Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献_第6页

Phosphorus/boron-containing, flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers with great mechanical, shape-memory, and recycling performances 含磷/硼的阻燃聚氨酯弹性体，具有出色的机械、形状记忆和回收性能

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111047

Tiantian Zhang , Siqi Huo , Guofeng Ye , Cheng Wang , Qi Zhang , Yijiao Xue , Pingan Song , Hao Wang , Zhitian Liu

{"title":"Phosphorus/boron-containing, flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers with great mechanical, shape-memory, and recycling performances","authors":"Tiantian Zhang , Siqi Huo , Guofeng Ye , Cheng Wang , Qi Zhang , Yijiao Xue , Pingan Song , Hao Wang , Zhitian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on sustainable development strategy and practical application requirement, it is crucial to develop high-strength, recyclable, and flame-retardant polyurethane (PU) elastomers. Hence, a flame-retardant, reprocessable, high-performance polyurethane elastomer (PU-DP 1–7) with dynamic boronic ester bonds and phosphorus-containing groups was well-designed and prepared. The chemical structure of PU-DP 1–7 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PU-DP 1–7 shows a transmittance of about 60 % at the wavelength of 900 nm, and phosphorus and boron elements are evenly distributed within its surface, confirming the formation of uniform cross-linking network. The inclusion of phosphorus-and boron-containing groups endows PU-DP 1–7 with a vertical combustion (UL-94) V-0 rating, indicative of desired flame retardancy. In addition, PU-DP 1–7 exhibits a tensile strength of 42.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 616.9 %, with high adhesion strengths towards various substrates due to abundant hydrogen bonds within its network. Furthermore, the dynamic borate ester bonds endow PU-DP 1–7 with superior physical recycling and shape-memory properties. After hot-pressing at 130 °C, the reformed PU-DP 1–7 film shows an 83.6 % recovery efficiency in terms of elongation at break. This work presents an integrated strategy to create flame-retardant, recyclable polyurethane elastomers with great mechanical and shape-memory performances by introducing phosphorus-containing segments and dynamic boronic ester bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111047"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of the thermomechanical and aging behaviour of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites under long-term high-temperatures PAEK 和 CF/PAEK 复合材料在长期高温条件下的热力学和老化行为表征

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111043

Hong-Ru Yang , Dong-Ting Gao , Gang Liu , Chun-Hai Chen , Jia-Nan Yao

{"title":"Characterization of the thermomechanical and aging behaviour of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites under long-term high-temperatures","authors":"Hong-Ru Yang , Dong-Ting Gao , Gang Liu , Chun-Hai Chen , Jia-Nan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing use of poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) polymers reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) aims to meet the increasing demand for thermoplastic composites in applications that require excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites under long-term high-temperature exposure (150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C) for durations of 15, 30, and 45 days, aiming to elucidate the durability mechanisms and enhance understanding of their performance. Specifically, the changes in the flexural properties and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the materials were evaluated after long-term high-temperature treatment. The results indicated that both PAEK and CF/PAEK composites possess substantial potential for long-term high-temperature applications, with CF not significantly altering the fundamental high-temperature response of the PAEK matrix. Regarding durability mechanisms, at 150 °C, PAEK's amorphous region undergoes chain reorientation, while temperatures of 200 °C and 250 °C induce significant secondary crystallization, which significantly improved the high-temperature mechanical properties of these materials. Additionally, at temperatures up to 250 °C, shorter linear chain fragments form through oxidative scission in PAEK's amorphous molecular chains. This work not only enriches the existing data on the properties of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites after long-term high-temperature treatment, but also provides further insights into their durability mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Embrittlement induced by oxidation in polyethylene: Role of initial bimodality 聚乙烯氧化引起的脆化：初始双模性的作用

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111025

R. Laot , P.-Y. Le Gac , M. Le Gall , M. Broudin , C. Ovalle , L. Laiarinandrasana

引用次数: 0

Catalyst-free sustainable epoxy vitrimers with fire safety offered by phosphorus-containing compounds 不含催化剂的可持续环氧玻璃rimers，含磷化合物提供防火安全性

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111042

Fubin Luo, Shuguang Yang, Xueyan Yang, Yixin Feng, Bili Lin, Yingbing Zou, Hongzhou Li

{"title":"Catalyst-free sustainable epoxy vitrimers with fire safety offered by phosphorus-containing compounds","authors":"Fubin Luo, Shuguang Yang, Xueyan Yang, Yixin Feng, Bili Lin, Yingbing Zou, Hongzhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we designed and incorporated a phosphorus-rich compound, DPT, which possesses inherent catalytic properties, into a typically sustainable epoxy vitrimer. This innovative strategy enables the fabrication of flame retarded epoxy vitrimers that require no additional catalysts. DPT was synthesized through a reaction between triethanolamine (TEA) and dibenzyl chlorophosphonate (DPCP). The successful synthesis of DPT is attested to by FTIR and NMR analyses. DPT effectively accelerated the curing process of the epoxy vitrimers, yielding materials with exceptional mechanical strength and inherent self-healing abilities. Notably, the pHRR of epoxy vitrimer incorporated with DPT is reduced to 296.3 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, showing a remarkable 54% reduction compared to that of the epoxy vitrimer catalyzed by conventional catalysts. The THR is also decreased from 84.3 to 42.4 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>. Comprehensive analyses using cone calorimetry and TG-FTIR revealed that DPT effectively inhibits the emission of toxic gases. Crucially, the presence of DPT in the epoxy matrix facilitated the formation of a dense and stable phosphorus-laden carbon layer, which not only enhanced flame retardancy but also imparted exceptional smoke suppression capabilities. These findings underscore the potential of DPT for developing high-performance, catalyst-free, flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111042"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One- and two-step synthesis of paramylon mixed ester derivatives and the substitution effect on mechanical properties and seawater biodegradability 巴龙混合酯衍生物的一步法和两步法合成及其对机械性能和海水生物降解性的影响

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111037

Ruiqi Li, Jin Ho Seok, Tadahisa Iwata

{"title":"One- and two-step synthesis of paramylon mixed ester derivatives and the substitution effect on mechanical properties and seawater biodegradability","authors":"Ruiqi Li, Jin Ho Seok, Tadahisa Iwata","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paramylon acetate hexanoate (PaAcHex) with total DS=1.7 was prepared by one- and two-step methods with acetylation and hexanoylation in different order (denoted as AcHex and HexAc) in homogeneous DMAc/LiCl. The distribution of substitution at various ring carbon atoms (C2, C4, and C6) of PaAcHex synthesized by different methods was determined by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The AcHex mixed esters showed a higher DS of long-chain Hex on C2 and C4 than the other samples. All mixed esters were amorphous and their glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) were obtained from DMA measurements. PaAcHex with higher DS of hexanoate groups had lower <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> and their melt films showed higher flexibility at the same total DS for all three series of samples. PaAcHex films produced by the two-step (AcHex) method exhibited high toughness even with a low DS of hexanoate groups, whereas those synthesized by the one-step and two-step (HexAc) methods were weak and brittle. Biochemical oxygen demand tests indicated that the mixed esters prepared by the two-step (AcHex) method underwent a two-step degradation process, which may be related to the hexanoate groups on C2 and C4. Short–long chain acylation by the two-step (AcHex) method was found to be the optimal synthesis technique for polysaccharide esters that displayed favorable thermoplasticity and controllable seawater biodegradation behavior. These polysaccharide esters show promise as bioplastic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly efficient flame retardancy and fire spread behavior of rigid polyurethane foams with extremely low content of flame retardant 阻燃剂含量极低的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的高效阻燃性和火灾蔓延行为

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111039

Liwen Zheng , Jing Zhan , Jiahui Wang , Zhirong Xu , Xiaowei Mu

{"title":"Highly efficient flame retardancy and fire spread behavior of rigid polyurethane foams with extremely low content of flame retardant","authors":"Liwen Zheng , Jing Zhan , Jiahui Wang , Zhirong Xu , Xiaowei Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has once again captured the scholars’ attention due to the growing the growing demands in the field of building energy efficiency. However, the inherent flammability of RPUF is high and the complexities of its flame-retardant mechanisms remain inadequately understood. In this study, a modified biomass material, amino starch phosphate ester was successfully synthesized which was then combined with expandable graphite (EG) and incorporated into RPUF. The research delved into the optimal ratio and minimal flame-retardant additive required to achieve the stringent UL-94 V-0 rating, while also thoroughly investigating the flame retardancy and thermal properties of the composite system. The findings revealed that with just 6 wt.% of flame retardants, the RPUF achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 41.1 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a 23.7 % decrease in total heat release (THR). Additionally, it diminishes the flame's size and width, leading to quicker extinction, while also lowering the internal combustion temperature of the polyurethane, thereby delaying both preheating and combustion times. The synergistic interaction between amino starch phosphate ester and EG during combustion results in the formation of a dense, continuous char layer, effectively inhibiting the pyrolysis and combustion of RPUF. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of efficient flame-retardant systems for RPUF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-examination of the intumescence mechanism of fire retarded PP with APP/pentaerythritol/zeolite-4A using advanced spectroscopic techniques 利用先进的光谱技术重新研究含有 APP/季戊四醇/zeolite-4A的阻燃聚丙烯的膨胀机理

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111040

Matthieu Caron , Karima Ben Tayeb , Serge Bourbigot , Gaëlle Fontaine

{"title":"Re-examination of the intumescence mechanism of fire retarded PP with APP/pentaerythritol/zeolite-4A using advanced spectroscopic techniques","authors":"Matthieu Caron , Karima Ben Tayeb , Serge Bourbigot , Gaëlle Fontaine","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixture of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) is a very efficient flame retardant (FR) intumescent system suitable for polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP). The mechanisms of intumescence of this FR system in this polymer was investigated using different spectroscopic techniques including continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. In this work, the intumescence mechanism of PP/APP/PER formulations with and without 4A is revisited. The intumescent system was in-depth investigated using NMR, CW EPR and pulsed EPR. The CW EPR technique confirmed that free radicals are mainly generated during the intumescence of the system between 250 and 350 °C. Thanks to the pulsed EPR and solid state NMR, it was evidenced that a key structural shift from a predominantly carbonaceous residue to a predominantly phosphorated residue. Besides, it was also evidenced that zeolite 4A totally collapses during extrusion of PP/APP/PER formulations reacting with APP to generate aluminophosphates. Then, silicophosphates are generated between 350 and 400 °C. Both alumino- and silicophosphates contribute to protect aromatic structures in the residue at high temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co Hybrids modified piperazine pyrophosphate towards efficient flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and high mechanical properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer Co Hybrids 改性哌嗪焦磷酸盐，实现苯乙烯热塑性弹性体的高效阻燃、抑烟和高机械性能

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111041

Quanqing Cui , Hongliang Ding , Na Sun , Xiaowei Mu , Wei Wang , Yan Zhang , Keqing Zhou , Wei Yang , Bin Yu

{"title":"Co Hybrids modified piperazine pyrophosphate towards efficient flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and high mechanical properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer","authors":"Quanqing Cui , Hongliang Ding , Na Sun , Xiaowei Mu , Wei Wang , Yan Zhang , Keqing Zhou , Wei Yang , Bin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly flammable nature of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) results in poor fire safety performance. The large addition of flame retardants leads to a significant decrease in mechanical properties. To solve above challenges, we design a multilayer core-shell flame retardant, piperazine pyrophosphate@ tannic acid@ Co amorphous hybrids (PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM) and add it to TPE to enhance the fire safety and mechanical performance simultaneously. It was found that the addition of 32 wt% PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating of TPE composites, with a limiting oxygen index of 27 %. Compared to pure TPE, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke production, and peak CO release rate of TPE/PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM were reduced by 79.8 %, 37.1 %, 42.9 %, and 82.5 %, respectively, effectively suppressing the release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases. Besides, the flame-retardant mechanism was also explained. In terms of mechanical performance, benefiting by the bridging effect of the core-shell structure, the tensile strength of TPE/PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM increased by 52.7 %, compared to TPE/PAPP. This study designed a TPE composite material that showed good thermal stability, high fire safety performance and enhanced mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111041"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation mechanism for epoxy resins under combined electric, thermal and compressive stresses 环氧树脂在电、热和压缩综合应力作用下的降解机理

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111038

Gaoyi Shang , Yingman Sun , Hao Tang , Xining Li , Shuqi Zhang , Jinzhong Li , Xuandong Liu

{"title":"Degradation mechanism for epoxy resins under combined electric, thermal and compressive stresses","authors":"Gaoyi Shang , Yingman Sun , Hao Tang , Xining Li , Shuqi Zhang , Jinzhong Li , Xuandong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resins are widely used in equipment such as ultra-high voltage dry-type bushings, which are subjected to severe electric, thermal, and compressive stresses. Some physical mechanisms have already been proposed to explain the degradations generated by these different stresses, however their effects have not yet been quantified.. The degradation characteristics of epoxy resin under combined stresses of 8 kV/mm, 40 °C-120 °C, and 0–60 MPa were investigated in experiments. The results showed that the degradation characteristics turned significantly with the increase of compressive stress. With the increase in compressive stress, initially the partial discharge initiation voltage, tree initiation voltage and time to breakdown increased, and fractal dimension decreased. While the compressive stress exceeded the turning point, the characteristics were reversed. It can be suggested that opposing mechanisms exist. The free volume and phase field theories dominate at lower and higher stresses, respectively. A novel degradation model of the epoxy resin was proposed based on the theories above. When the compressive stress was low, the reduction of free volume played a dominant role in slowing down the degradation. When the compressive stress was high, the partial energy density concentration accelerated the degradation and played a dominant role. The molecular dynamics and finite element simulation of degradation process stress was carried out and proved consistent with experiments. It confirmed the proposed degradation model reliable and valid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of carbon black on degradation of pipe grade black polyethylene in high concentration chlorine dioxide solutions 炭黑对管道级黑色聚乙烯在高浓度二氧化氯溶液中降解的影响

IF 6.3 2区化学

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111031

Amirhosein Sarafpour, Gholamreza Pircheraghi

{"title":"The effect of carbon black on degradation of pipe grade black polyethylene in high concentration chlorine dioxide solutions","authors":"Amirhosein Sarafpour, Gholamreza Pircheraghi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the impact of carbon black on the accelerated degradation of pipe grade polyethylene (PE100) exposed to high levels of chlorine dioxide (150 ppm) is examined. Tensile testing reveals a faster degradation rate in black samples compared to neat samples, indicating a detrimental effect of carbon black aggregates on the polymer's aging process. Rheological analysis shows changes in molecular weight and structure due to chemical degradation and chain scission and can be a reliable method for detecting slight changes in molecular structure. Isothermal crystallization shows a slowdown in crystallization kinetics at first, explained by gel-formation due to crosslinking which hinder the crystallization, and then an increase in the kinetics as apparently the chain scission gets dominant again. Neat samples exhibit a higher density of tie molecules, indirectly revealed by much more fibrils in crack wall observed in FESEM images, suggesting better resistance to chemical degradation while the black sample shows a much less fibrillar crack wake and becomes almost completely devoid of any fibrils at later stages of aging. The fibrils, which essentially offer a load-bearing role against the widening and growth of the crack play a key role in resistance to slow crack growth (SCG). Therefore, the higher SCG resistance is expected for neat grade compared to black samples. The study proposes a dual-layer pipe design with a UV-resistant black outer layer and an oxidation-resistant neat inner layer to prolong the lifespan of PE100 pipes by protecting against UV radiation and chemical reactions. This solution offers increased durability, lower maintenance costs, and environmental sustainability benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0