Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Bioinspired delayed-exposure Co3O4@ZIF-8 nanoreactor for decoupled charring and CO oxidation in polypropylene composites","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi He ,&nbsp;Yingjie Li ,&nbsp;Fukai Chu ,&nbsp;Yanbei Hou ,&nbsp;Weizhao Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Song ,&nbsp;Yuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional intumescent flame retardants typically generate localized hypoxic environments within the char layer, leading to incomplete carbonization and substantial CO emission, particularly in intrinsically flammable polyolefins. Metal oxides, owing to their high catalytic activity and tunable redox states, have emerged as promising additives for smoke suppression and toxicity mitigation in polyolefin systems. However, excessive catalytic activity can concurrently accelerate oxidative decomposition of the protective char. Inspired by the protective architecture and stimuli-responsive release of natural seeds, we report a bioinspired interfacial chemical engineering strategy to construct a core–shell Co₃O₄@ZIF-8 catalyst. This confinement architecture enables spatiotemporal decoupling of char formation and CO oxidation. During early combustion, the catalyst facilitates the rapid formation of a compact char barrier serving as an efficient thermal shield. Upon reaching elevated temperatures, Co₃O₄ becomes exposed via the ZIF-8 carrier, efficiently catalyzing CO oxidation and markedly reducing toxic emissions. This strategy achieves a 91.7 % reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR), an 83.9 % decrease in total heat release (THR), and a 54.1 % reduction in CO emission, while delivering outstanding flame-retardant performance (LOI=32 %, UL-94 V-0 rating). Collectively, this work establishes a bioinspired core–shell confined catalyst for simultaneous fire safety and toxicity suppression in flame-retardant polypropylene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111668"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustered aluminum alkylphosphinate composite flame retardant system enhancing mechanism of fire safety in styrene-butadiene copolymer","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Botao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Wang Xi ,&nbsp;Lijun Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study constructed a composite flame-retardant system by combining an aluminum alkylphosphinate flame retardant with cluster aggregation characteristics (CATP) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) for flame-retardant modification of acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene (ABS). The flame-retardant performance and mechanisms of this system were systematically investigated. The results indicated that when the CATP/ADP mass ratio was 2:8 with a total loading of 28 wt. %, the ABS composite achieved an LOI value of 35.6 % and passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 73 % and 40 % respectively, compared to neat ABS. Investigation into the flame-retardant mechanism revealed that CATP/ADP released PO• radicals during decomposition, quenching the combustion chain reactions in the gas phase. Simultaneously, CATP promoted the formation of a continuous and compact char layer that covered the substrate, inhibiting heat transfer. Furthermore, phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al) elements become enriched within this char layer, enhancing its barrier effect. This demonstrates a dual-phase synergistic flame-retardant effect involving both gas-phase and condensed-phase mechanisms. In the glow wire test, the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) and glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) of the CATP/ADP/ABS sample reached 750 °C and 775 °C, respectively. This represented a significant improvement over pure ABS, demonstrating excellent fire safety performance. Furthermore, regarding mechanical properties, the composite system exhibits tensile strength (26–27 MPa) higher than that of the single ADP system (21–22 MPa). However, the impact strength decreases (7.3–7.7 kJ/m²) due to disruption of the rubber phase structure. In summary, this study provided both a theoretical foundation and technical support for the development of high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant ABS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111674"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale study of the mechanical response at carbon fiber/matrix interphase under moisture-saturated conditions: Insights from molecular dynamics and finite element simulations","authors":"Wangdong Guan ,&nbsp;Bin Luo ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wei ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Suo ,&nbsp;Hui Cheng ,&nbsp;Yuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moisture‑saturated carbon fiber/matrix interphase exhibits intricate multi‑scale physical gradients that hinder the separation of its inherent properties from moisture‑driven behaviors, limiting direct insight and comprehensive mechanical characterization. To address this, a multi-scale numerical analytical method integrating molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element (FE) simulations was developed to investigate the degradation of mechanical properties and multi-scale damage mechanisms in carbon fiber/matrix interphase under moisture‑saturated conditions. The finite-thickness interphase was homogenized via an exponential gradient model incorporating moisture‑induced degradation coefficients from MD simulations. The critical cohesive element parameters were calibrated through a coupled experimental-computational approach, simultaneously validating the reliability of the analysis method. The results showed that moisture saturation reduced interphase debonding strength by 8.57 %. At the molecular scale, the weakening of non-bonded interactions alongside the strengthening of hydrogen bonding serves as the primary driving mechanism for strength degradation. Uncontrolled molecular slippage and enhanced diffusion of water molecules induced local debonding, which propagated along weak interfacial paths at the microscale and culminated in observable failure. This comprehensive methodology elucidates multi-scale moisture‑induced damage processes and will provide valuable guidance for designing more moisture‑resistant composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111666"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methacryloxy-functionalized POSS as a multifunctional modifier for vinyl ester resin: Enhanced thermal resistance, water resistance, and flame retardancy","authors":"Weiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yixuan Ren,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Fengdan Wang,&nbsp;Yihu Tian,&nbsp;Boyang Lu,&nbsp;Binghan Zhang,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methacryloxy-functionalized POSS (MA-POSS) was synthesized via hydrolytic condensation and used to modify vinyl ester resin (VER). Characterization (FTIR, NMR, MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed its structure with cage-like T₈/T₁₀/T₁₂ species. MA-POSS enhanced VER’s water/chemical resistance (contact angle up to 103.7°), transparency (85 % transmittance post-boiling), and thermal stability (48.7 % char at 900 °C for pure MA-POSS). Flame tests showed MA-POSS boosted VER’s LOI from 21.5 % to 43.7 (pure MA-POSS) with UL-94 V-0 rating, reducing p-HRR by 49.5 % and TSP by 65.8 %. Mechanisms involved Si-O barriers, radical scavenging (Si-OH/Si-O-Si), and reduced flammable volatiles, acting via both gas and condensed phases. This work highlights MA-POSS as a versatile modifier for VER, enabling intrinsic flame retardancy, water resistance, and optical stability, with potential as a standalone thermoset in high-performance applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111672"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling of wind turbine blade powder into HDPE wood-plastic composites: Enhanced mechanical and flame-retardant properties via interfacial modification","authors":"YiChen Chen ,&nbsp;Wufei Tang ,&nbsp;Zhaozhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Peixin Li ,&nbsp;Shibing Sun ,&nbsp;Wanfu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fully recycle the wasted wind turbine blades (rWTB) powder, its major components (glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and balsa wood (BW)) was incorporated into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare wood-plastic composites (WPC) with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as the compatibilizer. By varying the mass ratio of GFRP to BW, the mechanical properties, interfacial morphology and water absorption of rWTB/HDPE composites were systematically investigated. With the combination of 30 % GFPR and 10 %BW, the obtained H/30G10B composites exhibited the highest the tensile strength (27.73 MPa) and increased impact strength (21.85 KJ/m²) with the presence of 3 % MAPE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that MAPE improved the interfacial bonding between the filler and the HDPE matrix. To improve the fire resistance of HDPE composites, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was further incorporated into H/30G10B sample. With the addition of 22 % APP, the best sample could reach a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.8 %, V-0 rating in UL-94 and a decreased heat release in cone calorimetry. In summary, this paper provides a new method for resource utilization of rWTB, which can improve the performance of composites and avoid environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111671"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of crystallinity on the depolymerization mechanism of PET fibers","authors":"Gaozhe Liu,&nbsp;Weiwei Zuo,&nbsp;Meng Hao,&nbsp;Kaiyang Zhu,&nbsp;Fengxing Wang,&nbsp;Long Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-efficiency depolymerization and recycling of polyester (PET) fibers are of great significance for reducing energy consumption, improving resource utilization efficiency, and achieving high-value utilization of by-products. Reaction kinetics is a key factor for enhancing reaction efficiency, lowering energy consumption, and developing high-value products. However, in industrial methods for recycling waste polyester textiles, the diverse degrees of crystallinity of these textiles make the impact of crystallinity on reaction kinetics and the specific reaction mechanisms unclear. In this study, by investigating the glycolysis pathways of PET fibers with different crystallinities and at various reaction temperatures, we established a kinetic model for the glycolysis of PET fibers with different crystallinities and discovered a new depolymerization mechanism. The experimental curves of glycolysis of PET fibers catalyzed by zinc acetate at different reaction temperatures (165 °C - 180 °C) closely match the theoretical curves of the nucleation-controlled model. At low crystallinity (10 %), the glycolysis of PET by ethylene glycol (EG) involves both internal and external depolymerization simultaneously. At higher crystallinities (15 %, 26 %, 33 %, and 43 %), the glycolysis of PET by EG occurs through gradual external depolymerization, layer by layer. These findings are expected to guide the development of more efficient PET depolymerization processes and have significant implications for the low-energy recycling of polyester.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111670"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a phosphorylated bio-derivative for multifunctional polyamide 6 via a self-polymerization strategy","authors":"Wen-Jie Jin ,&nbsp;Bao-Ping Dong ,&nbsp;Xian-Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jin-Ping Guan ,&nbsp;Shu-Sheng Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly efficient and reactive flame retardant (FR) agent was developed and in situ self-polymerized on polyamide 6 (PA6) fabrics, yielding a durable and multifunctional textile. The FR agent, designated DOPO-pCA, was synthesized using bio-based p-coumaric acid and DOPO. The treated PA6 exhibited outstanding flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance, with a limiting oxygen index of 31.0% and a reduced damaged length of 12.3 cm. Cone calorimetry confirmed significant fire-safety improvements, with the peak heat release rate and total heat release reduced by 30.7% and 23.8%, respectively. The superior fire resistance should be attributed to the enhanced quenching effect of phenoxy and phosphoroxy radicals. Owing to its self-polymerization and reactivity, DOPO-pCA imparted durable FR functionality, with only slight deterioration observed after 30 laundering cycles. Moreover, the treated PA6 fabrics exhibited excellent resistance to UV resistance and antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus</em>. The PA6 fabrics treated with 40 g/L DOPO-pCA achieved a high UV protection factor (UPF) of 52.4 and an antibacterial rate of 92.3%. Here, this work proposes a cleaner and novel strategy for developing durable and multifunctional PA6 fabrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111669"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale dispersion of maltooligosaccharides in poly(ε-caprolactone) for an enhanced mechanical performance and marine-biodegradability characteristics","authors":"Yurika Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Wilasinee Kotcharoen ,&nbsp;Takaya Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Yuki Tsuji ,&nbsp;Kazushige Suzuki ,&nbsp;Weeranuch Lang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Takuya Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Yutaka Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Kenji Takahashi ,&nbsp;Redouane Borsali ,&nbsp;Kenji Tajima ,&nbsp;Toshifumi Satoh ,&nbsp;Takuya Isono","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine plastic pollution poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Although poly(<em>ε</em>-caprolactone) (PCL) represents a promising marine-degradable polymer, its poor mechanical properties limit its application. In this study, a new strategy was developed to enhance the mechanical performance of PCL, while maintaining its marine biodegradability. This was based on the incorporation of sugar-based block copolymers (BCPs) as additives. AB- and ABA-type BCPs composed of maltooligosaccharide (Mal<em>_n</em>) as the A block and PCL as the B block were synthesized via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne click chemistry. Binary blends of PCL with the BCPs or Mal<em>_n</em> were prepared by solvent casting. Mechanical testing revealed that all PCL/BCP blends exhibited improved Young’s moduli and yield strengths compared with the neat-PCL. This was attributed to the nanoscale dispersion of the hard sugar domain as a filler within the PCL matrix. The ABA-type BCP blends achieved an elongation at break of 726% and a stress at break of 24.5 MPa, surpassing the performance of the neat-PCL, whereas the AB-type blends demonstrated lower stretchabilities. The enhancements observed for the ABA-type BCP blends were attributed to the loop and bridge conformations adopted by the PCL chains in the BCPs. The marine biodegradability characteristics were subsequently assessed under simulated seawater conditions. Optical/electron microscopy and mass retention measurements confirmed that Mal<em>_n</em> and BCP addition significantly accelerated biodegradation of the PCL films. These findings demonstrate that sugar-based BCP blending offers a promising approach for balancing mechanical robustness and environmental degradability, providing valuable insights for designing sustainable polymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111663"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica microcapsules containing waste soybean cooking oil with enhanced thermal stability, environmental resistance, and sustained-release for superior bitumen anti-aging performance","authors":"Peng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Nan Su ,&nbsp;Jun-Feng Su ,&nbsp;Qin-Yu Xing ,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Sun ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bitumen oxidative aging leads to pavement deterioration through increased stiffness and cracking, necessitating effective rejuvenation strategies. Current approaches utilizing waste soybean cooking oil (WSCO) are limited by rapid evaporation and leaching. This study presents an innovative solution through silica microencapsulation of waste soybean cooking oil (microWSCOs) synthesized via optimized oil-in-water emulsion with tetraethyl orthosilicate. The microcapsules exhibit uniform spherical morphology (10–50 μm diameter) with high encapsulation efficiency (92±3 %) and thermal stability (&lt;5 % mass loss at 180 °C for 2 h). Controlled release kinetics under simulated traffic loading (0.7 MPa, 10 Hz) demonstrate 62.4 ± 2.1 % cumulative rejuvenator release after 10,000 cycles, effectively restoring aged bitumen properties: softening point reduction of 15.2 ± 0.8 °C, penetration increase of 28.3 ± 1.5 %, and complex modulus decrease of 34.7 ± 2.3 %. Environmental resistance testing reveals 89.2 ± 3.5 % WSCO retention following 500 h UV irradiation (0.89 W/m²) and 7-day water immersion. The microencapsulation system demonstrates dual sustainability benefits by valorizing waste oil while significantly extending pavement service life through targeted, long-term rejuvenation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111667"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramization mechanism of ZrB2 - boron phenolic resin modified silicone rubber thermal protection system materials and the influence of oxygen in service environment","authors":"Hang Yan ,&nbsp;Xiao Hou ,&nbsp;Jiming Cheng ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Bian ,&nbsp;Xiping Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ceramization reaction of silicone rubber thermal protection system (TPS) materials, along with the resultant ceramic phase structure, is critical for enabling these materials to endure high-temperature environments and withstand erosion from high-velocity flows. Under service conditions, in addition to intrinsic physical and chemical transformations, the reactions between the materials and environmental constituents significantly influence the ceramization process. To investigate the influence of oxygen on ZrB₂ - boron phenolic resin modified silicone rubber TPS materials, thermal analysis experiments were conducted under varying oxygen concentrations (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 21 %) across a temperature range from room temperature to 1800 K. These experiments utilized a thermal analyzer, fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, and other instruments. The results indicate that the influence of oxygen in the service environment on the ceramization reaction can be attributed to two primary aspects. Firstly, oxygen affects the oxidation behavior of the silicone rubber matrix. In a nitrogen atmosphere, cyclic siloxanes formed during pyrolysis undergo structural reconstruction at temperatures above 1300 K. In an air atmosphere, these cyclic siloxanes are oxidized to form new <em>C</em> = <em>O</em> organic groups before undergoing pyrolysis and subsequent structural reconstruction at elevated temperatures. Secondly, in an air atmosphere, zirconium boride and boron phenolic resin fillers undergo oxidation to produce boron oxide. This boron oxide reacts with silica to form borosilicate B-O-Si structures. Additionally, the molten boron oxide acts as a pore-filling agent within the ceramic phase structure, leading to the formation denser ceramic phase structure than the network structure in a nitrogen atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111664"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}