Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between structure and thermal stability of fluorosilicones at high temperatures","authors":"Leticia Pires ,&nbsp;Alice Corfa ,&nbsp;Vincent Ladmiral ,&nbsp;Sylvain Caillol ,&nbsp;Sébastien Roland ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Richaud","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal stability of fluorosilicones at high temperatures has been investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) based on their chemical structure (copolymerization and crosslinking), and compounding (incorporation of silica and titanium dioxide particle fillers). This allowed the comparison of thermal degradation kinetics of model samples and commercial fluorosilicones rubbers. Increasing dimethylsiloxane content in copolymers enhances thermal stability, while the presence of vinyl groups accelerates degradation by promoting depolymerization and crosslinking reactions at an earlier stage. In model filled fluorosilicone rubbers (FSR), untreated silica particles were found to destabilize the polymer matrix in the short term, whereas commercial filled FSRs exhibited greater thermal stability due to treated silica surfaces. Additionally, commercial samples crosslinked with DCP mixed with CaCO₃ resulted in the highest thermal stability. FTIR transmission analysis of copolymer residues revealed that degradation does not favor the preferential release of any monomer (dimethylsiloxane or trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane). Elemental analysis of a model homopolymer suggested that depolymerization is the dominant degradation mechanism, but side group scissions also contribute to this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable, degradable and malleable low-dielectric-constant thermosets derived from biomass for recyclable green electronics","authors":"Ka Hyun Lim ,&nbsp;Soo Jeong Jeong ,&nbsp;Ji Won Joo ,&nbsp;Churl Seung Lee ,&nbsp;Myong Jae Yoo ,&nbsp;Kitae Kang ,&nbsp;Youngmin Lee ,&nbsp;Ho Sun Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of their excellent thermal and chemical resistance, favorable adhesion properties, high tensile strength, and other advantages, epoxy thermosets have numerous industrial applications such as coating, adhesive, and composite material production. However, bisphenol A (BPA)-based resins, which account for a significant fraction of the above thermosets, adversely affect human health by interfering with the normal functioning of the endocrine system and cannot be easily decomposed and recycled. Herein, degradable and sustainable bio-based epoxy thermosets with crosslinked network structures are prepared by the epoxidation of isosorbide with epichlorohydrin and the curing of the produced isosorbide diglycidyl ether (ISDGE) with cyclic lactones through a cationic ring-opening reaction. The ISDGE thermosets fully decompose into soluble and recyclable products under mildly basic conditions within three days, which is ascribed to the presence of ester moieties within the polymer network structure. Compared to a representative BPA-based epoxy, ISDGE-based thermosets exhibit lower dielectric constants and are more flexible. Moreover, the glass fibers in ISDGE-based prepregs can be fully recovered after on-demand degradation. Thus, our work provides promising eco-friendly alternatives to conventional epoxy thermosets and paves the way for the reduction of plastic waste generation and the development of recyclable green electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic under visible light irradiation by graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets","authors":"Abbas Al-Nayili,&nbsp;Ahoud M. Kadhim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the production of polystyrene has increased in scale to satisfy rising demand. Therefore, a significant amount of polystyrene waste is still produced, along with related environmental and health issues. Under the influence of visible light irradiation, this study examined the solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene (PS) plastic using graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNs) in the surrounding air. The CNs were synthesized and characterized, and their surfaces were examined. Different techniques were used to investigate the CNs' efficacy as photocatalysts after they were combined with polystyrene to create a homogeneous blend. The techniques included monitoring the changes in weight loss, depression in molecular weight, and surface morphology following irradiation. The main byproducts of the effective breakdown of PS-CNs composite plastic are water and CO₂. After 50 h of exposure to visible light, the PS-CNs (8 wt %) film lost 10 % of its weight. Additionally, irradiated polystyrene containing CNs showed the greatest amount of surface alterations, including the formation of cracks, roughness, and dark spots. A plausible mechanism was objectively provided based on proof and was in good agreement with the data gathered. According to the current study, polymer-CNs compositing is a viable and feasible method of decomposing plastic waste in the presence of visible light without causing any pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111372"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization strategies for the mechanical properties of anion exchange membranes applied in new energy devices","authors":"Limin Zhang,&nbsp;Yanyan Guo,&nbsp;Chunlin Wang,&nbsp;Boran Shi,&nbsp;Sizhe Li,&nbsp;Shuqi Li,&nbsp;Jie Yang,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Chao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a pivotal role in the fields of energy and environmental science, where their mechanical properties significantly influence the performance and longevity of energy storage and conversion systems. Enhancing these properties is crucial for maintaining dimensional stability under high-pressure corrosive conditions and ensuring long-term reliability in battery applications. Common strategies to optimize mechanical properties include constructing microphase-separated network structures and implementing cross-linking models. The former leverages side-chain cation self-assembly to form microphase-separated networks, thereby enhancing alkalinity and mechanical stability. The latter benefits from a tightly interconnected polymer backbone due to cross-linking, which restricts chain mobility and improves dimensional stability. Additionally, interpenetrating structures, increased crystallinity, and controlled chain orientation can further optimize mechanical properties. For instance, pi-pi stacking self-assembly, external field induction, or machining techniques, among other methods.</div><div>From a molecular perspective, the regulation of membrane materials can be categorized into segment entanglement structure design and orientation control. The alignment of polymer chains and the degree of \"interlocking\" within the network are influenced by various factors, altering internal free volume and intermolecular interaction energies, thus impacting macroscopic properties. However, a comprehensive summary of how polymer segment structure and orientation affect mechanical properties in AEMs remains limited. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between structure and mechanical properties and discuss design principles to provide guidance for the development of new energy devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel aromatic phosphonates as flame retardants for polybutylene succinate","authors":"Thomas Driever,&nbsp;Elke Metzsch-Zilligen,&nbsp;Rudolf Pfaendner","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel potential phosphonate flame retardants were synthesized from renewable building blocks. The additives were characterized using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Polybutylene succinate was compounded and injection molded with phosphonate concentrations of 2–10 wt. % and tested via UL-94 resulting in a shortening of burning time and reduction of burning droplets. Furthermore, synergistic combinations of the novel phosphonates with 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate were investigated. Best results were achieved with phosphonates where the aromatic ring is substituted with aldehyde groups and the additional use of the sulfonate. TGA and NMR analysis provided indications of the involved flame retardant mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core-shell engineered boehmite-derived organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant for epoxy resins: synergistically enhanced fire safety and mechanical integrity","authors":"Shu-Gen Wu,&nbsp;Chuan Liu,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Dong-Yi He,&nbsp;Ze-Kun Wang,&nbsp;Wen-long Xie,&nbsp;Yu-Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional phosphorus-containing flame retardants often compromise the mechanical integrity of epoxy resins (EP), presenting a critical challenge for high-performance applications. This study addresses this dilemma through an innovative interfacial engineering approach, developing a core-shell structured organic-inorganic hybrid aluminum phenylphosphinate (PADP@BM) via chemical modification of boehmite nanoparticles with phenylphosphinic acid. Structural characterization validated the successful anchoring of BM nanoparticles onto PADP microrods, forming a unique organic-inorganic heterostructure. With only 10 wt% loading, the EP composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and a remarkably high LOI value up to 37.0 %, while exhibiting 39.9 % and 31.5 % reductions in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), respectively. Remarkably, the impact strength of EP/5PADP@BM increased by 43.4 % to 17.5 kJ/m², and the composites retained comparable strength and toughness to pure EP even in the face of a high loading of 10 wt% PADP@BM. This work provides a paradigm-shifting strategy to reconcile the long-standing conflict between flame retardancy and mechanical robustness in polymer composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and modeling of weathering degradation of PC/ABS blend in various temperature and humidity conditions","authors":"Na-Im Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong-Moo Lee ,&nbsp;Jong-Sin Moon ,&nbsp;Jung-Wook Wee","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the accelerated degradation tests were conducted on PC/ABS blend (50:50) under various combinations of temperature and humidity, 85 °C-85 %RH, 85 °C-45 %RH, 75 °C-65 %RH, 85 °C-dry, 95 °C-dry, and 105 °C-dry conditions. The generation of surface damages were observed in detail, and a quantitative degree of degradation was defined based on the spectroscopic analysis. Also, the master curves correlating the degree of degradation with mechanical properties were constructed. The prediction model for degradation degree and mechanical properties under arbitrary temperature and humidity condition was suggested based on the degradation kinetics, and it was utilized to estimate the degradation behavior of field-weathered samples for 6 months. Based on this study, it is believed that the degradation behavior of PC/ABS blend under a wide range of weathering conditions can be predicted accurately by suggested protocol, and the reliable application potential of PC/ABS blends for various industrial areas is enhanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint physicochemical effects of UV-B irradiation on microplastics formation: The case of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate)","authors":"Nina Maria Ainali ,&nbsp;Dimitrios N. Bikiaris ,&nbsp;Dimitra A. Lambropoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of rapid growth in global plastic production and insufficient waste management has led to severe environmental pollution and resource depletion, rendering the degradation of plastics into microplastics (MPs) an intensified concern. Among the different mechanisms driving the MP formation, UV-induced photodegradation holds a crucial role, since it facilitates the initiation of chemical transformation, such as chain scission, oxidation, and crosslinking reactions, which result in physicochemical alterations and fragmentation of polymers. With the most expanded research been conducted on polyolefins, there still remains a gap in understanding the photodegradation mechanisms of other widely used polymer types, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Herein, the UV-B-induced aging of PVC and PMMA thin films was investigated over a two-month period. An inclusive sequence of characterization and analytical techniques, such as Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py–GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the physicochemical, thermal, morphological, and chemical changes of the studied polymers. Significant structural and chemical alterations were found in both studied polymers, underscoring their vulnerability to UV-induced oxidation processes with the FTIR spectra's identification of new oxidation products. While mechanical performance deterioration during UV irradiation suggested the progressive fragmentation of polymers, potentially causing the formation of MPs, SEM images and water contact angle values showed the notable morphological and hydrophilicity changes of the irradiated samples in comparison to the virgin one. Additionally, according to Py–GC/MS analysis, the relative abundance of pyrolysis products changed during the UV exposure testing as well. Furthermore, during photo-aging, there were notable variations in the quantities of pyrolytic marker compounds, which are frequently utilized in MPs analysis in ongoing research. All aspects considered, these results highlight the necessity of deepened research into the aging processes of common polymer types since they present significant obstacles to the precision and reliability of MPs quantification in real environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of novel biobased stabilizers: Long-term thermal and UV stability of polypropylene","authors":"Katrin Markus,&nbsp;Tobias Kirschbaum,&nbsp;Elke Metzsch-Zilligen,&nbsp;Rudolf Pfaendner","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development and evaluation of novel bio-based stabilizers including benzoates, cinnamates and phenyl propionates are presented, focusing on long-term thermal and UV stabilization performance of polypropylene. The synthesized structures include benzoates, cinnamates and phenyl propionate esters. Long-term thermal studies indicated that phenyl propionates provided superior stability compared to other structures. The analysis of carbonyl indices during accelerated aging showed lower values for phenyl propionate additives too, highlighting their effective stabilization capabilities. Double-substituted phenols outperformed mono-substituted ones in mechanical property assessments. Benzoates seem to be the only derivatives to provide some UV stability. Overall, the results suggest that the synthesized bio-based antioxidants could serve as promising alternatives to conventional stabilizers, offering potential benefits for more sustainable applications in various industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reactive flame retardant based on functionalized α-amino-ε-caprolactam with a P-C-N bond structure for copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide","authors":"Rende Qin,&nbsp;Wenxing Yuan,&nbsp;Jiajun Fu,&nbsp;Zixin Zhang,&nbsp;Yongjie Yuan,&nbsp;Hailiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the most widely used polymer materials in the world, polyamide 6 (PA6) requires enhanced flame retardancy due to its expanding applications. Here, a reactive flame retardant, P-Ph-N ACL, based on functionalized α-amino-ε-caprolactam is synthesized through a two-step Kabachnik-Fields reaction, using α-amino-ε-caprolactam (ACL), 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and benzaldehyde as the reactants. As a reactive flame retardant, P-Ph-N ACL exhibits excellent flame-retardant performance, thermal stability, and reactivity. A series of copolymerized flame-retardant polyamide (P-Ph-N PA) are synthesized via hydrolytic copolycondensation using ε-caprolactam (CPL) and P-Ph-N ACL as raw materials. As the amount of the P-Ph-N ACL increases, the flame-retardant performance of P-Ph-N PA improves significantly. When 8 wt% of P-Ph-N ACL is added, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of P-Ph-N PA-8 increases from 21% for pure PA6 to 35%. In vertical combustion tests, P-Ph-N PA-8 self-extinguishes within 7 s after ignition, achieving the UL94 V-0 rating. The cooperative effects of gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mode of actions collectively contribute to the enhanced flame retardancy of P-Ph-N PA. Furthermore, P-Ph-N PA-8 maintains a relatively high molecular weight and crystallinity, along with commendable thermal stability and mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}