Schizophrenia Research-Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Social cognition and apathy between two cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia: Are there the same or different profiles?","authors":"Shih-Kuang Chiang ,&nbsp;Shih-Min Lai ,&nbsp;Tsung-Ming Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cognitive impairment is an essential feature of schizophrenia, and it involves a broad array of nonsocial and social cognitive domains. This study aimed to examine whether there are the same or different social cognition profiles between two cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>There were one hundred and two chronic and institutionalized patients with schizophrenia from two referral tracks. One group is “Cognitively Normal Range” (CNR) (N = 52), and another group is “Below Normal Range” (BNR) (N = 50). We assessed or collected their apathy, emotional perception judgment, facial expression judgment, and empathy by the Apathy Evaluation Scale, the International Affective Picture System, the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expression of Emotion, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found different impairment profiles depending on the cognitive subtypes of the patient with schizophrenia. Surprisingly, the CNR presented impairments in apathy, emotional perception judgment, facial expression judgment, and empathy and feature impairment in empathy and affective apathy. In contrast, even though the BNR had significant neurocognition impairments, they had almost intact empathy with significantly impaired cognitive apathy. Both groups' global deficit scores (GDSs) were comparable, and all reached at least a mild impairment level.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The CNR and the BNR had similar abilities in emotional perception judgment and facial emotion recognition. They also had differentiable deficits in apathy and empathy. Our findings provide important clinical implications for neuropsychological pathology and treatment in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/c0/main.PMC10196718.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in social perception in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","authors":"Alvaro Cavieres,&nbsp;Vanessa Acuña,&nbsp;Marcelo Arancibia,&nbsp;Nicolas Lopetegui","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People with schizophrenia have difficulties recognizing other people's expressions, emotional states, and intentions; however, much less is known about their ability to perceive and understand social interactions. We used scenes depicting social situations to compare responses from 90 volunteers (healthy controls [HC], schizophrenia [SZ], and bipolar disorder [BD] outpatients from the Hospital del Salvador in Valparaíso, Chile) to the question: “What do you think is happening in the scene?” Independent blind raters assigned a score of 0 (absent), 1 (partial), or 2 (present) for each item based on whether the description identifies a) the context, b) the people, and c) the interaction depicted in the scenes. Regarding the context of the scenes, the SZ and BD groups scored significantly lower than the HC group, with no significant difference between the SZ and BD groups. Regarding the identification of the people and the interactions, the SZ group scored lower than the HC and BD groups, with no significant difference between the HC and BD groups. An ANCOVA was used to examine the relationship between diagnosis, cognitive performance, and the results of the social perception test. The diagnosis had an effect on context (<em>p</em> = .001) and people (<em>p</em> = .0001) but not on interactions (<em>p</em> = .08). Cognitive performance had a significant effect on interactions (<em>p</em> = .008) but not on context (<em>p</em> = .88) or people (<em>p</em> = .62). Our main result is that people with schizophrenia may have significant difficulties perceiving and understanding social encounters between other people.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/76/main.PMC10189461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9868454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do loneliness and social exclusion breed paranoia? An experience sampling investigation across the psychosis continuum","authors":"Victoria Bell ,&nbsp;Eva Velthorst ,&nbsp;Jorge Almansa ,&nbsp;Inez Myin-Germeys ,&nbsp;Sukhi Shergill ,&nbsp;Anne-Kathrin Fett","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The role of loneliness and social exclusion in the development of paranoia is largely unexplored. Negative affect may mediate potential associations between these factors. We investigated the temporal relationships of daily-life loneliness, felt social exclusion, negative affect, and paranoia across the psychosis continuum.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Seventy-five participants, including 29 individuals with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis, 20 first-degree relatives, and 26 controls used an Experience Sampling Method (ESM) app to capture the fluctuations in loneliness, feelings of social exclusion, paranoia, and negative affect across a 1-week period. Data were analysed with multilevel regression analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In all groups, loneliness and feelings of social exclusion were independent predictors of paranoia over time (b = 0.05, <em>p</em> &lt; .001 and b = 0.04, <em>p</em> &lt; .05, respectively). Negative affect predicted paranoia (b = 0.17, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and partially mediated the associations between loneliness, social exclusion, and paranoia. It also predicted loneliness (b = 0.15, <em>p</em> &lt; .0001), but not social exclusion (b = 0.04, <em>p</em> = .21) over time. Paranoia predicted social exclusion over time, with more pronounced effects in controls (b = 0.43) than patients (b = 0.19; relatives: b = 0.17); but not loneliness (b = 0.08, <em>p</em> = .16).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Paranoia and negative affect worsen in all groups following feelings of loneliness and social exclusion. This highlights the importance of a sense of belonging and being included for mental well-being. Loneliness, feeling socially excluded, and negative affect were independent predictors of paranoid thinking, suggesting they represent useful targets in its treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10064439/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained attention deficits in schizophrenia: Effect of memory load on the Identical Pairs Continuous Performance Test","authors":"Jenna Dutterer,&nbsp;Sonia Bansal,&nbsp;Benjamin Robinson,&nbsp;James M. Gold","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sustained attention and vigilance impairments are well documented in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). The processes implicated in this impairment remain unclear. Here we investigated whether vigilance performance varied as a function of working memory load, and also examined the role of attentional lapsing that might arise from a loss of task set resulting in mind wandering.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We examined Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) data from a cumulative sample of 247 (PSZ) and 238 healthy control (HC) participants collected over a series of studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PSZ performed more poorly that HC across conditions with signal/noise discrimination (d′) decreasing with increasing working memory load across both groups However, there was a significant interaction of group and load suggesting that performance of PSZ was more negatively impacted by increasing load. We also found that PSZ has a significantly higher rate of attention lapsing than did HC.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our results suggest that difficulties maintaining task set and working memory limitations are implicated in the impairments observed on the Identical Pairs CPT. Difficulties with task set maintenance appear to explain the majority of between-group variance, with a more subtle impact of increasing working memory load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/25/main.PMC10239014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal and visual learning ability in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study","authors":"Urska Arnautovska ,&nbsp;Kathryn Vitangcol ,&nbsp;James P. Kesby ,&nbsp;Nicola Warren ,&nbsp;Susan L. Rossell ,&nbsp;Erica Neill ,&nbsp;Anthony Harris ,&nbsp;Cherrie Galletly ,&nbsp;David Castle ,&nbsp;Dan Siskind","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In the general population, repeated cognitive testing produces learning effects with potential for improved test performance. It is currently unclear whether the same effect of repeated cognitive testing on cognition pertains to people living with schizophrenia, a condition often associated with significant cognitive impairments. This study aims to evaluate learning ability in people with schizophrenia and—considering the evidence that antipsychotic medication can additionally impair cognitive performance—explore the potential impact of anticholinergic burden on verbal and visual learning.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study included 86 patients with schizophrenia, treated with clozapine, who had persisting negative symptoms. They were assessed at baseline, weeks 8, 24 and 52 using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R (BVMT-R).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no significant improvements in verbal or visual learning across all measurements. Neither the clozapine/norclozapine ratio nor anticholinergic cognitive burden significantly predicted participants' total learning. Premorbid IQ was significantly associated with verbal learning on the HVLT-R.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings advance our understanding of cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia and demonstrate limited learning performance in individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063404/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of six-month outpatient cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Experience from the randomized controlled integrated social cognition and social skills therapy study","authors":"Tim Schuster ,&nbsp;Agnes Lowe ,&nbsp;Karolin Weide ,&nbsp;Daniel Kamp ,&nbsp;Mathias Riesbeck ,&nbsp;Andreas Bechdolf ,&nbsp;Anke Brockhaus-Dumke ,&nbsp;René Hurlemann ,&nbsp;Ana Muthesius ,&nbsp;Stefan Klingberg ,&nbsp;Martin Hellmich ,&nbsp;Sabine Schmied ,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wölwer ,&nbsp;the ISST study group","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with schizophrenia often have cognitive impairments that contribute to diminished psychosocial functioning. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven efficacy and is recommended by evidence-based treatment guidelines. Important moderators of efficacy include integration of CRT into a psychiatric rehabilitation concept and patient attendance at a sufficient number of therapy sessions. These conditions can probably best be met in an outpatient setting; however, outpatient treatment is prone to higher rates of treatment discontinuation and outpatient settings are not as well protected as inpatient ones and less closely supervised.</p><p>The present study investigated the feasibility of outpatient CRT in schizophrenia over a six-month period. Adherence to scheduled sessions and safety parameters were assessed in 177 patients with schizophrenia randomly assigned to one of two matched CRT programs.</p><p>Results showed that 58.8 % of participants completed the CRT (&gt;80 % of scheduled sessions) and 72.9 % completed at least half the sessions. Predictor analysis revealed a high verbal intelligence quotient as favorable for good adherence, but this factor had only low general predictive power. During the six-month treatment phase, serious adverse events occurred in 15.8 % (28/177) of the patients, which is a comparable rate to that reported in the literature.</p><p>Our findings support the feasibility of six-month outpatient CRT in schizophrenia in terms of adherence to scheduled sessions and safety.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p><span>NCT02678858</span><svg><path></path></svg>, DRKS00010033.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/5c/main.PMC10163670.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive function and mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","authors":"Christine Mohn ,&nbsp;Anna-Karin Olsson ,&nbsp;Iris van Dijk Härd ,&nbsp;Lars Helldin","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have significantly lower life-expectancy than healthy people. Previously, we have identified baseline neurocognitive function in general and verbal memory and executive function in particular as related to mortality nearly two decades later. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings with a larger and age-matched sample. The patient group consisted of 252 individuals, 44 of whom were deceased and 206 alive. Neurocognition was assessed with a comprehensive battery. Results showed that the deceased group, compared to the living group, had significantly more severe neurocognitive deficits across nearly all domains. There were no differences in sex, remission status, psychosis symptoms, or function level between the groups. Immediate verbal memory and executive function were the strongest predictors of survival status. These results were nearly identical to our previous studies, and we conclude that baseline neurocognitive function is an important predictor for mortality in SSD. Clinicians should be mindful of this relationship in patients with significant cognitive deficits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106500/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movements and the perceptual span in disordered reading: A comparison of schizophrenia and dyslexia","authors":"Veronica Whitford ,&nbsp;Narissa Byers ,&nbsp;Gillian A. O'Driscoll ,&nbsp;Debra Titone","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing evidence of a common neurodevelopmental etiology between schizophrenia and developmental dyslexia suggests that neurocognitive functions, such as reading, may be similarly disrupted. However, direct comparisons of reading performance in these disorders have yet to be conducted. To address this gap in the literature, we employed a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to examine sentence-level reading fluency and perceptual span (breadth of parafoveal processing) in adults with schizophrenia (dataset from Whitford et al., 2013) and psychiatrically healthy adults with dyslexia (newly collected dataset). We found that the schizophrenia and dyslexia groups exhibited similar reductions in sentence-level reading fluency (e.g., slower reading rates, more regressions) compared to matched controls. Similar reductions were also found for standardized language/reading and executive functioning measures. However, despite these reductions, the dyslexia group exhibited a larger perceptual span (greater parafoveal processing) than the schizophrenia group, potentially reflecting a disruption in normal foveal-parafoveal processing dynamics. Taken together, our findings suggest that reading and reading-related functions are largely similarly disrupted in schizophrenia and dyslexia, providing additional support for a common neurodevelopmental etiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/45/main.PMC10331593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to themed collection: Cognition in China from 2020 to 2022","authors":"Philip D. Harveyc","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/5d/main.PMC10039293.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9547116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating construct and criterion validity of NeuroScreen in assessing neurocognition among hospitalized Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients","authors":"Nana Asiedu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga ,&nbsp;Dickens Akena ,&nbsp;Corey Morrison ,&nbsp;Joy Louise Gumikiriza-Onoria ,&nbsp;Angel Nanteza ,&nbsp;Juliet Nakku ,&nbsp;Nastassja Koen ,&nbsp;Noeline Nakasujja ,&nbsp;Wilber Ssembajjwe ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Ferraris ,&nbsp;Anthony F. Santoro ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein ,&nbsp;Reuben N. Robbins","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is commonly exhibited among patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis. However, there are few resources in many low-income countries, such as Uganda, that allow for the administration of extensive neurocognitive test batteries for the detection of NCI. <em>NeuroScreen</em> is a brief tablet-based neurocognitive assessment battery that can be administered by all levels of healthcare staff. We examined the validity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in Uganda.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 112 participants FEP patients and matched controls at Butabika Mental Referral Hospital. Each participant completed <em>NeuroScreen</em> and a traditionally administered neurocognitive battery: the MATRIC Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). We examined correlations between participant performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB. A ROC curve determined sensitivity and specificity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to detect NCI as determined by MCCB criterion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a large, statistically significant correlation between overall performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB [<em>r</em>(112) = 0.64, <em>p</em> &lt; .001]. Small to large correlations were found between tests in the MCCB and <em>NeuroScreen</em> batteries. The ROC curve of <em>NeuroScreen</em> performance to detect MCCB-defined NCI had an area under curve of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity and specificity of 83 % and 60 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There was a moderate positive correlation between overall performance on both batteries. <em>NeuroScreen</em> shows promise as a valid assessment battery to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in FEP patients in Uganda. Further studies of <em>NeuroScreen</em> in healthy individuals and in a range of mental disorders are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/10/main.PMC9803945.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10533160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}