Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of recyclable polyurea through coordination of rigid chain segments and graphene platelets","authors":"Haochen Yuan ,&nbsp;Sherif Araby ,&nbsp;Kangbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Mohammed Salah ,&nbsp;Yin Yu ,&nbsp;Tianqing Liu ,&nbsp;Qingshi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the global focus on environmental preservation and sustainable practices, developing nanocomposites featuring recyclable and healing properties is indispensable for high-performance and long-life structures. This study presents a facile approach to develop a recyclable and thermally-induced healing polyurea (PU)/graphene platelet (GNP) nanocomposites with high mechanical properties. A straightforward synthesis method was employed using isophorone diamine (IPDA) as chain extender with rigid cyclic structure. GNPs were modified with IPDA before adding into PU, showing remarkable enhancements in mechanical performance. At 0.10 wt.% GNPs, PU nanocomposites exhibited the maximum mechanical properties, with modified GNPs (<em>M-</em>GNPs) significantly outperforming pristine GNPs. Specifically, the tensile strength of PU increased by 41.3 % with <em>M-</em>GNPs, compared to only 12 % with pristine GNPs, underscoring the critical role of modifying the reinforcing phase. Furthermore, the nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding healing capabilities, achieving 89 % healing efficiency after 24 h at 120 °C. In addition, PU/<em>M-</em>GNP nanocomposites showed exceptional resistance to acidic and alkaline environments in comparison to neat PU. The study not only exemplifies developing high-strength and environmentally friendly materials but also holds promise for diverse applications, including aerospace, vibration damping, and protective coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111021"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the recyclability of ELV plastic bumpers: Characterization of molecular, morphological, rheological, mechanical properties and ageing degradation","authors":"Rafael Juan ,&nbsp;M. Teresa Expósito ,&nbsp;Beatriz Paredes ,&nbsp;Daniel Lechuga ,&nbsp;Cristina Martínez ,&nbsp;Andres Cardil ,&nbsp;Lola Aguilera-Villegas ,&nbsp;Javier Ramos ,&nbsp;Carlos Domínguez ,&nbsp;Juan F. Vega ,&nbsp;Rafael van Grieken ,&nbsp;Rafael A. García-Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the automotive industry has traditionally prioritized metal recycling, the increasing use of plastics in vehicles underlines the need for sustainable management of these materials. Recycling rates of plastics from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in Europe are low, but recent EU legislation requires 25 % of the plastics in new vehicles to be recycled, forcing innovative designs and strategies to enhance the recovery and quality of recycled resins. This study focuses on post-consumer bumpers, a significant recoverable component of ELVs, by assessing their molecular, morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties to investigate their homogeneity and quality from various sources to assess their suitability for recycling. Since the aging of these materials, caused by thermo-oxidative and thermo-mechanical degradation processes, can compromise the quality of recycled bumpers, we propose a blend of recycled PP from different bumper cars with virgin resin, representing a realistic scenario where the post-consumer ELV bumpers are collected. Interestingly, this blend, which can replace up to 50 % of the virgin resin without additional compatibilizers or additives, mitigates the degradation effects. Furthermore, the study evaluates the degradation resistance of these blends through multiple extrusion cycles and accelerated weathering tests in a temperature-controlled UV chamber to ascertain the number of cycles the material can tolerate without significant quality degradation, and to determine its suitability for long-term applications. Our results not only support the feasibility of using recycled PP for automotive components but also contribute to meeting the EU's recycling targets. This research highlights the potential for significant advances in the circularity of automotive plastics, providing a sustainable pathway for integrating recycled materials into new vehicle production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into the correlation composition-structure-property of recyclable carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting resin composites","authors":"Yue Yao ,&nbsp;Hanqi Qian ,&nbsp;Dan Qi ,&nbsp;Jinrui Bai ,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As widely used lightweight and high-strength materials, the sustainable development of thermosetting composites is hampered by their limited recyclability. Developing simple methods for the efficient and upgraded recycling is desirable but challenging. Herein, carbon fiber reinforced degradable thermosetting resin composites were prepared, and the effects of resin degradation process and its derivatives on the sustainable recycling of carbon fiber were studied. Through the tunable departure and re-adsorption of degradation derivatives in cleaning post-treatment, recycled carbon fibers achieved not only non-destructive recovery but also simultaneously improvements in tensile strength from 3.0 GPa to 3.7 GPa and surface energy from 47.2 mN/m to 66.7 mN/m. The adhered derivatives, rich in -NH- and oxygen-containing groups, exhibited good interactions with the fiber surface and epoxy resin. Benefiting from this, the inter laminar shear strength of recycled carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composite effectively improved 24.3 %. In this work, directly reusing resin degradation products for the recycling of reinforced fibers was proposed and the key role of the composition and distribution of degradation products in recycling properties was revealed. The strategy of integrating characteristics of components to enhance material recyclability is expected to have widespread applicability, promoting the sustainable transition for thermosetting composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111023"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flammability degradation behavior and ageing mechanism of flame-retardant cable sheath under different ageing conditions","authors":"Hui Liu,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wang,&nbsp;Long Yan,&nbsp;Zhisheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The durability of fire-resistant performance is a great challenge for long-life wire and cable sheath materials. The commonly used flame-retardant cable sheath materials were aged by thermal, salt spray and hygrothermal accelerated methods. The effects of different environmental factors on the fire protection performance of cable sheath materials were investigated by cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index, UL94, plastic smoke density, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests, and the ageing mechanism of cable sheath materials was proposed. The results show that the three accelerated ageing methods have a weakening effect on the fire resistance and charring properties of cable sheath materials. Among them, hygrothermal ageing treatment has the most serious impact on the fire-resistant performance compared with the unaged cable sheath material, including a decrease by 16.0 % in limiting oxygen index grade, an increase by 13.8 % in total heat release, a decrease by 75.8 % in light transmittance, and a decrease by 47.4 % in char residue at 800 °C. The deterioration of fire protection performance for cable sheath materials depends on the complex environmental conditions. The weakening effect of hygrothermal ageing is the strongest, followed by salt spray ageing, and the thermal ageing is the smallest. This work can provide strategic guidance for an in-depth analysis of the fire risk of ageing cables in complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen-induced surface hardening and aromatization of thermoset furanic biobased resin: Origin and consequences","authors":"Pierre Delliere,&nbsp;Luc Vincent,&nbsp;Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli,&nbsp;Nathanael Guigo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article emphasizes the phenomena occurring in furan resins at high temperature, once they are polymerized and before their carbonization. The effects of the atmosphere (N₂ and air) during the curing of furan resins were investigated and it is shown that upon exposure to air at temperatures above 175 °C, the furan resins develop an aromatic surface. By means of solid-state NMR and infrared spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that the aromatic groups are mainly located on the material's surface. A mechanism of this surface modification is proposed together with a short kinetic study. In addition, the thermo-mechanical properties are studied. The aromatic surfaces decrease the damping capacity of the material, yet its resistance to degradation is increased. Finally, tensile properties of the furan resins are not affected by the presence of this aromatic surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arc-shaped air layer bioinspired by ginkgo nut to resist high humidity environment for PET fabrics","authors":"Yunshan Mao,&nbsp;Yinuo Shan,&nbsp;Zixing Xue,&nbsp;Lingfei Xu,&nbsp;Yu Guan,&nbsp;Shaohai Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing simple processes and significant effect modification method for polyester (PET) fabrics to resist hygrothermal aging is a formidable challenge. In this study, inspired by the silver mirror phenomenon of natural ginkgo nut, we utilized the pea pod-shaped nanoparticles that zinc oxide (ZnO) was encapsulated in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ZnO@POSS), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to construct stabilized arc-shaped air layer on the PET fabric surface to resist high humidity environment. The round belly structures of pea pod-shaped ZnO@POSS and interlaced physical networks assisted by PDMS on the PET fabrics surface served as the crucial roles to capture and retain air, resulting in the capacity of the arc-shaped air layer was significantly larger than other microstructures underwater. The water vapor was prevented from entering the fabric interstices that the self-catalytic hydrolysis behavior of PET macromolecular chains was efficiently restrained, and the strength retention of PET fabric was significantly improved from 45 % to 89 % after accelerated hygrothermal aging test (60 °C, 80 % RH, 600 h). This work represents a simple and effective approach to improve the durability for PET fabrics in high humidity environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111018"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of flame retardant coatings containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and expandable graphite for carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 composites","authors":"Zsófia Kovács ,&nbsp;Andrea Toldy","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing importance of thermoplastic composites, driven by their enhanced recyclability and production efficiency, has attracted interest in continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic. Polyamide 6 (PA6), synthesised via anionic ring-opening polymerisation, is particularly relevant, however, the flammability of PA6 poses significant challenges and a critical concern for their structural application, necessitating effective flame retardancy measures. This study investigates the development of flame retardant coatings for carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites, employing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and expandable graphite (EG), and evaluates their efficacy in improving the flammability properties of the composites through their combined modes of action. We investigated the impact of FRs on glass transition temperature, crystallinity, thermal stability, monomer conversion and flammability properties. The best-performing formulations (PA6/3P%HPCTP/3%EG and PA6/3P%HPCTP/4%EG) were applied to the surface of carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites by in-mould coating. Due to the synergistic effect of HPCTP and EG, the coatings containing 3P% HPCTP and 3 % EG reduced the maximum heat release by 33 % and the total heat release by 37 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel strategy utilizing oxidation states of phosphorus for designing efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardants and its performance in epoxy resins","authors":"Mingming Yu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Gao ,&nbsp;Wang Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Shi ,&nbsp;Ousheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Shen ,&nbsp;Lin Fang ,&nbsp;Musu Ren ,&nbsp;Jinliang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidation state of phosphorus has a great influence on the flame retardant action of its flame retardants. In this study, a reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant (POG-DOPO) with both low and high phosphorus oxidation states is synthesised and incorporated into epoxy resin. The results show that the part in high oxidation state act mainly in the condensed phase and the part in low oxidation state act mainly in the gas phase. Furthermore, the flame retardant exhibits a synergistic flame retardant effect, resulting in a higher flame retardant efficiency than that of flame retardants with a single phosphorus oxidation state. Compared with unmodified epoxy resin, the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke release of POG-DOPO modified epoxy resin with only 3wt% phosphorus are reduced by 70.9%, 51.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Its LOI increases to 31.8% and vertical combustion test achieves UL-94 V-0 rating. This study provides a strategy for the structural design of efficient phosphorus-based flame retardants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame-retardants for polypropylene: A review","authors":"Séverine Bellayer ,&nbsp;Melvin Dilger ,&nbsp;Sophie Duquesne ,&nbsp;Maude Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents the different flame retardant (FR) additives adapted to polypropylene (PP) and their mode of actions when incorporated into the bulk. PP is naturally highly flammable; this review highlights the challenges to improve its flame retardant properties. It first reports the thermal degradation of PP and then focuses on FR PP systems and shows the high flame retardancy effectiveness of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems providing an efficient protective layer. It also highlights the need to improve the IFR systems to reduce the amount of FRs, using synergists, bio-based compounds or modified additives, but also using other effective systems such as free radical generators systems in combination with phosphorous flame retardant agent. Therefore, this article explores the effectiveness of several FR systems and highlight their mechanism of action in PP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dielectric thermosetting resins derived from polysaccharide unsaturated esters","authors":"Yuya Fukata,&nbsp;Satoshi Kimura,&nbsp;Tadahisa Iwata","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain metals and plastics, with the latter often incinerated after disposal, leading to carbon dioxide emissions. This study focuses on developing biomass-based thermosetting resins derived from polysaccharides. Cellulose and α-1,3-glucan were introduced with unsaturated (2-butenoate) and saturated (hexanoate) ester groups to achieve appropriate properties for PCB applications. The synthesized polysaccharide esters, cellulose-2-butenoate-hexanoate and α-1,3-glucan-2-butenoate-hexanoate, demonstrated thermoformability at 150 °C, suitable for being laminated on circuit lines. After heating at 220 °C for 1 hour, the unsaturated parts of the polymers crosslinked, increasing the glass transition temperature to over 230 °C, making them potentially durable for the soldering process. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the crosslinked resins ranged from 2.5 to 2.7 and 0.012 to 0.014, respectively, outperforming conventional epoxy resins to reduce transmission loss. Additionally, the crosslinked films exhibited robust mechanical properties with tensile strengths exceeding 50 MPa. These results indicate that polysaccharide unsaturated esters are promising for use as PCB insulating resins, providing a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}