{"title":"Optical microscopy for surface investigations of pebbles stone","authors":"Nagendra Yadav, Shuyang He, Zhengpeng Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation of surface features and quality improvement of natural stones using optical microscopy is a prominent area of research. Pebbles, which are commonly found in nature and exhibit diverse shapes, possess significant characteristics such as surface texture, ripples, and roughness. These features are important for both scientific research and industrial applications. Recently, advancements in optical microscopic imaging techniques have made it possible to efficiently and accurately characterize these surface features of pebbles, establishing it as a key research focus. This paper highlights the unique advantages of Parameter Indirect Microscopy Imaging (PIMI) technology in analyzing the surface features of pebbles, comparing it with Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) software. The resolution of the stone images obtained has been calculated and found to closely align with the FDTD simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel direct hot rolling process for sustainable recycling of AA3105 aluminum chips using a protective envelopment","authors":"M. El Mehtedi, M. Carta, P. Buonadonna","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a novel recycling process for AA3105 aluminum chips, incorporating an AA1050 aluminum envelope to facilitate the use of lubricants and improve surface quality without compromising chip bonding. The process, conducted at 540 °C, enhances microstructural uniformity, mechanical properties, and surface finish, addressing key challenges associated with traditional recycling methods. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy and SEM confirmed effective chip consolidation, with minimal defects and elongated grain structures aligned along the rolling direction. Tensile testing revealed enhanced mechanical properties with a yield strength of 99 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 139 MPa, and elongation at break of 16.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of beam shaping on temperature, pool geometry, and cooling rate in laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Satyaki Sinha, Tuhin Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser beam shaping is a process of adjusting the intensity profile of the beam to generate an optimal energy distribution at a specific location. In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), the shape of the laser beam impacts peak temperature, melt pool geometry, and cooling rates, however, a detailed scientific understanding of these effects is lacking. In this research, a 3D transient heat transfer model is implemented to investigate the dependence of temperature fields, melt pool geometry, and cooling rates on six different laser beam shapes: Gaussian, elliptical-Gaussian, top hat, flat top, ring-shaped, and adjustable mode beam. The model results are validated using experimental data for different beam shapes during LPBF of an aluminum alloy, AlSi10Mg. We found that a Gaussian beam, with its concentrated power, results in high peak temperatures and a larger melt pool with slow cooling, whereas an elliptical Gaussian beam produces a wider pool. The top hat and flat top beams distribute power more uniformly, leading to lower peak temperatures and faster cooling, with the flat top beam creating a wider but shallower pool. The ring-shaped beam, spreading energy over a larger area, significantly reduces peak temperature and cooling rate, while the adjustable mode beam with 80 % power in the outer ring exhibits similar temperature fields and pool dimensions to the ring-shaped beam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zefeng Wang , Jie Tang , Jinwen Zhong , Hanqing Shi
{"title":"Enhancing surface treatment performance of water cavitation jet peening by dissolving CO2","authors":"Zefeng Wang , Jie Tang , Jinwen Zhong , Hanqing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inducing compressive residual stress into surface layer is believed to enhance fatigue strength of materials. Water cavitation jet peening (WCJP) is recommended because of its high efficiency and uniform processing. This work proposes an enhanced WCJP technology by dissolving carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Mass loss, Vickers hardness, surface profile, residual stress, cavitation pit and grain size of the processed Aluminum were investigated. Results indicate that appropriate CO<sub>2</sub> dissolution promotes cavitation peening with less surface distortion. The induced compressive residual stress is 28.6 % larger than pure waterjet peening. CO<sub>2</sub> content of 200 mg/L is recommended to obtain a desired peening performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Kopec , Dominika Przygucka , Ryszard Sitek , Stanisław Jóźwiak
{"title":"Orientation-dependent low-cycle fatigue and grain boundary evolution in DMLS-fabricated Haynes 282 superalloy","authors":"Mateusz Kopec , Dominika Przygucka , Ryszard Sitek , Stanisław Jóźwiak","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of build orientation on the fatigue performance of Haynes 282 alloy manufactured via Direct Metal Laser Sintering at 0°, 45°, and 90°. Fatigue tests revealed superior service life for 0° and 45° orientations, attributed to equiaxed grains and high-angle grain boundaries identified by EBSD. Vertical builds exhibited columnar grains and reduced fatigue resistance. This work provides the first systematic correlation between grain boundary character and low-cycle fatigue behavior in DMLS-manufactured Haynes 282, expanding current understanding beyond Inconel-based systems and offering insights for orientation-based design optimization in critical high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nils Schmidt, Jan Peters, Tountzer Tsagkir Dereli, Monika Kipp, Dirk Biermann
{"title":"Advances in digitizing the topography of vitrified bonded aluminum oxide grinding wheels","authors":"Nils Schmidt, Jan Peters, Tountzer Tsagkir Dereli, Monika Kipp, Dirk Biermann","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grinding wheel topography is an important factor contributing to the grinding process result and an essential component for many simulation methods. While vitrified bonded aluminum oxide grinding wheels are widely used in the industry, measuring their topography is difficult. The optical properties of grains and bond, exhibiting highly variable slopes, transparency and specular reflections, impede the direct measurement using optical measuring instruments. Hence, a method of combining multiple measurements with varied illumination settings is proposed. Combining 20 measurements, the percentage of non-measured points for the examined specimen could be reduced from 93.6 % to 30.3 % compared to a single measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of crack-free functionally graded Ti64/TNM-B1 material using laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Hatem A. Soliman, Mohamed Elbestawi","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The processing of Titanium Aluminides (TiAls) and Ti64 significantly benefits aerospace applications due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Ti64 is commonly used for turbine disks, while TiAl is utilized for low-pressure blades. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) can facilitate the seamless integration of these materials, where reducing connections is essential for weight savings. However, challenges remain, such as variations in thermal expansion coefficients and the potential for crack formation during L-PBF. This study develops a functional graded material from Ti64 to TNM-B1 in 20 % increments, for the first time using L-PBF without cracks, followed by post-processing to enhance the microstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-speed robotic friction stir lap welding of three stack aluminum alloy assembly for automotive applications","authors":"Hrishikesh Das, Shivakant Shukla, Piyush Upadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the first experimental demonstration of high-speed (1 m/min) robotic friction stir lap welding for three-sheet (3T) stack-ups of both similar and dissimilar aluminum alloys, including wrought and cast forms. The mechanical performance of the joints under lap shear, T-peel, and U-peel/KSII loading were evaluated. A novel U-peel/KSII configuration, applied for the first time for linear joints demonstrates the role of stitch welds in arresting crack growth. These results establish the feasibility of using robotic FSLW for complex, high-volume automotive structures while maintaining high weld quality at industrially relevant speeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of repeatability of topographic measurements based on multiscale analysis","authors":"Damian Gogolewski","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a new method, based on wavelet transformation, for evaluation repeatability during optical measurements of surface topography. Repeated measurements are made with the same parameters without repositioning the measuring object. The analysis carried out proved differences in the variability of surface irregularities with respect to scale. On the surface it is possible to distinguish a number of morphological features which, during the realization of subsequent measurements, were defined by a different distribution of irregularity height, resulting in highlighting measurement errors. The analysis showed that these changes are particularly visible for scales up to 13 μm, nevertheless for larger scales the differences occur only in selected sections of the profile and not along the entire length, which has a direct correlation with the occurrence of peak or valley. For small scales, slight shifts of certain morphological features in corresponding profiles were noted, as highlighted by the varying orientation of the arrows. The study has the potential for practical use in both the research field and industrial applications, and can contribute to supplementing the current standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shear strength at the interface between polylactic-acid and thermoplastic polyurethane layers processed with multi-material additive manufacturing","authors":"Rahmat Riza , Muslim Mahardika , Budi Arifvianto","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-material additive manufacturing for joining two dissimilar polymers, such as the rigid polylactic-acid and the flexible thermoplastic polyurethane, has gained attention of researchers. However, the interaction between these two printed materials remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the shear strength at the interface between PLA and TPU materials, joined through fused filament fabrication, using peel-off testing following ASTM 3163-01 standard. The results revealed low shear strength at the interface of these two printed materials, indicating that their bonding mechanism was primarily driven by surface contact. Furthermore, the applied raster angles significantly influenced the measured shear strength of the printed materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}