Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Compression stress relaxation characteristics and failure mechanism of silicone rubber for high voltage cable accessories","authors":"YanHui Wei ,&nbsp;Hao Guo ,&nbsp;XiaoLong Chen ,&nbsp;XueJing Li ,&nbsp;GuoChang Li ,&nbsp;Yongjie Nie ,&nbsp;YuanWei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sufficient interfacial pressure between silicone rubber (SIR) insulation and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) in high-voltage cable accessories is the basic condition to ensure the normal operation of cable accessories. However, in the actual operation of cables and accessories, high-temperature aging and mechanical aging can cause the mechanical properties of SIR materials to decline, thus affecting the size of the insulation interface pressure. Firstly, the relaxation law of compressive stress of SIR material is obtained by measuring the compressive stress under force-thermal synergistic aging. Secondly, the time-temperature equivalent model is established according to the measured data to evaluate the service life of the cable accessories. Thirdly, the physical and chemical properties of SIR with different aging times are tested to analyze the change in its mechanical properties. Finally, the effect of temperature on the stress relaxation characteristics of SIR is calculated from the microscopic level by molecular simulation. The experimental results show that the compressive stress of SIR decreases first and then becomes stable with the increase of aging time due to the movement of molecular chains and chemical reactions in SIR. In addition, the compression stress relaxation rate of SIR increases with temperature. The aging life prediction model shows that when the relaxation coefficient of compressive stress drops to 50% of the initial value at the end of cable life, the service life of cable accessories at 70°C is about 24 years. The molecular simulation shows that the relaxation of the molecular chain of SIR is accelerated with the increase in temperature, and the stress relaxation of SIR material is accelerated on a macroscopic level. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the design and operation reliability of cable accessories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111098"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of novel halogen-free flame retardant containing functionalized chitosan from fisheries waste through the sol-gel technology and its fire safety performance in polyurethane resin","authors":"Yih-Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Chin-Lung Chiang ,&nbsp;Cing-Yu Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan (CS) derived from fisheries waste, such as shrimp and crab shells, was used to fabricate a bio-based, ecofriendly flame retardant. By reacting the –NH₂ groups of CS and the NH₂ groups of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) with the NCO groups of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PMPI), a novel intumescent flame retardant, CS-PMPI-MPP, was synthesized. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was reacted with polyol and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to form a polyurethane containing silicon (Si-PU), into which the flame retardant was incorporated to produce a high-polymer composite through the sol-gel technology. The structure, thermal properties, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, toxicity, and char formation of the composites were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, cone calorimeter, UL-94, thermogravimetric analysis with infrared spectroscopy, universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, and smoke density test analyses were performed. The thermogravimetric test results indicated an increase in char yield from 0.5 wt% in pristine polyurethane to 25.9 wt% upon the addition of CS-PMPI-MPP, signifying an enhancement in the thermal stability of pristine polyurethane. According to limiting oxygen index and UL-94 data, the incorporation of CS-PMPI-MPP improved the limiting oxygen index and UL-94 ratings from 18.2 % (Fail) to 26.5 % (V-1), demonstrating the exceptional flame-retardant property of CS-PMPI-MPP within the pristine polyurethane formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of novel soy protein-based flame retardant and its effects on the flame retardancy and biodegradation of polylactic acid","authors":"Yuting Xue ,&nbsp;Dongfang Zhao ,&nbsp;Luqian Dong ,&nbsp;Ruobing Yao ,&nbsp;Fang Xu ,&nbsp;Yunxuan Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel soy protein-based phosphonate flame retardant (SPPU) was synthesized by a facile two-step method for PLA. And the flame-retardant PLA/SPPU composites were prepared by melt blending. From the results, 3 wt.% of SPPU could increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PLA from 19.4 % to 23.4 %, and reach V-0 grade in UL-94 vertical combustion test. In the cone calorimetric tests, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of PLA/SPPU decreased significantly. The results of TG and TG-IR of PLA/SPPU, FTIR and XPS of the char residual showed that SPPU mainly exerted flame retardant effects in the gas phase, accompanied by some effects in condensed phase. Besides, SPPU could accelerate the biodegradation of PLA under compost conditions, which increased the biodegradation rate of PLA from 86.2 % to 88.39 % in 180 days. The addition of appropriate content of SPPU would not cause the deterioration of mechanical properties of PLA, but can improve the toughness of PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of eugenol-based flame retardant epoxy resin with an ultrahigh glass transition temperature via a dual-curing mechanism","authors":"Kangle Xue ,&nbsp;Pengbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zidie Song ,&nbsp;Fanjun Guo ,&nbsp;Zibo Hua ,&nbsp;Tao You ,&nbsp;Shumao Li ,&nbsp;Chao Cui ,&nbsp;Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eugenol epoxy resin, as one of the most promising biobased epoxy resins, still faces problems of insufficient heat resistance, high flammability, and complicated synthesis processes. Based on the principles of the Diels–Alder (D-A) addition reaction and epoxy-amine open-loop crosslinking, the EUEP epoxy monomer (EUEP) was synthesized, and ternary cocuring (EUEP-BDM-DDS) was performed with bismaleimide (BDM) and the high-temperature curing agent 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS). The resulting system exhibited an exceptional glass transition temperature (T_g) of 306 °C, surpassing other eugenol epoxies and commercial bisphenol A epoxies. EUEP-BDM-DDS demonstrated superior mechanical properties with high moduli (up to 4.14 GPa for tensile and 4.10 GPa for flexural). Its processing characteristics were also favorable, featuring a long pot-life, low viscosity, and suitable for all operating processes of traditional DGEBA-DDS systems. In addition, the formation of rigid six-membered rings during curing and the higher cross-linking density gave the resin system excellent flame retardant properties, with a limit oxygen index of 33.5 % and passing the V-0 class test of UL-94. The system exhibited significantly lower peak heat release and smoke release rates compared to DGEBA-DDS, indicating enhanced fire safety. And the analysis revealed a coacervated flame retardant mechanism. Moreover, the composite material derived from EUEP-BDM-DDS displayed improved interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, and high-temperature mechanical properties, outperforming the DGEBA-DDS system. This study paves the way for utilizing biobased eugenol epoxy resins in advanced composite materials, offering enhanced performance and fire safety. It holds significant implications for promoting the application of biobased materials in high-performance composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ generated SiO2 nanoparticles for heat release reduction and smoke suppression in unsaturated polyester composites","authors":"Arvindh Sekar,&nbsp;Nicolas Chauvet,&nbsp;Sandro Lehner,&nbsp;Milijana Jovic,&nbsp;Sithiprumnea Dul,&nbsp;Patrick Rupper,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Gaan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving lower heat release rates (HRR) during combustion is one of the key steps toward obtaining flame retardant materials. UPR thermosets, while mechanically strong and chemically durable, show high HRR upon ignition. While most commercial applications focus on blending of metal oxide or other heterogeneous fillers to reduce HRR, they have significant drawbacks like phase segregation, drop in transparency and other features which disfavor their use in UPRs. Herein, a novel, green technique to generate nSiO₂ in-situ in UPRs is demonstrated. The method is designed such that the precursors act as nucleating agents covalently bonded to the UPRs and as growth fuel for the nSiO₂ production. Apart from major advantages like a uniform phase distribution in the thermoset and transparency, this technique also prevents direct handling of powdered micro or nanoparticles, leading to a safer working environment for the handling of UPRs. The physical, thermal, and mechanical properties analyzed show great promise towards flame retardant composites, as the formed nanocomposite material, with 10 wt% loading of nSiO₂ demonstrates a 41 % reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 52 % reduction in total smoke release (TSR), while retaining optical transmission &gt;90 %. On combination with commercial phosphorus containing flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the composite shows an even greater reduction in THR and TSR, while also being self-extinguishing. These compelling features, coupled with the safe nature of generating nanoparticles in-situ, offer substantial benefits of using this nSiO₂ approach towards HRR reduction in UPR-based thermosets and advocate for their use in commercial formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111095"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolysis of poly(ester urethane): In-depth mechanistic pathways through FTIR 2D-COS spectroscopy","authors":"Dali Yang,&nbsp;Jack K. Brett,&nbsp;Mathias C. Celina","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrolysis of thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) (PEU) is convoluted by its block copolymer phase structure and competing hydrolytic sensitivities of multiple functional groups. The exact pathways for water ingress, water interaction with the material and ultimately the kinetics and order of functional group hydrolysis remain to be refined. Additional diagnostics are needed to enable deeper insight and deconvolution of material changes. In combination with GPC results, a promising analytical technique – two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) – has been reviewed and applied to analyze FTIR spectra of hydrolyzed PEUs aged under various conditions, such as exposure time, temperature, and relative humidity. 2D-COS allows the complex role of water with distinct intermediate steps to be established, plus it emphasizes the initial stages of PEU hydrolysis at more susceptible functional groups. As a complication for the raw material, ATR IR detected some talc on the surface of commercial PEU beads and pressed sheets thereof, which can interfere with water ingress and thereby retards PEU hydrolysis, particularly in its natural form or moderate aging at lower temperatures (e.g., below the melting point of PEU). As aging temperature increases above the melting temperature, even traces of water trapped inside the PEU are sufficient to initiate the hydrolysis, which then progresses strongly with increasing temperatures. Feedback from 2D-COS analysis confirms that PEU hydrolysis starts at esters in the soft-segments before those in the urethane linkage become susceptible. Only when the molecular weight of PEU is below a critical molar mass (M_c) will the hydrolysis occur in parallel in the hard-segments since protective morphological phase structures are then absent. The current observations demonstrate unexpected behavior that may result from 'unknown' additives in polymer degradation, the temporal and group-specific hydrolysis of PEU as a function of locally available water molecules, the order of reactivity of susceptible functional groups, and the importance of changes in molecular weight coupled with the phase structure of the polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biocomposites based on Mater-Bi and grape pomace for a circular economy: Performance evaluation and degradation in soil","authors":"Vincenzo Titone ,&nbsp;Marco Rapisarda ,&nbsp;Luana Pulvirenti ,&nbsp;Edoardo Napoli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Impallomeni ,&nbsp;Luigi Botta ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Mistretta ,&nbsp;Paola Rizzarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymers often exhibit inferior properties and higher cost compared to their fossil-derived counterparts. The addition of plant waste and by-products can improve their performances, providing in the meantime functional activity and reducing their cost. In this work, we summarize the preparation of different biocomposites (BioCs) incorporating two diverse amounts (10 % and 20 %) of grape pomace (GP) in a Mater-Bi (MB) sample. GP, MB as well as BioCs were fully characterized. The influence of addition of GP on the properties and degradation in soil of the biocomposites was evaluated in comparison with the neat MB. However, natural antioxidants and other active compounds from GP could be sensitive to temperature. Thus, GP and MB underwent heat treatment at 180 °C to simulate and induce possible degradation during BioCs processing. GP analysis (particle size 50 μm) showed only a slight decrease of antioxidant potency, despite the heat treatment simulating the BioCs processing. ¹H NMR of the MB soluble fraction in CDCl₃ displayed the presence of two polymeric components: polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-<em>co</em>-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). Introduction of GP in the polymer matrix induced a proportional increase of antioxidant property in the BioCs as well as in complex viscosity at low frequencies. Moreover, a slight increase in the elastic modulus was observed with increasing the crystallinity of the samples. Degradation rate in soil, monitored by weight loss, increased with filler content and time. Moreover, NMR showed that, in the recovered sample after 45 days, the composition of PBAT changed, with the terephthalic percentage increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-molecular-weight flame retardant derived from bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate for cotton fabrics","authors":"Shuo Diao ,&nbsp;Mengxiao Liang ,&nbsp;Yonghua Lu ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Tang ,&nbsp;Guangxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-molecular-weight flame retardant, bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] (THPS)-urea_n-(PO₃)(NH₄)₂, was synthesized for cotton fabrics. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that (THPS-urea)_n-(PO₃)(NH₄)₂ effectively infiltrated the fibers and grafted onto cellulose through N–P(=O)–O–C covalent bonds. The fabric treated with 30 wt% of (THPS-urea)_n-(PO₃)(NH₄)₂ (C30) had a limiting oxygen index of 46.8 %. Even after 50 laundering cycles according to the AATCC 61-2013 3A standard, C30 maintained a limiting oxygen index of 39.8 %. Thermogravimetric-Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry, and cone calorimetry tests revealed that C30 exhibited excellent flame retardancy. Upon exposure to flame, C30 formed a stable char layer, which prevented the spread of heat and combustible gases. Additionally, C30 was free of formaldehyde, making it suitable for producing infant textiles. After grafting with the flame retardant, C30 retained its mechanical properties. The high-molecular-weight flame retardant enhanced the flame resistance and durability of cotton materials owing to its numerous N–P(=O) (ONH₄)₂ groups, which facilitated a condensed-phase flame retardancy mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Poly(ethylene glycol) from the conservation of 17th century shipwreck Vasa and associated wooden objects","authors":"Brennan J. Curole ,&nbsp;Malin Sahlstedt ,&nbsp;Scott M. Grayson","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vasa</em>, a Swedish warship that sunk in 1628 and was excavated in 1961, and associated wooden objects underwent a preservation process using various low molecular weights (600, 1500, and 4000 M_n) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to gradually displace the water within the wooden structure, preventing the collapse of the waterlogged wood upon drying. However, after six decades of aging after application, to what extent are these polymers degraded? To investigate this, a Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract PEG from wooden samples of <em>Vasa</em>, and lyophilization was used to dry aqueous PEG solutions, these samples being the runoff accumulated during the application of different molecular weights of PEG to <em>Vasa</em> and other associated wooden objects. These samples underwent analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.</div><div>The primary discovery was that the PEG within <em>Vasa</em> exhibited minimal degradation, with the dominant identified species, as determined by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy, being HO-PEG-OH. However, small quantities of HO-PEG-OH had undergone degradation, resulting in the formation of PEG chains with distinct end groups, notably a range of carbonyl-based compounds, including aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters, as observed through MALDI-TOF MS, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. These mass spectrometry product peaks could be confirmed by the expected mass difference through various end-group functionalizations, such as oxidations, esterifications, or ether formations. In addition to the carbonyl-based degradation products, some PEG chains had completely cleaved into two separate lower molecular weight HO-PEG-OH polymers, each approximately half of their original molecular weight, as revealed by GPC analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111090"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient approach to identifying optimum dosages of the two-component synchronous rejuvenator composite for rejuvenating the aged SBS-modified asphalt","authors":"Peixin Xu ,&nbsp;Derun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyang Liu ,&nbsp;Piergiorgio Tataranni ,&nbsp;Cesare Sangiorgi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconnecting fractured styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer chains and rebalancing unstable colloidal structures of aged pure asphalt using two-component synchronous rejuvenator composite (SRC) are essential for recycling waste SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA) mixtures. This research develops an efficient approach to identify the optimum dosages of SRC through the restoration of FTIR peak area ratios. Based on the FTIR analysis of aged SBSMA rejuvenated by triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) (SBS repair agent) and aromatic oil (pure asphalt component regulation agent), the optimum dosage of TAIC was identified at which the FTIR peak area ratio loss at 968 cm^-1 was completely compensated by the new peak area ratios at 1022 cm^-1 and 1112 cm^-1, while the optimum dosage of aromatic oil was defined at which the loss of FTIR peak area ratios at 1376 cm^-1 and 1600 cm^-1 was fully restored. In line with this principle, seven types of aged SBSMA were prepared and rejuvenated with different dosages of TAIC and aromatic oil incorporated. Through analyzing the FTIR peak area ratios of the prepared aged SBSMAs before and after synchronous rejuvenation, a good linear relationship was found between the optimum TAIC/aromatic oil dosage and the required restoration peak area ratio. The fitting equations of y_TAIC=1.7852x+0.0229 (R²= 0.9616) and y_{Aromatic oil}=2.2809x-0.0109 (R² = 0.9395) were developed for determining the optimum dosages of two-component SRC, respectively. After adding the theoretically derived optimum dosages of TAIC and aromatic oil into three aged SBSMAs, their physical-rheological-microscopic performance was found to be restored around 90 % of the virgin ones, validating the efficiency of the newly proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}