Schizophrenia Research-Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Verbal and visual learning ability in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study","authors":"Urska Arnautovska ,&nbsp;Kathryn Vitangcol ,&nbsp;James P. Kesby ,&nbsp;Nicola Warren ,&nbsp;Susan L. Rossell ,&nbsp;Erica Neill ,&nbsp;Anthony Harris ,&nbsp;Cherrie Galletly ,&nbsp;David Castle ,&nbsp;Dan Siskind","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In the general population, repeated cognitive testing produces learning effects with potential for improved test performance. It is currently unclear whether the same effect of repeated cognitive testing on cognition pertains to people living with schizophrenia, a condition often associated with significant cognitive impairments. This study aims to evaluate learning ability in people with schizophrenia and—considering the evidence that antipsychotic medication can additionally impair cognitive performance—explore the potential impact of anticholinergic burden on verbal and visual learning.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study included 86 patients with schizophrenia, treated with clozapine, who had persisting negative symptoms. They were assessed at baseline, weeks 8, 24 and 52 using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R (BVMT-R).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no significant improvements in verbal or visual learning across all measurements. Neither the clozapine/norclozapine ratio nor anticholinergic cognitive burden significantly predicted participants' total learning. Premorbid IQ was significantly associated with verbal learning on the HVLT-R.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings advance our understanding of cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia and demonstrate limited learning performance in individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063404/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of six-month outpatient cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Experience from the randomized controlled integrated social cognition and social skills therapy study","authors":"Tim Schuster ,&nbsp;Agnes Lowe ,&nbsp;Karolin Weide ,&nbsp;Daniel Kamp ,&nbsp;Mathias Riesbeck ,&nbsp;Andreas Bechdolf ,&nbsp;Anke Brockhaus-Dumke ,&nbsp;René Hurlemann ,&nbsp;Ana Muthesius ,&nbsp;Stefan Klingberg ,&nbsp;Martin Hellmich ,&nbsp;Sabine Schmied ,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wölwer ,&nbsp;the ISST study group","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with schizophrenia often have cognitive impairments that contribute to diminished psychosocial functioning. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven efficacy and is recommended by evidence-based treatment guidelines. Important moderators of efficacy include integration of CRT into a psychiatric rehabilitation concept and patient attendance at a sufficient number of therapy sessions. These conditions can probably best be met in an outpatient setting; however, outpatient treatment is prone to higher rates of treatment discontinuation and outpatient settings are not as well protected as inpatient ones and less closely supervised.</p><p>The present study investigated the feasibility of outpatient CRT in schizophrenia over a six-month period. Adherence to scheduled sessions and safety parameters were assessed in 177 patients with schizophrenia randomly assigned to one of two matched CRT programs.</p><p>Results showed that 58.8 % of participants completed the CRT (&gt;80 % of scheduled sessions) and 72.9 % completed at least half the sessions. Predictor analysis revealed a high verbal intelligence quotient as favorable for good adherence, but this factor had only low general predictive power. During the six-month treatment phase, serious adverse events occurred in 15.8 % (28/177) of the patients, which is a comparable rate to that reported in the literature.</p><p>Our findings support the feasibility of six-month outpatient CRT in schizophrenia in terms of adherence to scheduled sessions and safety.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p><span>NCT02678858</span><svg><path></path></svg>, DRKS00010033.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/5c/main.PMC10163670.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive function and mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","authors":"Christine Mohn ,&nbsp;Anna-Karin Olsson ,&nbsp;Iris van Dijk Härd ,&nbsp;Lars Helldin","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have significantly lower life-expectancy than healthy people. Previously, we have identified baseline neurocognitive function in general and verbal memory and executive function in particular as related to mortality nearly two decades later. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings with a larger and age-matched sample. The patient group consisted of 252 individuals, 44 of whom were deceased and 206 alive. Neurocognition was assessed with a comprehensive battery. Results showed that the deceased group, compared to the living group, had significantly more severe neurocognitive deficits across nearly all domains. There were no differences in sex, remission status, psychosis symptoms, or function level between the groups. Immediate verbal memory and executive function were the strongest predictors of survival status. These results were nearly identical to our previous studies, and we conclude that baseline neurocognitive function is an important predictor for mortality in SSD. Clinicians should be mindful of this relationship in patients with significant cognitive deficits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106500/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movements and the perceptual span in disordered reading: A comparison of schizophrenia and dyslexia","authors":"Veronica Whitford ,&nbsp;Narissa Byers ,&nbsp;Gillian A. O'Driscoll ,&nbsp;Debra Titone","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing evidence of a common neurodevelopmental etiology between schizophrenia and developmental dyslexia suggests that neurocognitive functions, such as reading, may be similarly disrupted. However, direct comparisons of reading performance in these disorders have yet to be conducted. To address this gap in the literature, we employed a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to examine sentence-level reading fluency and perceptual span (breadth of parafoveal processing) in adults with schizophrenia (dataset from Whitford et al., 2013) and psychiatrically healthy adults with dyslexia (newly collected dataset). We found that the schizophrenia and dyslexia groups exhibited similar reductions in sentence-level reading fluency (e.g., slower reading rates, more regressions) compared to matched controls. Similar reductions were also found for standardized language/reading and executive functioning measures. However, despite these reductions, the dyslexia group exhibited a larger perceptual span (greater parafoveal processing) than the schizophrenia group, potentially reflecting a disruption in normal foveal-parafoveal processing dynamics. Taken together, our findings suggest that reading and reading-related functions are largely similarly disrupted in schizophrenia and dyslexia, providing additional support for a common neurodevelopmental etiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/45/main.PMC10331593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to themed collection: Cognition in China from 2020 to 2022","authors":"Philip D. Harveyc","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/5d/main.PMC10039293.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9547116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating construct and criterion validity of NeuroScreen in assessing neurocognition among hospitalized Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients","authors":"Nana Asiedu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga ,&nbsp;Dickens Akena ,&nbsp;Corey Morrison ,&nbsp;Joy Louise Gumikiriza-Onoria ,&nbsp;Angel Nanteza ,&nbsp;Juliet Nakku ,&nbsp;Nastassja Koen ,&nbsp;Noeline Nakasujja ,&nbsp;Wilber Ssembajjwe ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Ferraris ,&nbsp;Anthony F. Santoro ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein ,&nbsp;Reuben N. Robbins","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is commonly exhibited among patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis. However, there are few resources in many low-income countries, such as Uganda, that allow for the administration of extensive neurocognitive test batteries for the detection of NCI. <em>NeuroScreen</em> is a brief tablet-based neurocognitive assessment battery that can be administered by all levels of healthcare staff. We examined the validity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in Uganda.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 112 participants FEP patients and matched controls at Butabika Mental Referral Hospital. Each participant completed <em>NeuroScreen</em> and a traditionally administered neurocognitive battery: the MATRIC Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). We examined correlations between participant performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB. A ROC curve determined sensitivity and specificity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to detect NCI as determined by MCCB criterion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a large, statistically significant correlation between overall performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB [<em>r</em>(112) = 0.64, <em>p</em> &lt; .001]. Small to large correlations were found between tests in the MCCB and <em>NeuroScreen</em> batteries. The ROC curve of <em>NeuroScreen</em> performance to detect MCCB-defined NCI had an area under curve of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity and specificity of 83 % and 60 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There was a moderate positive correlation between overall performance on both batteries. <em>NeuroScreen</em> shows promise as a valid assessment battery to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in FEP patients in Uganda. Further studies of <em>NeuroScreen</em> in healthy individuals and in a range of mental disorders are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/10/main.PMC9803945.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10533160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the insula in cognitive impairment of schizophrenia","authors":"Susanna Gebhardt ,&nbsp;Henry A. Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive impairment is one of the core clinical symptom domains of schizophrenia. Research shows that cognitive deficits in this neuropsychiatric syndrome is associated with neurodevelopmental pathology affecting multiple brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the parietal lobe. The insula is a relatively small structure that is highly connected with several brain regions as well as multiple brain networks. A large number of studies have reported the involvement of the insula in many of the psychotic and nonpsychotic manifestations of schizophrenia. Here we review the role of the insula as a hub across key neurocircuits which have been implicated in the various cognitive pathologies in schizophrenia. Structural and functional abnormalities in the right and left insulae may serve as a biomarker for susceptibility to schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/81/main.PMC9841050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10555540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and non-spatial feature binding impairments in visual working memory in schizophrenia","authors":"Antigoni Belekou ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu ,&nbsp;Neil Michael Dundon ,&nbsp;Giovanni d'Avossa ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Smyrnis","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Working memory (WM) impairments are well recognized in schizophrenia patients (PSZ) and contribute to poor psycho-social outcomes in this population. Distinct neural networks underlay the ability to encode and recall visual and spatial information raising the possibility that profile of visual working memory performance may help pinpoint dysfunctional neural correlates in schizophrenia. This study assessed the resolution and associative aspects of visual working memory deficits in schizophrenia and whether these deficits arise during encoding or maintenance processes. A total of 60 participants (30 PSZ and 30 healthy controls) matched in age, gender and education assessed on a modified object in place (OiPT), a delayed non-match-to-sample (DNMST) and a delayed spatial estimation (DSET) task. Patients demonstrated lower accuracy than controls in binding visual features of the same object and recognizing novel objects as well as lower precision recalling the location of a memorized target. Moreover, response choice set size affected recognition accuracy more in PSZ than controls. However, delay duration affected spatial recall precisions, binding, and recognition accuracy equally in the two groups. Our results suggest that visual working memory (vWM) impairments in schizophrenia predominantly reflect spatial and non-spatial binding deficits, with largely preserved discrete feature information. Moreover, these impairments likely arise more during encoding than during maintenance. These binding deficits may reflect impaired effective neural functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/5c/main.PMC9930192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of task-based confidence in schizophrenia using seasonal decomposition approach","authors":"Varsha D. Badal ,&nbsp;Colin A. Depp ,&nbsp;Amy E. Pinkham ,&nbsp;Philip D. Harvey","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Introspective Accuracy (IA) is a metacognitive construct that refers to alignment of self-generated accuracy judgments, confidence, and objective information regarding performance. IA not only refers to accuracy and confidence during tasks, but also predicts functional outcomes. The consistency and magnitude of IA deficits suggest a sustained disconnect between self-assessments and actual performance. The cognitive origins of IA are unclear and are not simply due to poor performance. We tried to capture task and diagnosis-related differences through examining confidence as a timeseries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This relatively large sample (N = 171; Bipolar = 71, Schizophrenia = 100) study used item by item confidence judgments for tasks including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and the Emotion Recognition task (ER-40). Using a seasonal decomposition approach and AutoRegressive, Integrative and Moving Averages (ARIMA) time-series analyses we tested for the presence of randomness and perseveration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For the WCST, comparisons across participants with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder found similar trends and residuals, thus excluding perseverative or random responding. However, seasonal components were weaker in participants with schizophrenia, reflecting a reduced impact of feedback on confidence. In contrast, for the ER40, which does not require identification of a sustained construct, seasonal, trend, and residual analyses were highly comparable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Seasonal analysis revealed that confidence judgments in participants with schizophrenia on tasks requiring responses to feedback reflected diminished incorporation of external information, not random or preservative responding. These analyses highlight how time series analyses can specify potential faulty processes for future intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/14/main.PMC9883296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of early life stress and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls","authors":"Fanny Senner ,&nbsp;Thomas Schneider-Axmann ,&nbsp;Lalit Kaurani ,&nbsp;Jörg Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Jens Wiltfang ,&nbsp;Martin von Hagen ,&nbsp;Thomas Vogl ,&nbsp;Carsten Spitzer ,&nbsp;Simon Senner ,&nbsp;Eva C. Schulte ,&nbsp;Max Schmauß ,&nbsp;Sabrina K. Schaupp ,&nbsp;Jens Reimer ,&nbsp;Daniela Reich-Erkelenz ,&nbsp;Sergi Papiol ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour ,&nbsp;Fabian U. Lang ,&nbsp;Carsten Konrad ,&nbsp;Sophie-Kathrin Kirchner ,&nbsp;Janos L. Kalman ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Schulze","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As core symptoms of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits contribute substantially to poor outcomes. Early life stress (ELS) can negatively affect cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, but the exact nature of the mediating factors is unclear. Therefore, we investigated how ELS, education, and symptom burden are related to cognitive performance.</p><p>The sample comprised 215 patients with schizophrenia (age, 42.9 ± 12.0 years; 66.0 % male) and 197 healthy controls (age, 38.5 ± 16.4 years; 39.3 % male) from the PsyCourse Study. ELS was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS). We used analyses of covariance and correlation analyses to investigate the association of total ELS load and ELS subtypes with cognitive performance.</p><p>ELS was reported by 52.1 % of patients and 24.9 % of controls. Independent of ELS, cognitive performance on neuropsychological tests was lower in patients than controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). ELS load was more closely associated with neurocognitive deficits (cognitive composite score) in controls (<em>r</em> = −0.305, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) than in patients (<em>r</em> = −0.163, <em>p</em> = 0.033). Moreover, the higher the ELS load, the more cognitive deficits were found in controls (<em>r</em> = −0.200, <em>p</em> = 0.006), while in patients, this correlation was not significant after adjusting for PANSS.</p><p>ELS load was more strongly associated with cognitive deficits in healthy controls than in patients. In patients, disease-related positive and negative symptoms may mask the effects of ELS-related cognitive deficits. ELS subtypes were associated with impairments in various cognitive domains. Cognitive deficits appear to be mediated through higher symptom burden and lower educational level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9945796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}