Lifetime prediction of thermo-oxidative degradation of a modified epoxy resin and its glass fiber composite in air atmosphere and correlation with long-term aging behavior

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111686

Martin Demleitner , Lukas Endner , Holger Ruckdäschel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Thermal stability and material degradation are critical aspects of polymers and composites, influencing their processing, operating temperatures and overall lifespan. Due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties, epoxy resins find widespread use in coatings, adhesives, and composites across various industries. This study examines the thermo-oxidative stability of high-Tg epoxy resin and glass fiber composite systems (GFRP), focusing on long-term degradation mechanisms in air atmosphere and kinetic modeling for accurate lifetime predictions. Here, the influence of commonly used additives such as polyethersulfone as toughener, and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi), as flame retardant on the thermo-oxidative degradation and resulting weight loss was investigated.

Model-free kinetic approaches were employed to characterize the thermo-oxidative degradation. In this study, model-free methods such as Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Friedman are used because they offer flexibility and do not require detailed knowledge of the chemical reactions involved. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used for dynamic degradation measurements and weight loss predictions, while oven aging experiments in air atmosphere at three temperatures for up to 1000 h were conducted to verify the predictions.

The study highlights the challenges in extrapolating short-term degradation data to long-term behavior, especially under oxidative conditions. It also explores the influence of various additives and fiber reinforcement on thermo-oxidative stability, with the goal of enhancing future material formulations for high-performance applications. Additionally, it provides improved insight into the predictability of a material’s lifespan.

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改性环氧树脂及其玻璃纤维复合材料在空气中热氧化降解的寿命预测及其与长期老化行为的关系

热稳定性和材料降解是聚合物和复合材料的关键方面，影响其加工，工作温度和整体寿命。由于其优异的机械和热性能，环氧树脂广泛应用于各种行业的涂料、粘合剂和复合材料中。本研究考察了高tg环氧树脂和玻璃纤维复合材料系统（GFRP）的热氧化稳定性，重点研究了空气大气中的长期降解机制和准确寿命预测的动力学建模。本文研究了常用的增韧剂聚醚砜和阻燃剂磷酸二乙酯铝（AlPi）对热氧化降解和减重的影响。采用无模型动力学方法表征热氧化降解。在这项研究中，使用了Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Friedman等无模型方法，因为它们提供了灵活性，并且不需要详细了解所涉及的化学反应。热重分析（TGA）用于动态降解测量和减重预测，并在空气中进行了三种温度下长达1000 h的烤箱老化实验来验证预测。该研究强调了将短期降解数据外推到长期行为的挑战，特别是在氧化条件下。它还探讨了各种添加剂和纤维增强对热氧化稳定性的影响，目标是增强高性能应用的未来材料配方。此外，它还提供了更好的洞察材料寿命的可预测性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.