Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.001
Thomas Grippi, Andrii Maximenko, Runjian Jiang, Donald Olumor, Elisa Torresani, Eugene Olevsky
{"title":"Rapid sintering for enhancing mechanical properties of cold-sprayed Al6061 and SS316L","authors":"Thomas Grippi, Andrii Maximenko, Runjian Jiang, Donald Olumor, Elisa Torresani, Eugene Olevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold spray (CS) is a solid-state additive manufacturing technique used to produce dense metallic structures with minimal oxidation. However, as-sprayed deposits typically require post-processing to enhance mechanical performance. This study explores the effects of sintering on cold-sprayed Aluminum 6061 (Al6061) and Stainless Steel 316 L (SS316L). Fast Spark Plasma sintering at 400 °C for 15 min had negligible impact on Al6061, while SS316L exhibited notable improvements in ductility and strength following sintering at 1200 °C. Comparable enhancements were also achieved using an ultra-high heating rate sintering process in under three minutes. These findings underscore the potential of rapid sintering as an efficient and effective approach for strengthening cold-sprayed SS316L in advanced manufacturing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.004
Marlon Hahn
{"title":"Novel prediction and interpretation of nonlinear forming limits for sheet metals","authors":"Marlon Hahn","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forming Limit Curves (FLC) are an established criterion for the onset of necking in sheet metals. But they are strictly just valid for linear strain paths while real components usually show nonlinear strain histories. Approaches dealing with that exist but their predictions are often either not correct enough or they need a high additional effort. A new strain-based criterion is developed, called Updated Forming Limit (UFL), which only takes the regular FLC as input. First comparisons with available data on two steels prove that the phenomenological UFL is more accurate than other strain-based criteria. So far, this applies to laboratory-strain paths with one defined path change, and to two more complicated industrial examples where intermediate path changes also comprise shear states. The analysis demonstrates when increased, decreased, or equal equivalent plastic strains can be reached in relation to the underlying FLC. The UFL is fairly easy to implement for postprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.005
Rakshith Reddy Sanvelly, Mohammad Arjomandi, Tuhin Mukherjee
{"title":"Controlling molten pool instability-induced humping in wire arc deposition using mechanistic augmented learning","authors":"Rakshith Reddy Sanvelly, Mohammad Arjomandi, Tuhin Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humping is a common defect in wire arc deposition that arises from molten pool instabilities, leading to poor surface quality, increased post-processing, and reduced structural integrity of components. Traditional approaches to suppress humping rely on empirical process parameter adjustment or computationally intensive physics-based models, both of which have limited generalizability across materials and operating conditions. In this work, we introduce a mechanistic augmented learning framework that integrates mechanistic modeling with machine learning to predict and control humping. A mechanistic model was first developed to calculate temperature and molten pool dimensions from processing conditions and validated using high-speed imaging. Results showed that increasing scanning speed reduced molten pool depth and bead height, while lower speeds stabilized track profiles. Dimensionless descriptors, Richardson number and pool aspect ratio, were identified as critical predictors of molten pool stability. A support vector machine classifier trained on these computed variables successfully separated seventy nine experimental cases into humping and no-humping regimes across three alloys. Confocal microscopy of the tracks deposited using our own collaborative robot-assisted wire arc system confirmed that tracks in the predicted safe region (low Richardson number and aspect ratio) exhibited smooth, uniform surfaces with minimal height deviation. The resulting process maps provide a transferable, physics-informed pathway for controlling humping in wire arc deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.004
Danny Hoang , Anandkumar Patel , Ruimen Chen , Rajiv Malhotra , Farhad Imani
{"title":"Hyperdimensional computing for sustainable manufacturing: an initial assessment","authors":"Danny Hoang , Anandkumar Patel , Ruimen Chen , Rajiv Malhotra , Farhad Imani","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart manufacturing can significantly improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption, yet the energy demands of AI models may offset these gains. This study utilizes in situ sensing-based prediction of geometric quality in smart machining to compare the energy consumption, accuracy, and speed of common AI models. HyperDimensional Computing (HDC) is introduced as an alternative, achieving accuracy comparable to conventional models while drastically reducing energy consumption, 200<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> for training and 175 to 1000<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> for inference. Furthermore, HDC reduces training times by 200<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> and inference times by 300 to 600<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span>, showcasing its potential for energy-efficient smart manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.002
Emma Salatiello, Silvestro Vespoli, Andrea Grassi, Guido Guizzi
{"title":"An innovative hybrid architecture to overcome misreporting in supply chain coordination under information asymmetry","authors":"Emma Salatiello, Silvestro Vespoli, Andrea Grassi, Guido Guizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the modern supply chain landscape, achieving effective coordination is challenging due to information asymmetry and misreporting behaviour. This paper proposes a hybrid architecture combining centralised data management through an Intelligent Mediator with decentralised decision-making. The architecture allows actors to maintain autonomy while promoting truthful information sharing via credibility scoring. By dynamically adjusting for data reliability and aligning individual objectives with overall supply chain goals, the system reduces misinformation impact and builds trust among actors. This framework provides a proactive solution through adaptive feedback loops, fostering stability in complex supply chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 58-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.003
Hui Wang , Tianyou Li , Shunjie Yao , Huali Zhang
{"title":"A new insight into plastic deformation behavior and its effect on pull-out failure of resistance spot welds during cross-tension testing","authors":"Hui Wang , Tianyou Li , Shunjie Yao , Huali Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been widely reported that softening heat-affected-zone (HAZ) of resistance spot welds (RSW) usually results in improved weld mechanical performance. This study attempted to explain this phenomenon from a new insight into the plastic deformation behavior and its effect on pull-out failure during cross-tension (CT) testing. Finite element (FE) modelling was conducted to simulate the plastic deformation behaviors of a hard and a soft dual-phase (DP) steel welds during CT testing. After experimentally validated, the numerical predictions were analyzed. Firstly, FE predictions show that the deformation around the weld circumference is more uniform in the soft DP steel than the hard steel, which means a relatively larger fraction of the weld circumference involved in the deformation and bearing loading in the soft steel. Secondly, the relatively higher displacement of the soft steel leads to a larger fraction of weld circumference involving into deformation. The HAZ strength alters the deformation mode via these two factors, and these two factors are believed to be additional reasons for why HAZ softening improves RSW mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.003
Julian-Tobias Schleich , Julius Max Jakob Siegmund , Minh Tien Phan , Philipp-Cornelius Pott , Hans Jürgen Maier , Christian Klose
{"title":"Co-extrusion of internally oxidized Nb-1Zr: An avenue to new load-bearing implants","authors":"Julian-Tobias Schleich , Julius Max Jakob Siegmund , Minh Tien Phan , Philipp-Cornelius Pott , Hans Jürgen Maier , Christian Klose","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Niobium-zirconium alloys like Nb-1Zr offer high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, with a lower Young’s modulus than Ti-6Al-4V, but their strength is limited due to a coarse grain structure. In this study, alloy strength is enhanced through controlled internal oxidation. Pre-oxidizing Nb-1Zr powder at 620 °C for 0, 60, and 120 min prior to co-extrusion increased 0.2% offset compression yield stress from 829 to 937 MPa. The improved strength is due to a fine-grained structure and high dislocation density. Longer oxidation times increased brittle niobium oxides. Future work will refine oxidation to tailor the properties of these alloys for load-bearing implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.002
Zhetao Liang , Peng Li , Jiayan Lv , Shuhui Wang , Yinbao Tian
{"title":"Microstructure and properties of Ti-Fe deposition layers fabricated in situ by wire arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Zhetao Liang , Peng Li , Jiayan Lv , Shuhui Wang , Yinbao Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the low surface hardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Ti-Fe deposition layers were fabricated on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate using dual-wire arc additive manufacturing (D-WAAM) with Ti and Fe wires. The microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the deposited layer were systematically investigated. Elemental analysis revealed a gradual diffusion of Fe and Ti along the build height, forming a compositional transition zone near the substrate. XRD and EDS results confirmed that the deposited layer consisted mainly of α-Ti and Ti<sub>2</sub>Fe phases. The microstructure evolved from plate-like to needle-like and eventually to fibrous morphologies with increasing deposition height, indicating progressive refinement. The microhardness increased from 320 HV<sub>0.2</sub> at the substrate to a maximum of 677 HV<sub>0.2</sub> at the top, primarily due to Fe solid-solution strengthening, Ti<sub>2</sub>Fe precipitation, and grain refinement. The tensile strength reached 713 MPa, slightly higher than Ti-6Al-4V, while fracture analysis showed brittle features caused by Ti<sub>2</sub>Fe formation. These findings demonstrate that in-situ alloying via D-WAAM effectively enhances surface hardness, offering a promising approach to strengthening Ti alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manufacturing LettersPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.005
Mario Cvetkoski , Hossein Najaf Zadeh
{"title":"Exploring commercial PHA filament for more eco-friendly 3D printing","authors":"Mario Cvetkoski , Hossein Najaf Zadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a new-to-market polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) filament as a drop-in replacement for polylactic Acid (PLA) to reduce the environmental impact of FFF 3D printing. It provides insights into printability, mechanical performance, and biodegradability. PHA demonstrated comparable aesthetic print outcomes to PLA but exhibited bed adhesion issues and lower mechanical strength, except for toughness. Significantly, PHA samples recorded noticeable biodegradation within months under indoor soil and home compost conditions. These findings offer practical insight into the real-world performance of pure PHA filament, supporting its potential for low-load, eco-conscious prototyping applications where post-use home biodegradability is a desirable and achievable outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metallurgical investigation on the joining of dissimilar metallic pipes (Cu-SS304) using microwave energy","authors":"Ankush Thakur , Raman Bedi , Virinder Kumar , Ashwani Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissimilar metal joining presents a practical approach in materials engineering, especially for fabricating lightweight structures, heat exchangers, and components used in refrigeration and the oil and gas industries. The application of microwave energy for joining dissimilar metallic pipes remains unexplored, highlighting a significant gap in the existing literature. The microwave joining of Cu-SS304 is yet to be explored due to challenges caused by the higher thermal conductivity of copper material. This study examines the microwave-assisted joining of dissimilar metallic pipes (Copper -SS304) conducted at an exposure duration of 840 s. Microstructural characterization reveals the presence of finer grains on the SS304 side, whereas the copper side exhibits comparatively coarser grains. Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) analysis of the Cu–SS304 joint indicates a predominance of recrystallized grains, which correlates with improved mechanical performance as reflected in microhardness values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}