed for PhaC1_PsSTQK, indicating that the effect of aprotic polyethers depends on PhaC class. In conclusion, although the aprotic polyethers decrease the molecular weight of PHA, further studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms different from typical CT reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111656"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A durable flame retardant system of phosphate with hydroxyl groups and cross-linking agent for cotton fabrics","authors":"Tian Li,&nbsp;Hejun Li,&nbsp;Jieyu Wei,&nbsp;Guangming Sun,&nbsp;Fayu Sun,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Yonghua Lu,&nbsp;Guangxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton fabrics are highly flammable and cause serious fire hazards. To mitigate fire hazards, the flame retardant DPTE was synthesized from diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphoric acid and triethanolamine. DPTE grafted onto cotton fabrics via a novel cross-linking agent DPGE and imparted cotton fabrics with exceptional flame retardancy and high durability. The treated fabrics (FRC30) achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 37.7 % and showed only 50.0 mm of damage length. Peak heat release rate of FRC30 decreased by 61.53 % to control cotton fabrics (CCF). After 50 intense laundering cycles, the FRC30 still had a LOI of 29.7 % and passed VFT easily. The treated cotton fabric exhibits excellent stability, due to the efficient esterification reaction between compounds containing polyphosphate groups and polyols, as well as the stable C–O–C covalent bonds. Thermogravimetric-Fourier Transform Infrared (TG-FTIR) spectroscopy showed that decomposition of FRC30 started earlier, and the volatile combustible gases were drastically reduced. After VFT burning, the char residue of FRC retained the intact structure of cotton fabric, confirming the condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. Moreover, the tensile strength (weft) increased by 20.10 % and the air permeability increased by 78.31 % due to the grafting of the cross-linking agent. Using dicyandiamide to promote efficient esterification between compounds containing phosphate groups and polyols, and grafting the resulting esters onto cellulose via C–O–C covalent bonds through a crosslinking agent, was an effective technique to get durable, formaldehyde-free flame-retardant cotton fabrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111655"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of Ni(III) species in MOSw@PDA@NiOOH for effective smoke suppression and flame retardancy in flexible polyvinyl chloride composites","authors":"Xiaoyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Bao ,&nbsp;Wenqing Ge ,&nbsp;Zhihui Lv ,&nbsp;Li Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the critical challenges of high smoke toxicity and flammability in flexible polyvinyl chloride (fPVC), this study developed a core-shell flame retardant (MOSw@PDA@NiOOH) via polydopamine (PDA) interfacial engineering and in-situ NiOOH deposition on magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (MOSw). SEM, TEM, and EDS confirm the hierarchical interface structure with Ni(III)-based NiOOH nanoparticles uniformly anchored on MOSw surfaces. Cone calorimetry tests show a 35.38 % reduction in peak smoke production rate and a 75.88 % decrease in total smoke production, respectively, for fPVC/MOSw@PDA@NiOOH compared to fPVC/MOSw composite, along with a UL-94 V-0 rating and 28.8 % limiting oxygen index. Raman, TGA, and XPS analyses reveal that: i) the strong Lewis acidity of Ni(III) facilitates chloride elimination from PVC, leading to the formation of conjugated polyene structures; ii) the powerful oxidizing capability of Ni(III) directly oxidizes unsaturated carbons such as C<img>C, generating carbocations that subsequently promote aromatization and cross-linking reactions; iii) Ni(III) induces complete decomposition of MOSw into MgO, ultimately forming a dense carbonaceous residue layer composed of graphitic carbon, MgO, NiO, and MgCl₂. Py-GC/MS and TGA-FTIR analyses further demonstrate that the strong oxidative capacity of Ni(III) also promotes deep cleavage and oxidation of aromatic/aliphatic intermediates, which significantly reduces the accumulation of smoke precursors. Moreover, both the Ni(III) and its reduced Ni(II) possess partially filled 3d orbitals capable of scavenging gas-phase radicals (e.g., H· and HO·), thereby interrupting combustion chain reactions and imparting flame-retardant efficacy. Additionally, PDA’s amino/hydroxyl groups strengthen the MOSw-PVC interface via hydrogen bonding, increasing tensile modulus (20.9 MPa) and strength (17.8 MPa) while maintaining impact strength (83.9 kJ/m²). This work establishes a multifunctional design strategy that simultaneously achieves flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical reinforcement in fPVC composites through synergistic interfacial and catalytic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111645"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure mechanism analysis for AMPS-family polymers in high-salinity hydrothermal environments","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Anguo Xu ,&nbsp;Hongzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwei Han ,&nbsp;Fenglin Xu ,&nbsp;Xudong Mei ,&nbsp;Chaoming Li ,&nbsp;Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers derived from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are extensively employed as chemical additives in oil and gas drilling operations. However, as drilling increasingly targets deep and ultra-deep reservoirs, AMPS-family polymers also undergo functional degradation as the extreme downhole conditions of high salinity (up to saturation), high pressure (45–150 MPa), and high temperature (150–250 °C). This review is the first to focus on the special topic, i.e., failure mechanism of AMPS-family polymers in high-salinity hydrothermal environments. More than ten chemical groups have been identified from 36 monomers that are commonly used for synthesizing AMPS-family polymers. Their polymer functions, degradation mechanisms and improvement methods are discussed in details combining with the physicochemical properties of high-salinity subcritical water. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is identified as the predominant degradation mechanism. The hydrothermal stability of functional groups follows the order: benzene &gt; organosilicon &gt; quaternary ammonium &gt; sulfonic acid &gt; heterocycle &gt; amide &gt; carboxylic acid &gt; ether &gt; alcohol &gt; ester. Key strategies for enhancing stability include controlling drilling mud pH and increasing polymer steric hindrance. Future fundamental research is recommended to focus on inorganic salt behavior in complex subcritical water systems, hydrothermal reaction pathways of relevant monomers and polymers, and the development of next-generation polymers incorporating novel functional groups. Information provided by this review can promote a better understanding of polymer behaviors in high-salinity hydrothermal environments, a guideline for selecting suitable monomers, and recommendations for new polymer development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111642"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From frameworks to firewalls: metal-organic frameworks as smart additives for flame-retardant polymers","authors":"Randy Ncube,&nbsp;Maryam Ghodrat,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Escobedo-Diaz","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for polymeric materials that can be ‘safe’ during fire and combustion scenarios has led to a drive in the investigation of advanced flame-retardant systems that are both effective and environmentally friendly. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a group of porous crystalline materials made up of metal centres (nodes) and organic linkers, have, in this case, shown great promise as multifunctional additives. This review investigates the role of MOFs in improving thermal and mechanical stability, catalytic properties, and flame retardancy of various polymer matrices. Different metal classes have shown to possess different properties that help in the improvement of polymeric materials’ flame retardance properties. Both transition metals (TM) and rare earth (RE) metals have been employed in MOFs, and studies show that TM exhibit higher thermal stability, thereby helping to prevent polymer degradation, whereas RE metals improve char formation and smoke suppression. Emphasis is also placed on the synergistic influence of metal selection, synthesis and the mechanisms by which MOFs increase Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values and improve Underwriters Laboratories (UL 94) tests, reducing heat release and material degradation during combustion. Through critically analyzing recent experimental findings and promising trends, this work highlights MOFs as leading additives in the creation of high-performance flame-retardant (FR) polymer composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111643"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of bio-based linear polyurethanes derived from divanillin","authors":"Yoshihiro Minegishi,&nbsp;Tadahisa Iwata,&nbsp;Yukiko Enomoto","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of bio-based polymers with superior thermal and mechanical properties is essential for creating sustainable high-performance plastics. The synthesis of linear aromatic bio-based polyurethanes (PUs) with high thermal resistance, rigidity, and processability remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of bio-based linear aromatic PUs from divanillin (DV)-derived diols and various diisocyanates. DV-based PUs (DVPUs) with different side-chain length (methyl or butyl) had weight-average molecular weights (<em>M</em>_w) ranging from 5.0 × 10³ to 6.3 × 10⁵. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) found 5% decomposition temperatures (<em>T</em>_{d, 5%}) of DVPUs ranging from 242 to 310 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that DVPUs exhibited a glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_g) of 16–167 °C. Notably, a specific DVPU prepared from DVA with methyl side-chains and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) formed a transparent, self-standing film with a tensile strength of 68 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 1.4 GPa. This linear bio-based PUs have achieved high thermal stability, mechanical strength, and optical clarity. This research presents a new molecular design strategy for developing sustainable, heat-resistant aromatic polymers, significantly expanding the potential of bio-based PUs for high-performance bio-plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111646"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}