Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Whole biomass interface engineering: Construction of flame retardant and high-strength carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites via layer by layer self-assembly","authors":"Mingyu Li ,&nbsp;Haojie Shi ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Su ,&nbsp;Lingxin He ,&nbsp;Wenwen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (CFRP) as a new type of functional material, it is widely used in various engineering material fields on account of its high strength and light weight. However, due to the inherent flammability of the base material, the fire risk of CFRP is greatly increased and hinders the safety of CFRP in the actual application process. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out flame retardant modification of CFRP. Herein, the biomass coatings (CS/PA) were alternately deposited on the surface of carbon fiber cloth by an absolutely environmentally friendly and convenient layer by layer self-assembly method. The flame retardant CFRP (CS/PA@CFRP) was further prepared by hand-layup method. TGA results showed that CS/PA@CFRP exhibited better thermal stability and char forming performance, the char residues were increased by 229.94% (air atmosphere) and 263.67% (N₂ atmosphere) compared with Control respectively. Meanwhile, CS/PA@CFRP performed outstanding mechanical properties. The flexural strength reached 507.6 MPa and tensile strength increased to 633.3 MPa respectively. In the flammability evaluation, the CS/PA@CFRP composite demonstrated exceptional fire resistance, attaining UL-94 V-0 ranking with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.0%. Cone calorimetry corroborated these findings, revealing significant suppression of critical combustion parameters: peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced to 187.59 kW/m², 32.95 MJ/m², and 9.02 m², respectively. The heat release and flue gas release were significantly lower than the comparison samples. To brief, this work achieved the interface modification of composite materials through a new type of environmentally friendly biomass modification and significantly improved the flame retardant properties of composite materials, which is expected to become a novel generation of engineering materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent innovations in graphene-based nanocomposite coatings for enhanced flame retardancy in industrial applications","authors":"Priyadharshini A,&nbsp;Joseph Raj Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-based nanocomposite coatings have emerged as a promising solution for flame-retardant applications in industrial sectors due to their exceptional thermal stability, high surface area, and superior barrier properties. These coatings enhance fire resistance by creating protective char layers, reducing heat release rates, and limiting the spread of flames. Recent innovations focus on incorporating graphene with polymers, metal oxides, and other nanomaterials to achieve synergistic flame-retardant effects, while also improving mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and environmental sustainability. Advanced fabrication techniques—such as solution blending, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, plasma-assisted deposition, and 3D printing—enable effective integration and precise control over coating structure and performance. Among these, solution blending stands out for its simplicity, scalability, and ability to ensure uniform dispersion of graphene within polymer matrices. Moreover, the integration of graphene-based coatings with smart sensing technologies allows real-time monitoring of thermal degradation, enhancing safety in critical industrial applications such as aerospace, construction, and manufacturing. This review highlights the latest advancements in graphene-enhanced flame-retardant coatings, discussing their mechanisms, fabrication strategies, and industrial potential. Future research directions should focus on cost-effective large-scale production, environmental impact assessment, and multifunctional applications to optimize fire protection in modern industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal ageing of PP-EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizate: Multiscale study and kinetic modeling","authors":"Ibou Ndour ,&nbsp;Quentin Mougne ,&nbsp;Marie France Falzon ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Richaud","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a multi-scale study of the impact of thermal ageing of thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) obtained by blending a thermoplastic matrix (polypropylene), plasticizer, and dispersed crosslinked EPDM rubber particles. This study focuses on the case of TPV without pigments or stabilizers. The thermal ageing was mainly monitored by Fourier transform infrared and thermal analysis, to identify oxidation products and their kinetics of appearance, and GPC analysis performed on extracted PP fraction of the TPV. Data indicated that EPDM phase oxidizes first which drives degradation of the TPV. Appearance changes were characterized by colorimetry and gloss. Oxidation leads to strong changes of mechanical properties and aspect properties observed from the early hours of ageing, yellowing (change of Δb*) being also induced by the plasticizer. Yellowing reached unacceptable level (regarding the requirements for exterior automotive parts) before mechanical properties. The oxidation of EPDM and TPV was thus simulated by a kinetic model based on kinetic parameters already available in the literature. Its validity was verified by its capability to simulate the appearance of primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (carbonyls) oxidation products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electron beam radiation and annealing on the crystallinity and tensile properties of a 3D-printed PLA-based material","authors":"A. Arias-Blanco ,&nbsp;G. Tataru ,&nbsp;M. Marco ,&nbsp;M.H. Miguélez ,&nbsp;X. Coqueret","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article reports on the influence of electron beam irradiation on the tensile properties and crystallinity of 3D-printed PLA-based materials. Monitoring the evolution of key tensile properties as a function of dose confirmed the detrimental effects of irradiation with a typical loss of about 50 % of tensile strength and ultimate displacement after a 75 kGy treatment. Particular attention was paid on the nature of crystalline domains and degree of crystallinity χ in samples analyzed by calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry, as obtained after 3D-printing, after irradiation and after annealing in optimized conditions. The χ value in irradiated samples was shown to initially increase from 19 to 24 % and return to 19 % at 100 kGy before a stronger decay at 300 kGy. The maximum crystallization capacity of the same samples was much higher (χ&gt;60 %) within this dose range. Crystallinity can therefore be adjusted after irradiation with possible beneficial effects to mitigate the undesired impact of irradiation. For samples irradiated at 75 kGy with a loss of 50–60 % on tensile strength and ultimate displacement, part of the mechanical damage due to irradiation was recovered by soft annealing at 60 °C, increasing the tensile strength by 20 % and ultimate displacement by 50 %. This remarkable result can be interpreted by considering the particular sensitivity to the evolution of tie chains. While chain scission under radiation is effective and mechanically impactful in domains closed to crystallites, chemi-crystallization is believed to occur with partial healing of the damages due to chain scission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility and degradation mechanisms of common aircraft sealing rubbers in C6F12O mixed systems: An integrated experimental and molecular dynamics study","authors":"Hao Yan,&nbsp;Yali Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (C₆F₁₂O) is widely used in fire suppression systems due to its high extinguishing efficiency. However, during deployment, it can undergo hydrolysis in trace moisture, generating perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), which may degrade sealing materials and compromise system reliability. In this study, the compatibility and degradation behavior of C₆F₁₂O with three common aerospace elastomers - chloroprene rubber (CR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ) - were systematically investigated under varying moisture contents (100–10,000 ppm) and temperatures (25 °C and 55 °C). Degradation behavior and interfacial interactions were analyzed through high-throughput aging in contact with chemicals experiments, physical and mechanical properties evaluations (including weight, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and cross-link density), surface morphology analysis, elemental and functional group characterization, liquid-phase analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results revealed that degradation severity increased with both moisture content and temperature, following the order CR &gt; HNBR &gt; FVMQ. All rubbers exhibited surface enrichment of C-F bonds. MD simulations show that PFPrA strongly adsorbs onto polar groups (<em>C</em> = <em>C</em>, C<img>Cl, C<img>N) in rubber via physical interactions, promoting interfacial accumulation and migration that may compromise stability. In contrast, its weak affinity for the inert Si-O backbone in FVMQ contributes to its superior resistance to degradation. The combined experimental and simulation results demonstrate that FVMQ exhibits the best chemical compatibility, making it the most suitable sealing material for aircraft fire suppression systems and ensuring long-term operational reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covalent bonding of chlorinated triazine phytate ester for flame-retardant modification of silk fabric with improved washing durability","authors":"Chang Wu ,&nbsp;Wei-Lin He ,&nbsp;Kui Pan ,&nbsp;Xian-Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jin-Ping Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by X-type reactive dyes, this study synthesized the chlorinated triazine phytate ester (CTPE) via esterification and nucleophilic substitution by using biomass phytic acid, ethanolamine, and cyanuric chloride. CTPE was then applied to silk fabrics through the facile adsorption process to impart flame retardancy. The chemical structure, crosslinking mechanism, FR properties, washing durability, thermal stability, and combustion behavior of the modified silk fabrics were systematically investigated. The modified silk fabric exhibited self-extinguishing behavior with a high limiting oxygen index of 33.7 % and a reduced damaged length of 8.7 cm. Covalent crosslinking between CTPE and silk fibers ensured FR durability, maintaining performance after 20 washing cycles. The CTPE modification significantly reduced heat and smoke release of silk fabric, lowering the peak heat release rate and total smoke production by 49.7 % and 77.7 %, respectively. The char residue analyses confirmed a condensed-phase FR mechanism, while the physical properties of silk fabrics remained largely intact. This study provides an efficient and eco-friendly approach to enhancing the flame retardancy of silk fabrics, combining sustainability with high-performance FR functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111470"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stacked graphene oxide and bio-sourced polyelectrolyte complexes thin coating for fire safe and sound absorbing flexible foams","authors":"Lorenza Maddalena ,&nbsp;Louena Shtrepi ,&nbsp;Massimo Marcioni ,&nbsp;Alberto Fina ,&nbsp;Federico Carosio","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water based approaches aimed at the reduction of open cell foam flammability currently suffer from limited efficiency and practicability. In order to address this issue, this paper exploits the unique features of bio-sourced polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) and high aspect ratio graphene oxide (GO), to deliver an efficient and high performing solution to foam flammability. To this aim, PECs encompassing gelatin and phytic acid were deposited on a brick-and-mortar graphene oxide polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer. This simple two-step deposition produces a stacked GO-PAA/PECs conformal coating on the 3D structure of the foam. The assembly produces a self-extinguishing behaviour during flammability tests in vertical configuration. The heat release rates are also reduced up to 50 % as assessed by forced combustion tests at 35 kW/m². This set of FR properties has never been achieved before with such low number of deposition steps. In addition, the sound absorbing properties of the coated foams were evaluated by impedance tube tests, highlighting how these foams could find application as fire-safe sound-absorbing panel. The proposed approach thus represents an efficient step forward in the design of multifunctional fire-safe foams with potential industrial scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phosphaphenanthrene-grafted cyclosiloxane in combination with diatomite for flame retardant epoxy resins with excellent comprehensive properties","authors":"Ze-Tao Xiao ,&nbsp;Marzhan Akhmetova ,&nbsp;Hao-Jie Shi ,&nbsp;Amirbek Bekeshev ,&nbsp;Sanimai Uzakbaeva ,&nbsp;Nurgul Zhanturina ,&nbsp;Zukhra Aimaganbetova ,&nbsp;Yuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The core shortcomings of commercial epoxy resins (EPs), especially DGEBA-type epoxy thermosets, are their flammability and brittleness, which restrict their applications. Therefore, improving the flame retardancy of EPs has research significance and application value. In this study, an organic -inorganic synergistic flame retardant strategy was applied to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy thermosets. The inorganic flame retardant used was diatomite (DM) before and after modification with a phosphorus-containing silane coupling agent (DOPO-KH560), and phosphorus-containing cyclosiloxane (DOPO-4Si) was used as the organic component. The as-prepared EP composites had excellent comprehensive properties. The limiting oxygen indices (LOIs) of EP/DOPO-4Si-1.0P and EP/(DOPO-4Si+mDM) reached 30.5 % and 28.5 %, respectively, and the V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test. In addition, the modified EP composites resulted in a lower heat release rate and smoke release rate. Compared with those of EP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP/(DOPO-4Si+mDM) were 38.9 % and 19.3 % lower, respectively. In addition to their flame retardant properties, the modified epoxy composites also exhibited good strengths. Specifically, the tensile and impact strengths of EP/DOPO-4Si-1.0P reached 47.5 MPa and 52.7 kJ/m², respectively, whereas those of EP/(DOPO-4Si+mDM) were 42.7 MPa and 27.2 kJ/m², respectively. In addition, the flame retardancy mechanisms of EP composites were compared via the analysis of char residues and pyrolysis products. This work proposed a new method for the application of organic-inorganic synergistic flame retardant systems in the preparation of high-performance EP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly tunable platinum-based catalysts: Dual control of shelf stability and thermal degradation behavior in silicone rubber","authors":"Dingsong Wang ,&nbsp;Wanyan Li ,&nbsp;Jingjing Qin ,&nbsp;Youwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyan Liang ,&nbsp;Chaolong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a phosphorus-containing monofunctional silicone (PMS) was synthesized through an epoxy ring-opening reaction between 1,3-bis(3-glycidoxypropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (M^goM^go) and (diphenylphosphino) benzoic acid (DPPBA). Subsequently, phosphino-modified MQ silicone resins (PSR) with tailored functionalization characteristics were synthesized utilizing the PMS, followed by systematic evaluation of their effect of shelf stability in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) curing systems. The influence of (1) phosphorus (P): platinum (Pt) ratio, (2) functionalization duration, and (3) M/Q ratio of PSR on platinum catalyst activity, along with the underlying mechanisms, were systematically investigated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Experimental analyses demonstrate that adjustment of the previous three key parameters exerts precise control over the inhibitory properties within PSR, resulting in a highly tunable latency of the Pt catalysts. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed that the incorporation of PSR increased the residual rate of LSR by 18.99 % at 800 °C. TG-FTIR investigations further demonstrate that the PSR significantly promotes the organic-to-inorganic conversion of LSR. Characterization of the thermal stability of the Pt catalyst and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the LSR residues at 800 °C revealed that the PSR effectively stabilizes atomically dispersed Pt. This stabilization decelerates platinum aggregation at elevated temperatures through strong ligand bonding, thereby enhancing the catalytic efficiency of Pt at 800 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop recycling of polyester-cotton blended fabrics through dissolution-precipitation pretreatment and enzymatic depolymerization","authors":"Jianqi Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Wenyao Wang ,&nbsp;Biao Wu ,&nbsp;Jinhong Deng ,&nbsp;Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhou ,&nbsp;Weiliang Dong ,&nbsp;Min Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of waste polyester-cotton blended fabrics (PCB) is confronted with challenges due to the different chemical properties of each component and their intertwined structure. Herein, PCBs were degraded into monomers through room-temperature dissolution-precipitation pretreatment and enzymatic depolymerization. Polyester was selectively dissolved and separated from PCB and then precipitated in anti-solvent. The influence of the dissolved PET concentration on the recovery, particle size, and crystallinity of precipitated PET was investigated. The precipitated PET exhibited nanometer size and low crystallinity of 7.8 %, which significantly accelerated the enzymatic depolymerization. The separated cotton fibers from PCB were also enzymatically depolymerized into glucose. At last, real-world PCBs with different component ratios and colors were successfully converted through this approach. This research provides a promising method for closed-loop recycling of PCB wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 111461"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}