Open Microbiology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase the Phenolic Compounds Concentration in the Bark of the Stem of <i>Libidibia Ferrea</i> in Field Conditions.","authors":"Emanuela Lima Dos Santos,&nbsp;Francineyde Alves da Silva,&nbsp;Fábio Sérgio Barbosa da Silva","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Libidibia ferrea</i> is a species particular to the caatinga presenting medicinal properties for containing bioactive compounds. The use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can increase the production of biomolecules in the legume leaves; however, no light has been shed on the role of symbiosis in maximizing metabolites production in the bark of <i>L. ferrea</i> stem.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to select AMF that are efficient at increasing the production of phenolic compounds with medicinal properties in the bark of the <i>L. ferrea</i> stem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four inoculation treatments (plants pre-inoculated with <i>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</i>, with <i>Gigaspora albida</i>, with <i>Acaulospora longula</i>, and non-inoculated plants - control) with six repetitions. Thirteen months after the transplanting, the plants were pruned and the bark of the stem was collected; subsequently, this plant material was dried in a chamber. After the drying process, fractions of the bark of the stem were macerated in methanol. The extracts were further used for analyses of the biomolecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The flavonoids concentration had an increase of, respectively, 236% and 186% in relation to the control for the treatments with <i>A. longula</i> and <i>C. etunicatum</i>; plants inoculated with <i>A. longula</i> had an increase of 47% in total tannins concentration compared with the non-inoculated control - a benefit that the proanthocyanidins did not present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Applying inoculation with <i>A. longula</i> may be an alternative to increase the production of biomolecules of the secondary metabolism in the bark of the <i>L. ferrea</i> stem in field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35221918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Perspectives from Brazil.","authors":"Rinaldo Poncio Mendes,&nbsp;Ricardo de Souza Cavalcante,&nbsp;Sílvio Alencar Marques,&nbsp;Mariângela Esther Alencar Marques,&nbsp;James Venturini,&nbsp;Tatiane Fernanda Sylvestre,&nbsp;Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago,&nbsp;Ana Carla Pereira,&nbsp;Julhiany de Fátima da Silva,&nbsp;Alexandre Todorovic Fabro,&nbsp;Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco,&nbsp;Eduardo Bagagli,&nbsp;Rosane Christine Hahn,&nbsp;Adriele Dandara Levorato","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010224","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874285801711010224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This review article summarizes and updates the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis. <i>P lutzii</i> and the cryptic species of <i>P. brasiliensis</i> and their geographical distribution in Latin America, explaining the difficulties observed in the serological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Emphasis has been placed on some genetic factors as predisposing condition for paracoccidioidomycosis. Veterinary aspects were focused, showing the wide distribution of infection among animals. The cell-mediated immunity was better characterized, incorporating the recent findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serological methods for diagnosis were also compared for their parameters of accuracy, including the analysis of relapse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical forms have been better classified in order to include the pictures less frequently observesiod.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Itraconazole and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was compared regarding efficacy, effectiveness and safety, demonstrating that azole should be the first choice in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874285801711010224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35223075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Different SCCmec and Pulsotypes of <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Isolated from a Major Hospital in Ilam, Iran.","authors":"Mehdi Abbasi,&nbsp;Majid BaseriSalehi,&nbsp;Nima Bahador,&nbsp;Morovat Taherikalani","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims & objectives: </strong>The aim of this study <b>is</b> to evaluate genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and virulence characteristics of different types of <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from air, surfaces, staff, and patients in a Public hospital in Ilam.</p><p><strong>Methods & materials: </strong>A total of 88 of 140 staphylococci identified as <i>S. aureus</i> by conventional and molecular methods were used in this study. Isolate samples were obtained from surfaces, staff, patients, and hospital indoor air. The sampling from staff and surfaces was done through using swab and air by standard pump. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and presence different resistant and virulence determinants was assessed. Isolates were then typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCC<i>mec</i> typing methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 88isolates, 36 of them (40.9%) were MRSA. Among MRSA isolates, the range of resistance to antibiotic was 0% in vancomycin to 83.3% in gentamycin. The most prevalent resistant genes among gentamicin resistant <i>S. aureus</i> were <i>acc (6')/aph (2\")Ia</i> and <i>aph(3\")IIIa</i>. The most common erythromycin resistant gene was <i>erm</i>C. Surprisingly, SCC<i>mec</i> types I (30.5%), II (25%)were highly distributed. PFGE analysis showed 33 different pulsotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms that different isolates of MSSA and MRSA circulate in Ilam which differ in antimicrobial susceptibility, content of resistance, and virulence determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35221917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibody in a Guinea Pig Model of Advanced Hemorrhagic Arenavirus Infection.","authors":"John M Thomas,&nbsp;Philip E Thorpe","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Host derived markers on virally infected cells or virions may provide targets for the generation of antiviral agents. Recently, we identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a host marker of virions and virally-infected cells.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Under normal physiological conditions, PS is maintained on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane facing the cytosol. Following viral infection, activation or pre-apoptotic changes cause PS to become externalized. We have previously shown that bavituximab, a chimeric human-mouse antibody that binds PS complexed with β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP1), protected rodents against lethal Pichinde virus and cytomegalovirus infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we determined the antiviral activity of a fully human monoclonal antibody, PGN632, that directly binds to PS. Treatment with PGN632 protected 20% of guinea pigs with advanced infections of the hemorrhagic arenavirus, Pichinde, from death. Combining PGN632 with ribavirin improved the antiviral activity of both agents, such that the combination rescued 50% of animals from death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major mechanisms of action of PGN632 appear to be opsonization of virus and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of virally-infected cells. PS-targeting agents may have utility in the treatment of viral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5737030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35699993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Activity Among <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Escherichia Coli</i>.","authors":"Abdulaziz Zorgani,&nbsp;Hiyam Daw,&nbsp;Najib Sufya,&nbsp;Abdullah Bashein,&nbsp;Omar Elahmer,&nbsp;Chedly Chouchani","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of AmpC-type β-lactamase producers isolated from two hospitals in Tripoli, Libya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All clinical isolates (76 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and 75 <i>E. coli</i>) collected over two years (2013-2014) were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobials and were analyzed phenotypically for the ESBL and AmpC phenotype using E-test and ESBL and AmpC screen disc test. Both ESBL and AmpC-positive isolates were then screened for the presence of genes encoding plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. coli</i> tested, 75% and 16% were resistant to gentamicin, 74% and 1.3% to imipenem, 71% and 12% to cefoxitin, 80% and 12% to cefepime, 69% and 22.6% to ciprofloxacin, respectively. None of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates were multidrug resistant compared with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (65.8%). <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ESBL producers were significantly higher (85.5%) compared with (17.3%) <i>E. coli</i> isolates (P <0.0001, OR=4.93). Plasmid-mediated AmpC genes were detected in 7.9% of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, and 4% <i>E. coli</i> isolates. There was low agreement between phenotypic and genotypic methods, phenotypic testing underestimated detection of AmpC enzyme and did not correlate well with molecular results. The gene encoding CMY enzyme was the most prevalent (66.6%) of AmpC positive isolates followed by MOX, DHA and EBC. Only one AmpC gene was detected in 5/9 isolates, i.e, <i>bla</i>_CMY (n=3), <i>bla</i>_MOX (n=1), <i>bla</i>_DHA (n=1). However, co-occurrence of AmpC genes were evident in 3/9 isolates with the following distribution: <i>bla</i>_CMY and <i>bla</i>_EBC (n=1), and <i>bla</i>_CMY and <i>bla</i>_MOX (n=2). Neither <i>bla</i>_FOX nor <i>bla</i>_ACC was detected in all tested isolates. All AmpC positive strains were resistant to cefoxitin and isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are needed for detection of other AmpC variant enzyme production among such isolates. Continued surveillance and judicious antibiotic usage together with the implementation of efficient infection control measures are absolutely required.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35623181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Investigation of Beta-Lactam Associated Antibiotic Resistance Among <i>Escherichia Coli</i> Strains Isolated from Water Sources.","authors":"Reza Ranjbar,&nbsp;Mehrdad Sami","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is an important factor threatening human health. It is widely accepted that antibiotic resistant bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli)</i> released from humans and animals into the water sources, can introduce their resistance genes into the natural bacterial community.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of <i>bla_TEM, bla_CTX, bla_SHV, bla_OXA</i> and <i>bla_VEB</i> associated-antibiotic resistance among <i>E. coli</i> bacteria isolated from different water resources in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study contained all <i>E. coli</i> strains segregated from different surface water sources. The Kirby-Bauer method and combined discs method was determined in this study for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and strains that produced Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction kit was applied for genomic and plasmid DNA derivation. Finally the frequency of resistant genes including <i>bla_TEM, bla_CTX, bla_SHV, bla_OXA</i> and <i>bla_VEB</i> in ESBL producing isolates were studied by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred <i>E. coli</i> strains were isolated and entered in the study. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed on clindamycin (96%). Moreover, 38.5% isolates were ESBL producers. The frequency of different ESBLs genes were 37%, 27%, 27%, and 25% for <i>bla_TEM, bla_CTX, bla_SHV, and bla_OXA</i> , respectively. The <i>bla_VEB</i> wasn't found in any isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a high prevalence of <i>CTX-M, TEM, SHV</i> and <i>OXA</i> genes among <i>E. coli</i> strains in surface water resources. In conclusion, these results raised a concern regarding the presence and distribution of these threatening factors in surface water sources and its subsequent outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874285801711010203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35623182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated with <i>Hancornia Speciosa</i> Gomes Bark.","authors":"Mardonny Bruno de Oliveira Chagas,&nbsp;Irailton Prazeres Dos Santos,&nbsp;Luis Claudio Nascimento da Silva,&nbsp;Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia,&nbsp;Janete Magali de Araújo,&nbsp;Marilene da Silva Cavalcanti,&nbsp;Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of cultivable endophytic fungi associated with <i>Hancornia speciosa</i> Gomes stem bark.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Plant samples were collected in rainy (July 2010) and dry (January 2011) seasons. In total, 116 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from 90 fragments (64.4% frequency of colonization). Higher fungi frequency was observed in the rainy season (84.4%). The strains were grouped into 14 species; the most frequent were <i>Phoma cava</i> (13.8%), <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> (12.1%), and <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> (11.2%). Fungal diversity was similar in both the seasons. Among the 116 strains, 39 (33.6%) showed antimicrobial activity in preliminary screening. The ten most active isolates were subjected to semi-solid fermentation using rice or corn as substrates. Methanolic extracts were obtained from each fermentation medium and the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentrations (MMC) were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best antimicrobial results (MIC < 100 µg/mL) were observed for fungi strains grown in rice medium: <i>Aspergillus niger</i> FHS061 against <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (MIC = 19 µg/mL) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 39 µg/mL). These strains also showed good results when cultivated in corn medium against <i>P. mirabilis</i> (MIC = 78 µg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, the stem bark of <i>H. speciosa</i> harbors diverse endophytic fungi with antimicrobial potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874285801711010179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35622177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Molecular Study of Antibiotic Resistance to Quinolones in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Shirin Malehmir,&nbsp;Reza Ranjbar,&nbsp;Naser Harzandi","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> is known as one of the most important causes of gastrointestinal disease in the world. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are used successfully in the treatment of salmonellosis particularly for infections that have become resistant to several antibiotics. But non-susceptible isolates to quinolones have been reported in several countries. The data are limited about the prevalence of quinolone-resistant isolates in our country. Therefore, this study investigated the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolated in Children's Medical Center in Tehran during 2014-2015.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> isolates were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening of <i>Salmonella</i> strains resistant to quinolones were performed according to the CLSI guidelines. The molecular investigation was done using specific primers for detection of qnr genes including: <i>qnr</i>A, <i>qnr</i>B and <i>qnr</i>S, by polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 92 (66.6%) strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. None of the strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Out of the 92 nalidixic acid resistant strains, 52 (56.52%) harbored <i>qnr</i>S genes, 15 strains (16.30%) had both <i>qnr</i>A and <i>qnr</i>S genes. Two (1.1%) isolates were positive for <i>qnr</i>B gene. Twenty four (26.08%) nalidixic acid resistant isolates did not have any qnr qens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study show high prevalence of resistance to nalidixic and qnr genes in <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. Plasmid nature of this type of resistance poses an increased risk of dissemination of quinolone resistance between <i>Salmonella</i> and non-<i>Salmonella</i> isolates circulating in hospitals environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35622178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aerococcus urinae</i> and <i>Aerococcus sanguinicola</i>: Susceptibility Testing of 120 Isolates to Six Antimicrobial Agents Using Disk Diffusion (EUCAST), Etest, and Broth Microdilution Techniques.","authors":"Derya Carkaci, Xiaohui C Nielsen, Kurt Fuursted, Robert Skov, Ole Skovgaard, Emilio P Trallero, Reto Lienhard, Jenny Åhman, Erika Matuschek, Gunnar Kahlmeter, Jens J Christensen","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010160","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874285801711010160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Aerococcus urinae</i> and <i>Aerococcus sanguinicola</i> are relatively newcomers and emerging organisms in clinical and microbiological practice. Both species have worldwide been associated with urinary tract infections. More rarely cases of bacteremia/septicemia and infective endocarditis have been reported. Treatment options are therefore important. Just recently, European recommendations on susceptibility testing and interpretive criteria have been released.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this investigation 120 <i>A. urinae</i> and <i>A. sanguinicola</i> isolates were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents: Penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three susceptibility testing methods were used; disk diffusion according to The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standardized disk diffusion methodology and MIC determination with Etest and broth microdilution (BMD). All testing was performed with EUCAST media for fastidious organisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data obtained in this study were part of the background data for establishing EUCAST breakpoints. MIC values obtained by Etest and BMD were well correlated with disk diffusion results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All isolates were found susceptible to all six antimicrobial agents: penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5676010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35622175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Based Phenotype and Hospital Admission Profile are the Most Likely Predictors of Genotyping Classification of MRSA.","authors":"Ali M Bazzi,&nbsp;Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq,&nbsp;Ali A Rabaan,&nbsp;Dianne Neal,&nbsp;Aimee Ferraro,&nbsp;Mahmoud M Fawarah","doi":"10.2174/1874285801711010167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infection is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burdens. Phenotyping methods are used to classify MRSA as either health care MRSA (HA-MRSA) or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Recent studies suggested the phenotyping methods are not always reliable, based on a lack of concordance with genotyping results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, concordance of classification methods based on clinical characteristics or antibiotic susceptibility compared to the gold standard genotyping was assessed in the classification of MRSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the genotypes and phenotypes of MRSA in 133 samples taken from patients in Saudi Arabia. Statistical analyses included concordance, specificity and sensitivity, and logistic regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was fair a definite agreement between the health care risk and infection type methods (<i>p</i> < .001), but no statistically significant agreement between the susceptibility pattern and health care risk methods (<i>p</i> = 243), and between susceptibility pattern and infection type methods (<i>p</i> = .919). Reduced multiple regression modelling suggested the potential of a phenotyping-based method of antibiotic susceptibility pattern (OR = 15.47, <i>p</i> < .001) in conjunction with hospital admission profile(OR = 2.87, <i>p</i> = .008) to accurately identify MRSA as HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of a standardized phenotyping technique, using susceptibility pattern and hospital admission profiles to classify MRSA infections as either HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA, would facilitate diagnosis, infection control efforts, prevention, and assignment of appropriate therapies. The ability to use phenotyping in the classification of these strains would improve efforts to contend with this adept and evolving bacterial organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35622176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}