Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"How does DOPO flame retard polybutylene succinate? An in-depth mechanism investigation","authors":"Chi Hu ,&nbsp;Serge Bourbigot ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Fontaine","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) is an efficient phosphorus-based flame retardant which may act in the gas phase to flame retard polyesters. When it was incorporated at 10wt% loading in polybutylene succinate (PBS), it was observed, in mass loss cone test (MLC) that the time to ignition (TTI) was dramatically increased from 119 s to 467 s and 2206 s under a heat flux of 35 kW/m² and 25 kW/m² respectively. Various techniques have been used to investigate its mode of action. Mass spectra (MS) results indicate that the sublimation and thermal decomposition products of DOPO are formed in the gas phase. A large quantity of combustible gases (mainly tetrahydrofuran and succinic anhydride) was observed before ignition by an in-situ infrared spectra combining with MLC (IR-MLC). Therefore, decomposition/sublimation products of DOPO have a strong flame poisoning effect that prevents the material's ignition until the combustible gases reach a critical concentration and ignite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation behavior of nitrocellulose in imidazole aqueous solution","authors":"Huihui Xue ,&nbsp;Alei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinguang Wu ,&nbsp;Yajun Ding ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrocellulose (NC)-based materials can take years to degrade considerably in nature. One of the most promising NC waste treatment methods is inorganic base hydrolysis. In this work, the degradation mechanism of NC in an aqueous solution of imidazole, an organic base, had been constructed. The results showed that imidazole can cause denitration, ring opening, and oxygen bridge breaking in NC; eventually, NC was completely degraded. In this process, the denitration of vicinal nitrates generated nitrite and carbonyl groups, while the denitration of isolated nitrates produced nitrate and hydroxyl groups. The molar ratio of nitrite to nitrate in the reaction solution increased from 2.77 to 4.44 and finally decreased to 1.97 with time. The reaction rate of the nitrate group and oxygen bridge at the early stages of the reaction was as follows: vicinal nitrate's denitrification &gt; isolated nitrate's denitrification &gt; oxygen bridge breaking. Moreover, imidazole's diffusion rate gradually decreased as the reaction progressed, eventually balancing with the rate for complete degradation of NC. Meanwhile, the degree of crystallinity of remaining NC gradually increased, whereas the nitrogen content and relative number-average molecular weight of remaining NC gradually decreased from 13.52 % and 139,212 to 11.57 % and 3721; they ultimately maintained balance. The apparent morphology of NC fibers changed as cracks initially formed, then cracks progressively enlarged to produce fiber fragments, and eventually NC vanished entirely in the solution. The degradation of NC by imidazole potentially supports the one-step biochemical treatment of NC waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 111300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) exposed to extreme ultraviolet laser radiation: A relationship between the high-energy photo-decomposition of the polymer and the mass spectra of emitted ions","authors":"L. Vyšín ,&nbsp;J. Chalupský ,&nbsp;L.A. Rush ,&nbsp;L. Fekete ,&nbsp;J. Bulička ,&nbsp;P. Mojzeš ,&nbsp;Z. Kuglerová ,&nbsp;J. Krása ,&nbsp;L. Juha ,&nbsp;J.J. Rocca ,&nbsp;C.S. Menoni","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the fluence-dependent fragmentation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) when irradiated with focused extreme ultraviolet (EUV) 26.4-eV photons, using an extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometer (EUV LA-MS). Our findings reveal two critical fluence thresholds: the ablation threshold fluence (<em>F_th</em>=9 mJ·cm⁻²), after which the material begins to desorb and ionize nonthermally, and the transition fluence (<em>F_tr</em>=110 mJ·cm⁻²), where the interaction shifts to a thermal regime characterized by a nonlinear response in crater formation. The new nonlinear response function recovery (NoReFry) algorithm was used to reconstruct the dose-response curve, using detailed topographical data from atomic force microscopy scans of the ablated craters, enhancing estimation of beam fluence during the experiments. The mass spectra obtained during ablation showed distinct fragmentation pathways that evolve with fluence. Nonthermal conditions primarily produce small fragments, including short-chain ions and gaseous species, while the thermal regime allows for greater fragmentation complexity and the formation of higher molecular weight species. Using experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations, we compared the effects of nano- and femtosecond pulses on the ablation threshold of PMMA. Comprehensive analysis of the mass spectra highlights the dynamics of photoinduced processes, providing insight into the ablation and ionization mechanisms critical for applications in materials processing with EUV radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent starch/chitosan composites as safe and photoprotective coverings for perishable food products","authors":"Dagmara Bajer","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perishable product quality and shelf life (e.g., fresh fruit and vegetables) may be partially controlled process by employing intelligent packaging. Protecting food from light, which quickly initiates food spoilage, prompting its chemical, enzymatic, and physical modification, plays a crucial role in packaging functions. In the present research, environmentally safe starch-chitosan films enriched with dialdehyde starch and fluorescent dyes (fluorescein/Rose Bengal) exhibiting UV radiation absorption properties were designed. Such networks formed of biopolymers and fluorescein/Rose Bengal may limit direct ¹O₂ attacks. The starch changes its crystallinity degree (X_c) from 17.4 % in starch film, to 19.6 % for starch-chitosan (SCh) film and 26,4 % for starch-chitosan-dialdehyde starch (SChDS) mixture. When modified with dyes its maximal drop was 13.9 % (Starch/chitosan/dialdehyde starch/Rose Bengal film; RSChDS), and the increase to 24 % for starch/chitosan/dialdehyde starch/fluorescein film (FSChDS) was observed. Mixtures with fluorescein were more resistant to bending than those with Rose Bengal. SEM images demonstrate good structural integrity of the samples (with the exception of starch/chitosan/ Rose Bengal film, RSCh). Spectroscopic studies (UV–Vis, FTIR-ATR, Raman, XRD, NMR) confirmed the interaction between blend components (covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonding). Competitive oxidation reactions, chromophore formation, dye photolysis, and conformational changes of starch were observed after prolonged UV-light irradiation. The type of dye and irradiation insignificantly modify the thermal resistance of the samples. UV-light influenced increased surface roughness of the FS and FSChDS samples, and the opposite effect (smoothing the surface) for RS and RSChDS blends. Dialdehyde starch (DS) promoted cross-linking between the mixture components. It improved the flexibility of the films (most in the case of samples with fluorescein) but also limited the susceptibility to UV radiation. Coatings of starch/chitosan/dialdehyde starch/fluorescein (FSChDS) appear to be good blockers for sunlight, protecting food products against accelerated spoilage. Such coatings may be applied to the broadly understood packaging industry for light-sensitive and perishable food, cosmetics, and medicine products, such as lipids and vitamins, to protect against UV radiation and the influence of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 111317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a DOPO-based flame retardant with pendant chains for enhanced polyurethane elastomers","authors":"Yiqing Yao ,&nbsp;Jing Man ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Gu ,&nbsp;Zefu Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongfei Li ,&nbsp;Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Dan Meng ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Quanxiao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane elastomers (PUE) with viscoelastic properties are extensively used in rail transit due to their versatility. However, enhancing their flame retardancy and damping performance remains a challenge, particularly when relying on the introduction of additives. In this work, we synthesized a novel reactive flame retardant, 1,4-bis-DOPO- (1,4-bis(((1‑hydroxy-2-ethylethyl) amino) methyl) benzene) (PABD), which incorporates both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) elements, along with pendant chains. PABD was then used to produce high-performance flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers (PUE-PABD). Flammability testing revealed that PUE-PABD₁₅ achieved excellent flame retardancy, passing the UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.1 %. Compared to that of unmodified PUE, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of PUE-PABD₁₅ were reduced by 82.6 % and 49.5 %, respectively, while the peak smoke production rate and total smoke production were lowered by 70.7 %. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed an increase in tanδmax from 0.39 to 0.74, with the effective damping temperature range broadening from 29.3 °C to 54.1 °C. This improvement was attributed to the pendant chains, which reduced phase separation between hard and soft segments. Moreover, the incorporation of 15.0 wt. % PABD increased the tensile strength of PUE by 108.5 %, which was due to enhanced hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking from the benzene ring groups. This work lays a foundation for the development of high-performance polyurethane materials suitable for advanced rail transit applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111302"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived poly(lactic acid) and poly(3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol sebacate) alternating multiblock copolymers with improved marine biodegradability and mechanical properties","authors":"Atsuki Takagi ,&nbsp;Yu-I Hsu ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Uyama","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reliance on fossil resources and the mismanagement of waste owing to the rapid increase in plastic production have led to serious environmental problems, particularly global marine pollution. In recent years, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been widely used as a biomass plastic to replace petroleum-based materials. However, the biodegradation of PLA is limited to composting environments and its brittle nature limits its application. This study aimed to synthesize a biomass-based PLA and poly(3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol sebacic acid) (PMPDSe)-diol copolymer and evaluate its marine biodegradability and mechanical properties. PLA was copolymerized with PMPDSe-diol to obtain the triblock copolymer PLA-PMPDSe-PLA, which was then chain-extended with hexamethylene diisocyanate to form an alternating multiblock (PLA-<em>alt</em>-PMPDSe) copolymer. Because of their regular arrangement, the thermal and mechanical properties could be controlled by varying the length of the PLA chains, compared with random multiblock (PLA-<em>ran</em>-PMPDSe) copolymers. In particular, when 61 % or 71 % PLA was included, the films had higher elongation at break (331 %–518 %) and toughness than PLA and PLA-<em>ran</em>-PMPDSe copolymers. Biodegradability was the highest when 54 % PLA was used, and the films disintegrated in compost and seawater. In seawater, the molecular weight decreased to 45 % in three months, and the biodegradability was confirmed to be &gt;17 % in two months. Furthermore, the PLA-<em>alt</em>-PMPDSe copolymer exhibited a contact angle of over 83°, which is equivalent to that of PLA and could be used as a film. This polymer has a wide range of applications and will contribute to the development of sustainable bioplastics and address plastic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The thermal behavior of multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol/polyurea hybrid hydrogel prepared from oligomers with urea linkage","authors":"Ali Aflatounian,&nbsp;Maryam Sharzehee,&nbsp;Hassan Agha Mashroteh","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative hybrid hydrogel with antibacterial properties and high heat resistance has been developed. This new hydrogel is created by crosslinking urea linkage oligomer (ULO) with PVA polymer.</div><div>The ULO is produced through a condensation reaction in a molten state, using sulfamic acid, phosphorous acid, and urea. The polymer film is prepared in an aqueous environment by mixing the materials, molding, and applying heat pressing.</div><div>The characterization of hydrogel was reported using an SEM microscope, ion chromatography technique, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, and LOI analysis. After heat pressing and crosslinking, polyurea networks, mineral salt particles; ammonium sulfate, phosphates, nitrates, and melamine are identified through the polymer layer, and the heat resistance of polymer films is enhanced. The study focused on the products generated during the pyrolysis process. Flammable volatile gases released from the samples were affected by the amounts of raw materials used and the production conditions. The most flammable gases from PVA decomposition include acetaldehyde, 2-butenal, and 2,4-hexadienal. The active and combustible gases from urea and its oligomers are cyanic acid and cyanamide. These samples' thermal pyrolysis enthalpy was calculated from the DSC curve and discussed. The modified polymer demonstrates excellent flame-retardant properties, with an LOI of 48 % and a char content of 37.28 % at 500 °C. The mechanism by which this urea oligomer controls ignition through the dilution of volatile gases, the production of a resistant foam coating, and the formation of carbon char remains debatable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 111291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding degradation mechanism for long-term natural weathering of building silicone sealant to guide future façade design, inspection, and accelerated testing methods","authors":"Felipe Basquiroto de Souza ,&nbsp;Jayrold Bautista ,&nbsp;Anthoni Giam ,&nbsp;Chia Wen Wong ,&nbsp;Sze Dai Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicone sealants play a central role in the structural integrity and sealing performance of modern building façades. Yet, due to its relatively recent implementation in construction, little is known about its long-term degradation behavior in building contexts. Herein, we analyzed the degradation mechanisms of silicone sealants exposed to more than three decades of natural weathering in a high-rise tower façade. Our findings revealed that acid rain is the most detrimental factor to the silicone material – leading to the dissolution of the filler particles and inducing hole defects and microscale cracking. At a slower rate, the weathering exposure also led to the deterioration of the silicon-carbon atomic structure. The observed degradation led to a marked decrease in elongation capacity and an increase in the modulus of elasticity of the material. Nonetheless, the visual appearance and mechanical properties of the weathered sample still conformed with performance standards – reiterating the excellent durability of silicone in building assets. Overall, the obtained knowledge serves as a reference for future weathering studies on silicone and similar elastomeric materials as well as guide future façade design and inspection guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ti3C2Tx/layered double hydroxide hybrid system decorated with iron-loaded polydopamine as a hydrophobic flame retardant for reducing the fire hazard of ethylene-vinyl acetate","authors":"Weidou Li ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Zihan Zeng ,&nbsp;Yile Ding ,&nbsp;Xinyang Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Wufei Tang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiayao Zhou ,&nbsp;Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, MXene (Ti₃C₂Tx) has been extensively studied and used in polymer composites. However, MXene easily agglomerates in polymeric materials and has significant limitations in compatibility with hydrophobic polymers, resulting in the impairment of their mechanical properties and greatly hindering the improvement of their flame retardant properties. In this study, in order to improve the interfacial compatibility of the flame retardant with EVA, we prepared a Ti₃C₂Tx/MgAl LDH/PDA-Fe composite flame retardant by loading iron-loaded polydopamine (PDA-Fe) on the surface of Ti₃C₂Tx/layered double hydroxide (MgAl LDH) using polydopamine as an adhesive. Due to the strong adhesion of PDA, the interfacial compatibility between the flame retardant and EVA was greatly improved. And the hydrophobicity of Ti₃C₂Tx/MgAl LDH/PDA-Fe was greatly enhanced with a water contact angle value of 88.6°, which further enhanced the flame retardant properties of the EVA composites. The peak heat release rate of the EVA composites with the addition of 5 wt% Ti₃C₂Tx/MgAl LDH/PDA-Fe was 659.7 kW·m⁻², which represented a 29.1 % decrease compared to that of Neat EVA. In addition, the MgAl LDH inhibited the accumulation of Ti₃C₂Tx in EVA, and their synergistic effect improved the fire safety of EVA composites. Thus, this study provides a new paradigm for the preparation of hydrophobic flame retardants capable of improving interfacial compatibility with EVA, which has a promising application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the liquid oxygen compatibility of epoxy resin by introducing a novel phosphorus / sulfur-containing flame retardant","authors":"Rui Yin ,&nbsp;Yuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Jia Yan ,&nbsp;Jialiang Li ,&nbsp;Duo Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Shichao Li ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compatibility between epoxy resin with liquid oxygen (LOX) plays the critical role in the application of resin-based composite to LOX tanks of launch vehicles. A novel phosphorus/sulfur-containing flame retardant (DPAMT) was synthesized via a facile one-pot method with DOPO, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and used to enhance the LOX compatibility of epoxy resin. The chemical structure of DPAMT was confirmed by FTIR spectra, ¹H NMR and ³¹P NMR spectra. The impact reaction sensitivity (IRS) index of modified epoxy resin decreased with increasing DPAMT content and reached zero (means being compatible with LOX) when the DPAMT content was up to 6 wt.%. TGA, LOI values, UL-94 test, Cone calorimeter test (CCT), XPS of residues after LOX impact and pyrolysis behavior of DPAMT were investigated to explore the mechanism of DPAMT affecting the LOX compatibility of epoxy resin. The results showed that DPAMT endowed epoxy resin with enhanced thermal stability and excellent flame retardancy. When the modified epoxy resin suffered impacts, the S·, PO· and PO₂· radicals as well as SO₂ exserting quenching effect by reacting with the active H·, OH· and O· radicals were released. Meanwhile, the P-containing acids and S-containing acids generated promoted the dehydration and carbonization of the epoxy resin to form protective charring layer. It was considered that the synthesized DPAMT was an effective addictive of epoxy resin to enhance the compatibility with LOX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 111296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}