{"title":"Bioinspired electrocatalysts for water splitting","authors":"Weibo Zhang , Wei Yuan , Xiaoqing Zhang , Qing Liu , Bote Zhao , Biyu Pan , Yingxi Xie , Yong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals and plants have evolved over billions of years to develop unique characteristics that balance their structures and functions. In recent decades, efforts have been made to mimic these natural structures, forms, functions, and behaviors to address major challenges in the environmental energy sector. Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen and oxygen production is one of the most promising methods for generating clean and sustainable fuels. Biomimetic designs have significantly expanded the boundaries of the energy field by fostering innovations in electrocatalytic materials and gas manipulation, thereby facilitating substantial advance in energy research. This review focuses on the recent progress in bioinspired water electrolysis catalysts from two perspectives: simulation of organismal structures and construction of nanozyme architectures. We highlight key examples of interface engineering and hierarchical structures designed to enhance mass diffusion efficiency. Drawing on the insights from the hydrogenase and oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II (PS II), we present bioinspired strategies for enzyme-mimicking activity sites, mass transport channels, and specialized microenvironments. Finally, we discuss the future opportunities and development directions for bionic design at the device level with the aim of broadening the range of applications of bioinspired electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102034"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102045
Zhengkun Chen , Jiafan Chen , Sohyun Jung , Ho-Young Kim , Matteo Lo Preti , Cecilia Laschi , Ziyu Ren , Metin Sitti , Robert J. Full , Guang-Zhong Yang
{"title":"Bioinspired and biohybrid soft robots: Principles and emerging technologies","authors":"Zhengkun Chen , Jiafan Chen , Sohyun Jung , Ho-Young Kim , Matteo Lo Preti , Cecilia Laschi , Ziyu Ren , Metin Sitti , Robert J. Full , Guang-Zhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft robots have drawn increasing attention due to their inherent flexibility, deformability, and adaptability. The natural world, with its evolutionary refinement, presents the best source of inspiration for building soft robots. Creatures with sophisticated soft bodies and delicate mechanisms can be ideal biological models. This perspective focuses on bioinspired and biohybrid soft robots, providing a comprehensive review of the latest research in this area. We introduce the state-of-the-art principles of soft robots according to actuation, material selection, and sensing techniques. Based on biological classification methods used in nature, current research progress on biomimetic soft robots in animals, plants, and microorganisms is described. Emerging areas of interests are also highlighted for different biological species. Additionally, this paper explores the potential application areas of soft robots across various domains, outlining future challenges and ongoing developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102045"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.024
Shuai Guo , Songlin Zhang , Haochen Li , Siqi Liu , Junqiang Justin Koh , Mengjuan Zhou , Zhongda Sun , Yuan Liu , Hao Qu , Zhen Yu , Yaoxin Zhang , Lin Yang , Wei Chen , Chaobin He , Chengkuo Lee , Dongsheng Mao , Sai Kishore Ravi , Yuekun Lai , Swee Ching Tan
{"title":"Precisely manipulating polymer chain interactions for multifunctional hydrogels","authors":"Shuai Guo , Songlin Zhang , Haochen Li , Siqi Liu , Junqiang Justin Koh , Mengjuan Zhou , Zhongda Sun , Yuan Liu , Hao Qu , Zhen Yu , Yaoxin Zhang , Lin Yang , Wei Chen , Chaobin He , Chengkuo Lee , Dongsheng Mao , Sai Kishore Ravi , Yuekun Lai , Swee Ching Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretchable and conductive hydrogels are essential in wearable electronics but often suffer from poor mechanical strength, large strain hysteresis, or deteriorated stability due to suboptimal polymer chain interactions. Here, we propose a precise inter-/intra-polymer-chain-interaction manipulation approach that endows hydrogels with excellent performance and multifunctionality. Our hydrogels exhibit high softness (∼200 kPa modulus), stretchability (∼180%), and conductivity (∼20 S/m) and excellent rebound resilience (energy loss coefficient <0.15). They also demonstrate excellent water retention and stability at room temperature. As a self-powered tactile sensor, these hydrogels can detect large strains at high frequencies (up to 50 Hz) and tiny stimuli (∼0.2% strain or 5 Pa pressure) with fast response time (42 ms). The key success lies in unique hydrogen bond networks and polymer chain entanglements achieved through plasticizer softening, freezing-thawing, and salt-soaking processes. This approach provides a fundamental solution and valuable insights for preparing intrinsically stretchable and conductive hydrogels for versatile applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 101785"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102006
Julie Baillet , John H. Klich , Ben S. Ou , Emily L. Meany , Jerry Yan , Theodora U.J. Bruun , Ashley Utz , Carolyn K. Jons , Sebastien Lecommandoux , Eric A. Appel
{"title":"Sustained exposure to multivalent antigen-decorated nanoparticles generates broad anti-coronavirus responses","authors":"Julie Baillet , John H. Klich , Ben S. Ou , Emily L. Meany , Jerry Yan , Theodora U.J. Bruun , Ashley Utz , Carolyn K. Jons , Sebastien Lecommandoux , Eric A. Appel","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The threat of future coronavirus pandemics requires developing effective vaccine technologies that provide broad and long-lasting protection against circulating and emerging strains. Here, we report a multivalent liposomal hydrogel depot vaccine technology comprising the receptor binding domain (RBD) of up to four relevant coronavirus strains from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and <em>Middle East respiratory syndrome</em> (MERS) non-covalently displayed on the surface of the liposomes within the hydrogel structure. The multivalent presentation and sustained exposure of RBD antigens improved the potency, neutralizing activity, durability, and consistency of antibody responses across homologous and heterologous coronavirus strains in a naive murine model. When administrated in animals pre-exposed to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens, liposomal hydrogels elicited durable antibody responses against the homologous SARS and MERS strains for more than 6 months and elicited neutralizing activity against the immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron BA.4/BA.5. Overall, the tunable liposomal hydrogel platform we report here generates robust responses against diverse coronaviruses, supporting global efforts to respond to future viral outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102009
Man Luo , Zikai Xie , Huirong Li , Baicheng Zhang , Jiaqi Cao , Yan Huang , Hang Qu , Qing Zhu , Linjiang Chen , Jun Jiang , Yi Luo
{"title":"Physics-informed, dual-objective optimization of high-entropy-alloy nanozymes by a robotic AI chemist","authors":"Man Luo , Zikai Xie , Huirong Li , Baicheng Zhang , Jiaqi Cao , Yan Huang , Hang Qu , Qing Zhu , Linjiang Chen , Jun Jiang , Yi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering artificial nanozymes as substitutes for natural enzymes presents a significant challenge. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) show great promise for mimicking peroxidase (POD) activity, yet discovering HEAs that surpass the catalytic efficiency of natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) remains a formidable task. In this study, we developed a robotic artificial intelligence chemist integrating theoretical calculations, machine learning, Bayesian optimization (BO), and on-the-fly data analysis by a large language model (LLM). At the core of our approach is a physics-informed, multi-objective optimization framework that simultaneously optimizes multiple key properties of nanozymes. By incorporating an auxiliary knowledge model and leveraging collaborative LLM-in-the-loop feedback, we significantly enhanced the BO process, accelerating the data-driven discovery. This integrated approach outperformed both random sampling and standard BO, enabling efficient exploration of the vast chemical space and the identification of HEAs with POD-mimicking properties that exceed those of the natural enzyme and previously reported HEA and single-atom catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102009"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102001
KyuJung Jun , Grace Wei , Xiaochen Yang , Yu Chen , Gerbrand Ceder
{"title":"Exploring the soft cradle effect and ionic transport mechanisms in the LiMXCl4 superionic conductor family","authors":"KyuJung Jun , Grace Wei , Xiaochen Yang , Yu Chen , Gerbrand Ceder","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiMXCl<sub>4</sub>, a recently discovered lithium superionic conductor, achieves Li conductivity up to 12.4 mS/cm at room temperature. Notably, LiNbOCl<sub>4</sub> features flexible, rotating polyhedra, potentially explaining its high ionic conductivity. However, the generalizability of these findings across different chemistries and the direct link between polyhedra rotations and Li-ion mobility remain unclear. In this study, we explore various M-cation and X-anion substitutions in the LiMXCl<sub>4</sub> system, identifying fluoro-chlorides as promising for enhancing electrochemical stability while maintaining high ionic conductivity. Meyer-Neldel analysis on <em>ab initio</em> simulations reveals that LiMXCl<sub>4</sub> outperforms existing halide conductors, with projected conductivities of 10–100 mS/cm. Our probabilistic analysis of lithium-ion hops and small-angle tilting events reveals a “soft cradle effect,” where weakly bound M-octahedra tilt in conjunction with Li-ion hops, optimizing the energy landscape. This work provides fundamental insights into the factors driving high ionic conductivity in non-close-packed oxyhalide systems and suggests exciting directions for further improving these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102001"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102007
Cuiying Ye , Di Liu , Yikui Gao , Fan Liu , Hongxuan Xu , Tao Jiang , Zhong Lin Wang
{"title":"Electrostatic breakdown at liquid-solid-gas triple-phase interfaces owing to contact electrification","authors":"Cuiying Ye , Di Liu , Yikui Gao , Fan Liu , Hongxuan Xu , Tao Jiang , Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrification at water-solid interfaces, which enhances interfacial physical and chemical reactions, plays a crucial role in energy fields. However, the fundamental limits on charge transfer due to contact electrification (CE) at these interfaces remain poorly understood. Here, we first demonstrate electrostatic breakdown (EB) in the vicinity of liquid-solid-gas interfaces, which is attributed to the enhanced electric field in the gas close to the triple-phase contact line. Furthermore, we discover the significant impact of distant conductors on the interface electric field depending on their locations and grounding statuses and observe two types of breakdowns. Guided by an established physical model of breakdown, we achieve a record-high charge density of 1.36 mC m<sup>−2</sup> in CE at water-insulator interfaces. Finally, we show the broad impact of EB on energy harvesting, surface wettability, and droplet motion at water-insulator interfaces. This previously unexplored EB phenomenon could offer new insights into interfacial charge and energy exchange at water-solid interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102007"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102038
Tianli Hu , Ka Sin Lui , Eira Beryle Ko , Yayi Zhao , Qizheng Zhang , Huaxin Yang , Mengjia Zheng , Hao Chang , Baolin Guo , Allen Ka Loon Cheung , Chenjie Xu
{"title":"Microneedles with an anisotropic porous microstructure facilitate the transdermal delivery of small molecules, lipid nanoparticles, and T cells","authors":"Tianli Hu , Ka Sin Lui , Eira Beryle Ko , Yayi Zhao , Qizheng Zhang , Huaxin Yang , Mengjia Zheng , Hao Chang , Baolin Guo , Allen Ka Loon Cheung , Chenjie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous microneedles (MNs) offer optimal performance for drug delivery and biofluid sampling. However, current porous MNs suffer from randomly interconnected pores, and existing fabrication methods lack control over pore diameter and orientation. This study employs a freeze-casting technique to precisely control these parameters in MNs, inspired by the anisotropic porous structure of wood xylem. This specialized microstructure enables rapid liquid absorption from the tips to the base within seconds, making it an effective tear-sampling tool to monitor tear biomarkers—a capability confirmed in rat models of dry-eye disease and diabetes. Additionally, these anisotropic porous MNs facilitate the active loading of various drugs, including γδ T cells, from the base to the tips without the need for specialized equipment. The delivery of γδ T cells via MNs has shown efficacy against tumors in both xenograft melanoma and pleural mesothelioma mouse models, presenting a novel approach to adoptive cell therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102038"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MatterPub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102030
Huili Ren , Jing Li , Lifeng Chi
{"title":"Janus design toward fabricating ferromagnetic graphene nanoribbons","authors":"Huili Ren , Jing Li , Lifeng Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Janus, the two-faced Roman god symbolizing the past and future, has inspired material science with “Janus” structures, characterized by differing properties on opposite sides. Reporting in <em>Nature</em>, Lu, Louie, Sakaguchi, and co-workers recently realized this concept in an asymmetrical one-dimensional graphene strip with contrasting edges, termed the “Janus graphene nanoribbon,” which exhibits a unique and intriguing magnetism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102030"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}