Learning through development of a digital manufacturing system in a learning factory using low-code/no-code platforms

Abstract

This study demonstrates how low-code/no-code (LCNC) platforms can enable undergraduate students without software development backgrounds to design and build digital manufacturing systems. Students developed an IoT-enabled Manufacturing Execution System using Tulip Interfaces—an LCNC platform, focusing on applications like inventory tracking, machine monitoring, and digital work instructions in the FrED Factory—a learning factory at MIT. Evaluation through a pilot study showed students gained a strong understanding of smart manufacturing concepts while spending most of their time on systems design rather than software development. Individual interviews followed by a post-interview survey highlighted that the average percentage of time split between systems design and debugging the LCNC platform was 70–30% respectively. Additionally, all students responded with “strongly agree” to the question of whether the project enhanced their understanding of smart manufacturing concepts. LCNC platforms offer a practical, accessible approach to teaching digital manufacturing and can accelerate skill development in both educational and industrial settings.