Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Chemiluminescence monitoring during an epoxy curing reaction","authors":"Baptiste Robbiani ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Augé ,&nbsp;Marc Guerre ,&nbsp;Gilbert Teyssèdre","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemiluminescence is one of the ways to monitor chemical reactions, and notably the curing of epoxy resins. The kinetics and conversion of the reaction are classically monitored using total light emission without consideration of the emission spectrum. In the present work, we investigated the chemiluminescence of an imidazole catalyzed epoxy resin during its curing at 90 °C. Attention is paid to the change in the chemiluminescence spectrum with the extent of the reaction. The spectral distribution changes with curing time and exhibits a non-monotonous behavior that correlates well with the chemiluminescence intensity monitored with a photomultiplier. The curing chemiluminescence is attributed to the oxidation of the material in an evolving environment and is promoted by the exothermicity of the curing reaction. After a short period of time where only the oxidation of the catalyst and the hardener are revealed, the reaction rate accelerates and peaks after 40 min of curing at 90 °C. Then, the chemiluminescence spectrum progressively evolves toward the one characteristic of the fully cured resin. This study demonstrates that analyzing the spectral distribution of luminescence can effectively determine the curing reaction stage of a given resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized bio-based intumescent flame retardant with ZIF-67 as an effective fire safe agent for thermoplastic polyurethane composites with enhanced mechanical properties","authors":"Biyu Huang,&nbsp;Haopeng Zhang,&nbsp;Jirui Qu,&nbsp;Gaoyuan Li,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhao,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Chuanmei Jiao,&nbsp;Xilei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exceptional fire safety, mechanical flexibility, ultraviolet (UV) resistance, and transparency are critical characteristics for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials in rapidly evolving industrial applications. Nevertheless, achieving a harmonious balance among these properties remains a significant challenge. In this paper, bio-based phytic acid/chitosan intumescent flame retardant (CaCS@PA) and cobalt metal-organic framework (ZIF-67) were incorporated into TPU, forming a densely crosslinked network through non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. The resulting TPU/ZIF-67-CaCS@PA composites show significant fire safety performance, with a 49.8 % reduction in peak heat release rate and a 30.0 % decrease in peak smoke production. Analysis of the condensed and gas phases indicated that the flame-retardant mechanism of ZIF-67-CaCS@PA primarily relies on the ability of ZIF-67 to influence the migration of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) gases and catalyze carbonization. This process accelerates the formation of a highly graphitized, thermally stable, and compact char layer, which acts as an effective protective barrier. Owing to the synergistic effect of supramolecular interactions, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the TPU composites were significantly enhanced to 39.6 MPa and 787.4 %, representing increases of 155.6 % and 27.7 % prior to the pure TPU, respectively. Additionally, TPU/ZIF-67-CaCS@PA displays excellent transparency and UV resistance, effectively mitigating aging, yellowing, and strength degradation under UV exposure. This study successfully achieved a desirable balance between fire safety, mechanical performance, UV shielding, and transparency in TPU composites, offering valuable insights and potential advancements for both industrial applications and academic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111444"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of high-HHx PHA degrading bacterium from mangrove ecosystem using an improved PHA-agar plate assay","authors":"Taufiq Ahmad Syauqi,&nbsp;Azura Ahmad,&nbsp;Hui Jia Tang,&nbsp;Jia Hui Wan,&nbsp;Kumar Sudesh","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of plastic debris increasingly impacts mangrove ecosystems. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<em>co</em>-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx), a biodegradable alternative to conventional plastics, can reduce environmental persistence. Despite prior studies on PHBHx degradation in mangroves, the microbial communities responsible for this process remain underexplored. This study developed a novel, surfactant-free PHA-agar plate assay to isolate and characterize PHA-degrading bacteria from a tropical mangrove ecosystem. A PHA-degrading bacterium was isolated from the plastisphere of a degraded PHBHx straw and identified as <em>Priestia</em> sp. USM5 via phylogenetic analysis. The strain efficiently degraded PHBHx films with 3HHx compositions up to 27 mol%, achieving complete degradation of PHBHx-8%, 97.4% of PHBHx-11%, and 42% of PHBHx-27% within 14 days. The strain exhibited growth and degradation activity across a temperature range of 25-45°C and salinity levels of 0-7% (w/v) NaCl, with optimal degradation observed at 30-37°C and in seawater with a salinity of approximately 3%. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of PHA-degrading bacteria isolated from a tropical mangrove ecosystem. These findings provide new insights into microbial PHBHx degradation in mangroves and highlight the ecological and biotechnological significance of <em>Priestia</em> sp. USM5. The improved PHA-agar plate assay offers a valuable tool for advancing research on bioplastic degradation in tropical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High char residual, anti-dripping, highly efficient and intrinsically flame retardant PA66 via combustion induced crosslinking strategy","authors":"Chenlong Su ,&nbsp;Yuting Ren ,&nbsp;Ping Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou ,&nbsp;Dujin Wang ,&nbsp;Xia Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flame-retardant modification of Polyamide66 (PA66) is an essential measure to broaden its application spectrum and enhance the safety classification. A significant challenge with PA66 is its propensity for severe melt dripping during combustion due to its inherently low melt strength. Implementing high-temperature self-cross-linking has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. Nevertheless, incorporating cross-linkable structures directly into PA66 inevitably compromises the material’s processability. To address this limitation, we developed an innovative combustion-induced cross-linking strategy. This approach involves protecting cross-linkable groups with labile covalent bonds, which remain inert during processing conditions. During combustion, the preferential cleavage of labile bonds releases active cross-linking groups, inducing rapid network formation that effectively suppresses melt dripping while enhancing char formation. Following this strategy, we successfully designed and synthesized an intrinsically flame-retardant PA66. The optimized polymer achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.0 %, while demonstrating significant reductions in peak heat release rate (pHRR, 41.7 % decrease) and total heat release (THR, 25.9 % decrease). These improvements confirm the exceptional fire safety performance enabled by our combustion-induced cross-linking approach. Furthermore, we conducted comprehensive investigations into the flame-retardant mechanism, revealing the synergistic effects of the cross-linking process during combustion. This work establishes a novel and promising strategy for developing flame-retardant PA66 without compromising its processability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical interactions between polyamide 66 and phosphorus flame retardants","authors":"Zixuan Zheng ,&nbsp;John Lou Yao ,&nbsp;Qiang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To elucidate chemistry taking place during thermal degradation of polyamide 66 in the presence of phosphorus flame retardants and understand how commonly used phosphorus flame retardants achieve their flame retardancy, PA66 and a series of model compounds which include N,N'-dibutylhexanediamide, 1-butylazepane-2,7-dione and 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7‑dione have been subjected to thermal treatments together with melamine polyphosphate, aluminum diethylphosphinate or their combination respectively. Analyses of degradation products indicate that aluminum diethylphosphinate accelerates a cyclization reaction but does not change degradation mechanisms of polyamide 66 and its model compounds while melamine polyphosphate significantly shifts their degradation pathways to dehydration via a modified Hofmann elimination reaction which produces adiponitrile and water. Adiponitrile intumesces strongly when heated with polyphosphoric acid. Water hydrolyzes amides to amines, accompanied by the formation of amino-6-oxohexanoic acid which cyclizes to cyclopentanone. Water and amines together convert aluminum diethylphosphinate to diethylphosphinic acid. On the basis of the identification and transformation of reactive species, modes of flame retardant action of the combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate and melamine polyphosphate for PA66 have been proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green and highly efficient sodium alginate based flame retardant polystyrene coating solution","authors":"Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Yifu Xiang,&nbsp;Wantong Jiang,&nbsp;Zhixin Yang,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the flame retardancy of EPS, a kind of flame retardant expandable polystyrene foam (EPS) was prepared by coating method using biobased sodium alginate (SA) as binder and flame retardant, adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dipentaerythritol (DPER). The flame retardancy, mechanical properties and smoke suppression properties of different components of flame retardants were studied. When the ratio of SA:APP:DPER is 9:250:250, the peak heat release rate is 121.92 kW/m², which is 71.15 % lower than that of pure EPS, and the peak time is delayed. The maximum smoke density and smoke density grade decreased significantly. The vertical combustion test can pass the UL-94 test to V-0 level. In the combustion process, APP decomposes to produce acid source, which promotes the dehydration of DPER to char reaction. The two work together to participate in char formation, forming a C/N/P mixed carbon layer, which can isolate the transfer of heat, oxygen and combustible substances and play a flame retardant role. The coated EPS/SA/APP/DPER-1 samples showed the best comprehensive properties, providing a new strategy for the use of bio-based coated flame retardant EPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111443"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning platform for polymer flammability prediction","authors":"Duy Nhat Phan ,&nbsp;Alexander B. Morgan ,&nbsp;Lokendra Poudel ,&nbsp;Rahul Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flammability index (FI) and cone calorimetry outcomes, such as maximum heat release rate, time to ignition, total smoke release, and fire growth rate, are critical factors in evaluating the fire safety of polymers. However, predicting these properties is challenging due to the complexity of material behavior under heat exposure. In this work, we investigate the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict these flammability metrics. We generated synthetic polymers using Synthetic Data Vault to augment the experimental dataset. Our comprehensive ML investigation employed both our polymer descriptors and those generated by the RDkit library. Despite the challenges of limited experimental data, our models demonstrate the potential to accurately predict FI and cone calorimetry outcomes, which could be instrumental in designing safer polymers. Additionally, we developed POLYCOMPRED, a module integrated into the cloud-based MatVerse platform, providing an accessible, web-based interface for flammability prediction. This work provides not only the predictive modeling of polymer flammability but also an interactive analysis tool for the discovery and design of new materials with tailored fire-resistant properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111411"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation rate control with blends of poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)","authors":"Daisuke Takaya,&nbsp;Taizo Kabe,&nbsp;Hongyi Gan,&nbsp;Tadahisa Iwata","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable plastics are attracting attention as a potential solution to mitigate global plastic waste, and therefore, biodegradable plastics with different degradation rates are in demand for various applications. In this study, two biodegradable plastic materials, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate-<em>co</em>-adipate) (PBSA), were blended using a solvent casting method to produce PBS/PBSA blend films. The thermophysical properties of the prepared films were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the results confirmed compatibility in the amorphous form and phase separation during crystallization. Polarization microscopy revealed a linear relationship between the spherulite growth rate and the blend ratio. Enzymatic degradation tests indicated accelerated and inhibited degradation, which further suggested the presence of PBS spherulite crystals with PBSA incorporated inside. Overall, we demonstrated control over the plastic degradation rate by appropriately blending PBS and PBSA, thus highlighting the potential for modulating biodegradability using simple polymer blend techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α-amino acid-derived polyamidoamines as photostabilizers for cotton","authors":"Sofia Treccani,&nbsp;Jenny Alongi,&nbsp;Paolo Ferruti,&nbsp;Elisabetta Ranucci","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arginine- (M-ARG), glycine- (M-GLY), serine‑ (M-SER), histidine- (M-HIS) and tyrosine/arginine- (M-TYR₃₀-ARG₇₀) derived polyamidoamines (PAAs) were studied as cotton photostabilizers. Cotton strips with a 6 wt. % PAA add-on were subjected to accelerated photoaging in a solar chamber under UVA–UVB exposure at 40 % relative humidity and 30–35 °C. Colorimetric analysis was conducted at 15-minute intervals during irradiation. Virgin cotton exhibited significantly more yellowing than PAA-treated fabrics, except for those treated with M-TYR₃₀-ARG₇₀. Scanning electron microscopy revealed slight surface erosion on untreated cotton (COT) fibers after prolonged UV exposure, whereas PAA-treated cotton (COT/PAA) showed uniform PAA coatings with only minor surface wrinkles and localized fractures. Colorimetric analysis enabled ranking the photostability of COT/PAA samples as follows: COT/M-ARG &gt; COT/M-GLY &gt; COT/M-SER &gt; COT/M-HIS &gt; COT &gt; COT/M-TYR₃₀-ARG₇₀. These results demonstrate that all PAAs enhanced UV protection, except for M-TYR₃₀-ARG₇₀. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of PAA coatings extracted from photoaged cotton showed no detectable structural degradation. The results confirm that α-amino acid-derived PAAs effectively protect cotton from photoaging, although formulations containing UVB-absorbing residues exhibit increased susceptibility to irradiation. The effectiveness of PAAs was attributed to the radical scavenging activity of tert‑amine groups and the side-chain residues within their repeat units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111430"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antioxidant purity on Arvin degradation products in polypropylene","authors":"Jérôme Vachon,&nbsp;Patrick Voets","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migration tests in ethanol (10 days, 60 °C) were performed on polypropylene injection molded plaques to study the influence of extrusion temperature and purity of antioxidant AO1010 on the presence of Arvin degradation products. Five AO1010 from five different suppliers showing different initial amount of Arvin 9 and 10 were used. A good correlation of the initial amount of Arvin 9 present in AO1010 and the amount migrated in ethanol was observed. For Arvin 8, not only Arvin 10 can be a precursor, but potentially also Arvin 9 as indicated by the good correlation between the sum of Arvin 9 and 10 initially present in the AO with the amount of Arvin 8 and 9 detected in ethanol. This study thus indicates that the most important factor determining the Arvin degradation products content is the purity of AO1010 in terms of residual amount of Arvin 9 and Arvin 10 in this antioxidant, while the effect of extrusion temperature was not seen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}