Open Microbiology Journal最新文献_第10页

High Diagnostic Accuracy of Nitrite Test Paired with Urine Sediment can Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy. 亚硝酸盐检测结合尿沉渣诊断准确率高，可减少不必要的抗生素治疗。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-11-03 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010150

Sven A Ferry, Stig E Holm, B Magnus Ferry, Tor J Monsen

{"title":"High Diagnostic Accuracy of Nitrite Test Paired with Urine Sediment can Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy.","authors":"Sven A Ferry, Stig E Holm, B Magnus Ferry, Tor J Monsen","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010150","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874285801509010150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections dominated by lower UTI in women (LUTIW). Symptoms only are insufficient for diagnosis and accordingly, near patient diagnostic tests confidently confirming significant bacteriuria are desirable. The nitrite test (NIT) has low sensitivity, while bacterial and leukocyte counts disjunctively paired in urine sediment microscopy (SED) have high sensitivity. Similar symptomatic cure rates are found post antibiotic vs. placebo therapy in patients with negative cultures. Consequently, prescription on symptoms only implies unnecessary antibiotic therapy.Aims: to evaluate the diagnostic outcomes of NIT, SED and NIT disjunctively paired with SED (NIT+SED) vs. urine culture, with special focus on bladder incubation time (BIT), and to assess if NIT+SED can reduce unnecessary antibiotic therapy.Methods: A diagnostic, primary care, multicentre study including 1070 women with symptoms suggestive of lower UTI.Results: Significant bacteriuria was found in 77%. The BIT highly influenced the diagnostic outcomes and the optimal duration was ≥4h with sensitivity of 66, 90 and 95% for NIT, SED and NIT+SED, respectively. SED performed only in NIT negative specimens could reduce unnecessary antibiotics by 10% vs. prescription on symptoms only. The number needed to test with SED to reduce one unnecessary antibiotic course was five patients at BIT ≥4h and six patients at ≤3h or overall.Conclusion: The BIT highly influences the diagnostic outcomes with the highest accuracy of NIT+SED. Diagnosis of LUTIW with NIT+SED can reduce unnecessary antibiotic therapy and subsequently decrease antimicrobial resistance.Trial registration: The Swedish Medical Product Agency 1995 03 01:151:01783/94.","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"150-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71434740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron Acquisition Mechanisms: Promising Target Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 铁获取机制:抗结核分枝杆菌的有希望的靶点。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010091

Saif Hameed, Rahul Pal, Zeeshan Fatima

引用次数: 24

Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients. 慢性丙型肝炎患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的变化

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010136

Mohamed S Abdel-Latif

{"title":"Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients.","authors":"Mohamed S Abdel-Latif","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010136","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In chronic HCV infection, pathological accumulation of the extracellular matrix is the main feature of liver fibrosis; that indicates the imbalanced rate of increased matrix synthesis to decreased breakdown of connective tissue proteins. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in remodeling of extracellular matrix. It is known that expression of MMPs is regulated by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Also, levels of TNF-α in liver and serum are increased in chronic HCV patient. Accordingly, this study aimed to correlate the plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α in chronic HCV patients with the pathogenesis of the liver.Methods: The current study was conducted on 15 ﬁbrotic liver cases with detectable HCV RNA, 10 HCV cirrhotic liver cases, and 15 control subjects of matched age and sex. Plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.Results: Data revealed that the MMP2, MMP9 and TNF-α levels showed a significant elevation in chronic HCV patients compared to control group (p= 0.001). But, no significant correlation was observed in levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TNF-α between fibrotic and cirrhotic cases.Conclusions: MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α showed high reproducibility to differentiate chronic HCV patients from control group. On the contrary, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α were not able to differentiate fibrotic from cirrhotic liver cases. Thus, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α could not be correlated with the progression of liver disease. Rather they could be used as prognostic markers of liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"136-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4598372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34255001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Evaluation of a Commercial Multiplex PCR for Rapid Detection of Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative Infections. 多重多重PCR快速检测多重耐药革兰氏阴性感染的评价。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010125

Ruchir Chavada, Michael Maley

{"title":"Evaluation of a Commercial Multiplex PCR for Rapid Detection of Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative Infections.","authors":"Ruchir Chavada, Michael Maley","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Community and healthcare associated infections caused by multi-drug resistant gram negative organisms (MDR GN) represent a worldwide threat. Nucleic Acid Detection tests are becoming more common for their detection; however they can be expensive requiring specialised equipment and local expertise. This study was done to evaluate the utility of a commercial multiplex tandem (MT) PCR for detection of MDR GN.Methods: The study was done on stored laboratory MDR GN isolates from sterile and non-sterile specimens (n=126, out of stored 567 organisms). Laboratory validation of the MT PCR was done to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and agreement with the current phenotypic methods used in the laboratory. Amplicon sequencing was also done on selected isolates for assessing performance characteristics. Workflow and cost implications of the MT PCR were evaluated.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the MT PCR were calculated to be 95% and 96.7% respectively. Agreement with the phenotypic methods was 80%. Major lack of agreement was seen in detection of AmpC beta lactamase in enterobacteriaceae and carbapenemase in non-fermenters. Agreement of the MT PCR with another multiplex PCR was found to be 87%. Amplicon sequencing confirmed the genotype detected by MT PCR in 94.2 % of cases tested. Time to result was faster for the MT PCR but cost per test was higher.Conclusion: This study shows that with carefully chosen targets for detection of resistance genes in MDR GN, rapid and efficient identification is possible. MT PCR was sensitive and specific and likely more accurate than phenotypic methods.","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"125-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/93/TOMICROJ-9-125.PMC4598387.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34255000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Association of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection with Female Infer-tility, Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India. 生殖器沙眼衣原体感染与女性不育的关系，在印度东部一家三级保健医院的研究。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010110

Mallika Ghosh, Subhadip Choudhuri, Reena Ghosh Ray, Basudev Bhattacharya, Sujata Bhattacharya

{"title":"Association of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection with Female Infer-tility, Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.","authors":"Mallika Ghosh, Subhadip Choudhuri, Reena Ghosh Ray, Basudev Bhattacharya, Sujata Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in the world. 50-80% of infected females are asymptomatic. These untreated women are at risk of developing chronic sequelae leading to tubal pathology causing infertility. Infertility is defined as 1 year of unprotected intercourse without pregnancy. It may be primary or secondary. Aim : To find out the association of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with female infertility. Materials and Methodology : This case control study has been carried out in collaboration with R. G. Kar Medical College and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, India, between July 2012 and June 2013. 40 infertile and 40 pregnant women were enrolled by purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. ELISA test was performed to detect serum IgG and IgA antibody against recombinant analogs of MOMP and 3 different PCR assays were done targeting MOMP and rRNA DNA from DNA extracted from first void urine. Results : IgG seropositivity was significantly higher (15% vs 0%, P=.0255) in cases than controls, though there was no significant difference in the proportion of IgA seropositivity among 2 groups (12.5% vs 2.5%, P=0.2007). Out of 80 samples 2 samples showed the production of amplicons with R1 - R2 primers. Only 1 sample gave positive result with production of amplicons with all the 3 primers used (R1 - R2, CT0005 - CT06 and JM15 - JM16). Conclusion : Persistent C. trachomatis infection must be recognized as a risk factor of infertility in this region of India. The low PCR positivity in FVU sample helps to conclude the diagnostic utility of serological tests in screening of infertile women.","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"110-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/60/TOMICROJ-9-110.PMC4598383.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34254998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Analysis of a Pool of Small Plasmids from Soil Heterotrophic Cultivable Bacterial Communities. 土壤异养可培养细菌群落小质粒池的分析。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010098

Maria Cristiana Papaleo, Marco Fondi, Isabel Maida, Elena Perrin, Annamaria Bevivino, Claudia Dalmastri, Renato Fani

{"title":"Analysis of a Pool of Small Plasmids from Soil Heterotrophic Cultivable Bacterial Communities.","authors":"Maria Cristiana Papaleo, Marco Fondi, Isabel Maida, Elena Perrin, Annamaria Bevivino, Claudia Dalmastri, Renato Fani","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010098","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the analysis of the plasmid presence on soil aerobic cultivable heterotrophic bacterial communities was carried out checking a panel of 1,200 isolates, in order to establish the frequency of plasmid presence as well as the degree of plasmid flow between strains affiliated to the same or different taxon. Bacterial communities were isolated from two different sites of a 13-year experimental field with a clay-silt texture. Plasmid molecules were detected at low frequency (27 isolates, 2%) with a size ranging between 2 Kb and 40 Kb. The RAPD analysis performed on the plasmid-harboring isolates and the phylogenetic analysis of the whole community using the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the existence of transfer of the same plasmids between strains belonging to the same species and, in some cases, to different species of the same genus. As it might be expected, even though the viable cells title did not differ significantly between the two samplings, the overall data disclosed an uneven distribution of both species and plasmid-harboring strains. ","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/11/TOMICROJ-9-98.PMC4598422.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34254997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Physico-chemical Analysis, Microbial Isolation, Sensitivity Test of the Isolates and Solar Disinfection of Water Running in Community Taps and River Kandutura in Nakuru North Sub-county, Kenya. 肯尼亚纳库鲁北部副县社区自来水和坎杜图拉河自来水的理化分析、微生物分离、分离物敏感性试验及日光消毒

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-08-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010117

Paul N Waithaka, John Muthini Maingi, Anthony Kebira Nyamache

{"title":"Physico-chemical Analysis, Microbial Isolation, Sensitivity Test of the Isolates and Solar Disinfection of Water Running in Community Taps and River Kandutura in Nakuru North Sub-county, Kenya.","authors":"Paul N Waithaka, John Muthini Maingi, Anthony Kebira Nyamache","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010117","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874285801509010117","url":null,"abstract":"Nakuru North sub-county is a peri-urban area which has both dry and wet seasons. Its residents rely mostly on untreated water sources for daily water needs due to unreliable water supply from the urban council. However, this water has not been evaluated on its quality despite residents solely depending on it. This study was aimed at determining the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of water drawn from River Kandutura and water taps in Nakuru North sub-county. In addition, the study was aimed at carrying out sensitivity test of the isolates to antibiotics and determining effectiveness of solar disinfection in water treatment. A total of 510 water samples; river (255) and taps (255) were collected and analyzed between January and December 2013. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Out of five hundred and ten (510) samples examined for microorganisms, 36.86 % (188/510) were positive for E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella. Water used by Nakuru North sub-county residents is highly contaminated thus posing public health risk. Solar disinfection experiment indicated a possibility of effective decontamination of water up on exposure to sun light for 3-5 h. E. coli showed the highest resistance (26.3 %) followed by Salmonella (17.4 %) while Shigella showed the least (17.1 %). However, there was no significant deference (p=0.98) in resistance among total coliforms, Total heterotrophic and Salmonella at 0.05 level of significant. There is a need to enforce laws and policies on proper waste disposal as part of water pollution control. ","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"117-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/6c/TOMICROJ-9-117.PMC4598373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34254999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effects of Temperature and pH on the Activities of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase Obtained from Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Ilaje, Ondo State, Nigeria. 温度和pH对尼日利亚Ondo州Ilaje原油污染土壤中邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活性的影响

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-07-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010084

O F Olukunle, O Babajide, B Boboye

{"title":"Effects of Temperature and pH on the Activities of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase Obtained from Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Ilaje, Ondo State, Nigeria.","authors":"O F Olukunle, O Babajide, B Boboye","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010084","url":null,"abstract":"Enrichment technique was employed for the isolation of the crude oil degrading bacteria. The isolated bacteria were screened for their degradative ability and the best degrading bacteria were selected based on their growth. Specific activities of Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and effects of temperature and pH and their stabilities on the enzyme relative activities were observed. Bacteria isolated from the soil sample include; Bacillus cereus, B. amyloliquficiens, B. firmus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas sp. P. fluorescens, P.putida, P.aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter sp. Screening of the degradative ability of the bacteria revealed P. aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Achromobacter sp. to be the best degraders. The pH and temperature range with time for the enzyme activity were 6.0-8.0 and 30(o)C-50(o)C respectively. The enzyme exhibited activity that was slightly more tolerant to alkaline pH. Therefore, engineering of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase may be employed for application on bioremediation of polluted sites. ","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874285801509010084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34085848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Listeriolysin O, but not Murine E-cadherin, is Involved in Invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into Murine Liver Parenchymal Cells. 李斯特菌溶素O，而不是小鼠E-钙粘蛋白，参与了单核细胞增多性李斯特菌对小鼠肝实质细胞的侵袭。

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-07-31 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010081

Yu-Ju Kanayama, Masakazu Kaneko, Yoshiko Emoto, Masashi Emoto

引用次数: 3

Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections. 耐药粪肠球菌和粪肠球菌尿路感染分离株中肠球菌表面蛋白的传播

Open Microbiology Journal Pub Date : 2015-06-26 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010014

Hossein S Kafil, Ashraf M Mobarez

{"title":"Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections.","authors":"Hossein S Kafil, Ashraf M Mobarez","doi":"10.2174/1874285801509010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010014","url":null,"abstract":"Enterococci rank among leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection in hospital and community acquired infections. Several traits that may contribute to enhanced virulence have been identified in Enterococci. Extracellular surface protein (Esp) is a virulence factor that contributes in biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stresses. In this study we aimed to determine occurrence of esp in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates isolated from urinary tract infections and to investigate whether there is any correlation between presence of esp and antibiotic resistance. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from patients with UTI and after identification by biochemical and PCR, antibiotic resistances were examined. The presence of esp was investigated by primer-specific PCR. 43.3% of isolates identified as E. faecium and 56.7% as E. faecalis. The esp gene was found in 76.1% of E. faecium isolates and 77.9% of E. faecalis isolate. There were significant correlation between esp positive E. faecium and resistance to Vancomycin (p<0.01), also in E.faecalis we found correlation between esp positive and resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). Occurrence of esp in our isolates from urinary tract infection was high that indicates importance of this gene in urinary tract infections and shows importance of ability to forming biofilm and hydrophobicity of surface of Enterococci for causing urinary infection by Enterococci. Also, our finding showed significant correlation between resistance to antibiotics and presence of esp in Enterococci. ","PeriodicalId":38953,"journal":{"name":"Open Microbiology Journal","volume":"9 ","pages":"14-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/1c/TOMICROJ-9-14.PMC4493631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33996876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42