From frameworks to firewalls: metal-organic frameworks as smart additives for flame-retardant polymers

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111643

Randy Ncube, Maryam Ghodrat, Juan Pablo Escobedo-Diaz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increasing demand for polymeric materials that can be ‘safe’ during fire and combustion scenarios has led to a drive in the investigation of advanced flame-retardant systems that are both effective and environmentally friendly. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a group of porous crystalline materials made up of metal centres (nodes) and organic linkers, have, in this case, shown great promise as multifunctional additives. This review investigates the role of MOFs in improving thermal and mechanical stability, catalytic properties, and flame retardancy of various polymer matrices. Different metal classes have shown to possess different properties that help in the improvement of polymeric materials’ flame retardance properties. Both transition metals (TM) and rare earth (RE) metals have been employed in MOFs, and studies show that TM exhibit higher thermal stability, thereby helping to prevent polymer degradation, whereas RE metals improve char formation and smoke suppression. Emphasis is also placed on the synergistic influence of metal selection, synthesis and the mechanisms by which MOFs increase Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values and improve Underwriters Laboratories (UL 94) tests, reducing heat release and material degradation during combustion. Through critically analyzing recent experimental findings and promising trends, this work highlights MOFs as leading additives in the creation of high-performance flame-retardant (FR) polymer composites.

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从框架到防火墙：金属有机框架作为阻燃聚合物的智能添加剂

对在火灾和燃烧情况下“安全”的聚合物材料的需求日益增长，这推动了对既有效又环保的先进阻燃系统的研究。金属有机骨架（mof）是一组由金属中心（节点）和有机连接体组成的多孔晶体材料，在这种情况下，作为多功能添加剂显示出很大的前景。本文综述了MOFs在提高各种聚合物基体的热稳定性、机械稳定性、催化性能和阻燃性方面的作用。不同种类的金属具有不同的性能，有助于提高聚合物材料的阻燃性能。过渡金属（TM）和稀土（RE）金属都被用于mof中，研究表明，TM具有更高的热稳定性，从而有助于防止聚合物降解，而稀土金属则有助于炭的形成和抑烟。重点还放在金属选择、合成和mof提高极限氧指数（LOI）值和改进保险商实验室（UL 94）测试的机制的协同影响上，减少燃烧过程中的热量释放和材料降解。通过批判性地分析最近的实验结果和有希望的趋势，本工作强调了mof作为高性能阻燃（FR）聚合物复合材料的主要添加剂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.