A durable flame retardant system of phosphate with hydroxyl groups and cross-linking agent for cotton fabrics

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111655

Tian Li, Hejun Li, Jieyu Wei, Guangming Sun, Fayu Sun, Hui Xu, Yonghua Lu, Guangxian Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cotton fabrics are highly flammable and cause serious fire hazards. To mitigate fire hazards, the flame retardant DPTE was synthesized from diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphoric acid and triethanolamine. DPTE grafted onto cotton fabrics via a novel cross-linking agent DPGE and imparted cotton fabrics with exceptional flame retardancy and high durability. The treated fabrics (FRC30) achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 37.7 % and showed only 50.0 mm of damage length. Peak heat release rate of FRC30 decreased by 61.53 % to control cotton fabrics (CCF). After 50 intense laundering cycles, the FRC30 still had a LOI of 29.7 % and passed VFT easily. The treated cotton fabric exhibits excellent stability, due to the efficient esterification reaction between compounds containing polyphosphate groups and polyols, as well as the stable C–O–C covalent bonds. Thermogravimetric-Fourier Transform Infrared (TG-FTIR) spectroscopy showed that decomposition of FRC30 started earlier, and the volatile combustible gases were drastically reduced. After VFT burning, the char residue of FRC retained the intact structure of cotton fabric, confirming the condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. Moreover, the tensile strength (weft) increased by 20.10 % and the air permeability increased by 78.31 % due to the grafting of the cross-linking agent. Using dicyandiamide to promote efficient esterification between compounds containing phosphate groups and polyols, and grafting the resulting esters onto cellulose via C–O–C covalent bonds through a crosslinking agent, was an effective technique to get durable, formaldehyde-free flame-retardant cotton fabrics.

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一种含羟基磷酸盐和交联剂的棉织物持久阻燃体系

棉织物是高度易燃的，并造成严重的火灾隐患。为降低火灾危险性，以二乙烯三胺五亚甲基磷酸和三乙醇胺为原料合成了阻燃剂DPTE。通过新型交联剂DPGE将DPTE接枝到棉织物上，使棉织物具有优异的阻燃性和高耐久性。处理后织物（FRC30）的极限氧指数（LOI）为37.7%，损伤长度仅为50.0 mm。FRC30对棉织物（CCF）的峰值放热率降低61.53%。经过50个剧烈的洗涤循环后，FRC30的LOI仍为29.7%，并轻松通过了VFT。处理后的棉织物表现出优异的稳定性，这是由于含有多磷酸基团的化合物与多元醇之间有效的酯化反应，以及稳定的C-O-C共价键。热重-傅里叶变换红外（TG-FTIR）光谱分析表明，FRC30的分解开始较早，挥发性可燃气体大幅减少。经VFT燃烧后，FRC的炭渣保留了棉织物的完整结构，证实了其凝聚相阻燃机理。此外，由于交联剂的接枝，拉伸强度（纬向）提高了20.10%，透气性提高了78.31%。利用双氰胺促进含磷酸基化合物与多元醇之间的酯化反应，并通过交联剂将生成的酯通过C-O-C共价键接枝到纤维素上，是获得耐久、无甲醛阻燃棉织物的有效技术。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.