Schizophrenia Research-Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive functioning and functional ability in women with schizophrenia and homelessness","authors":"Jayakumar Menon ,&nbsp;Suvarna Jyothi Kantipudi ,&nbsp;Aruna Mani ,&nbsp;Rajiv Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies of schizophrenia and homelessness are minimal from the Indian subcontinent. Women with schizophrenia and homelessness in India remain a highly vulnerable group and there is no data to date regarding their clinical characteristics. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia remains a major factor determining outcomes in schizophrenia. We examined the cognitive functioning of women with schizophrenia and homelessness (WSH) and compared it to an age-matched group of women with schizophrenia living with their family (WSF).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>36 women with schizophrenia and homelessness, and 32 women with schizophrenia who were living with family were evaluated for psychopathology using Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)/ Scale for assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) scales. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)/Rowland Universal Dementia Scale (RUDAS), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), disability using World Health Organization - Disability assessment Scale (WHO-DAS) and psychosocial factors using a semi-structured proforma. The groups were compared using <em>t</em>-tests and chi-square for continuous and categorical variables respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women with schizophrenia and homelessness were found to have significantly lower cognitive functioning, and much higher disability. Cognition and disability for women with schizophrenia and homelessness differed by 2–3 standard deviations with the mean for women living with family (i.e. z scores). Women with schizophrenia experiencing homelessness (WSH group) exhibited higher literacy levels and previous work experience compared to their counterparts. Those with family support are likely to face reduced pressures to work or earn, which further suggests that premorbid levels of functioning may not be the primary factors influencing the differences observed in cognitive assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study demonstrates significantly higher cognitive dysfunction in women with homelessness and schizophrenia, raising the possibility of much higher cognitive dysfunction being a predictor for homelessness in Indian women with schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humor processing and its relationship with clinical features in patients with first-episode schizophrenia","authors":"Yunfei Ji ,&nbsp;Bingjie Huang ,&nbsp;Jia Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Guo ,&nbsp;Tianqi Gao ,&nbsp;Yue Zheng ,&nbsp;Wanheng Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Yin ,&nbsp;Xianghe Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humor, a higher-order social cognitive process unique to humans, is commonly impaired in patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, humor processing and its association with the clinical characteristics in the early stage of the illness remain unknown. In this study, we investigated humor processing and its relationship with clinical features in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We recruited 45 patients with FES and 44 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level. The participants completed the Picture Humor Processing Task (HPT-p) and Video Humor Processing Task (HPT-v), which evaluated humor comprehension and appreciation, and a questionnaire assessing their humor styles. Clinical participants also completed clinical and social functioning measurements. Signal detection theory analysis was used to calculate the d' and β values, which represent the detection of humor signals in the comprehension phase and inner criteria of the humor appreciation phase, respectively. In the HPT-p, patients with FES showed a higher false alarm rate (<em>p</em> = 0.048) than healthy controls, whereas the hitting rate, signal recognition ability (d' value), and intrinsic evaluation criterion (β value) were comparable between the two participants groups. In the HPT-v, patients with FES showed lower within-group coherence in the funniness rating (<em>p</em> = 0.023) than healthy controls. In addition, the false alarm rate in the HPT-p and negative symptoms effectively predicted social functioning in patients with FES (R² = 0.681, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that impairment of humor comprehension in patients with schizophrenia is generated in the first episode and contributes to social functioning deficits, which require early recognition and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the lens of schizophrenia: Recognizing negative facial expressions and family patterns","authors":"Leila Shateri ,&nbsp;Hamid Yari Renani ,&nbsp;Abbas Bakhshipour Rudsari ,&nbsp;Touraj Hashemi Nosratabad ,&nbsp;Zahra Saeidi","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and impaired social interactions, and deficits in facial emotion recognition are a key area of impairment. Studies indicate that recognizing facial emotions is essential for social interaction, and individuals with schizophrenia show significant difficulties, especially in recognizing negative emotions. Previous research has primarily focused on patients, with less attention on their first-degree relatives. This study investigates the ability to recognize negative facial expressions in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients, their siblings, and matched healthy controls. This cross-sectional study included 60 paranoid schizophrenia patients, 60 non-paranoid schizophrenia patients, 59 siblings of paranoid patients, 60 siblings of non-paranoid patients, and 30 healthy controls, recruited from outpatients at Razi Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The mean age was 35.7 years, and 54 % of participants were female. The Ekman 60 Faces Test assessed the recognition of basic facial emotions, focusing on negative emotions. The results revealed that paranoid schizophrenia patients showed significantly lower performance in recognizing negative facial emotions (mean score: 15.7) compared to non-paranoid patients (16.4) and siblings (28.1 for paranoid siblings, 27.4 for non-paranoid siblings). In contrast, healthy controls scored highest (29.0). This study highlights the deficits in emotion recognition in schizophrenia and their potential genetic underpinnings within family lines, contributing to understanding social cognition deficits related to the disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation and its effect on cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia: An updated review","authors":"Sadia Rehman Safwi ,&nbsp;Abid Rizvi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amir Usmani ,&nbsp;Karrar Husain ,&nbsp;Kanwarjeet Brar ,&nbsp;Deep Yadava","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia significantly affect functional outcomes and quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention for cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From May 20 to June 15, 2024, a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials was conducted. After applying eligibility criteria, 13 randomized sham-controlled trials were included, involving 261 participants in the tDCS group and 247 in the sham group. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was computed to measure the effect size of cognitive outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pooled analysis yielded an SMD of 0.09 (95 % CI: −0.17 to 0.35), indicating a non-significant difference between tDCS and sham on cognitive outcomes. Moderate heterogeneity (I² = 44 %) was observed, attributed to variations in tDCS protocols, participant demographics, and cognitive assessment tools. Although certain studies showed improvements in specific domains like working memory, the overall impact of tDCS on cognitive symptoms was not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis underscores the lack of significant evidence for tDCS in improving cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The findings highlight the urgent need for standardizing tDCS protocols and employing domain-specific cognitive assessments. This standardization, along with the collection of more domain-specific data, is crucial for future research and the improvement of current methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the ecological validity of research on social cognition in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Alvaro Cavieres,&nbsp;Vanessa Acuña,&nbsp;Marcelo Arancibia,&nbsp;Camila Escobar","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ecologically valid assessments need to require tasks representative of real, everyday interactions between people in a social environment (i.e., verisimilitude) and to predict aspects of real-life performance in those same interactions (i.e., veridicality). To determine how researchers interested in social cognition among people with schizophrenia currently understand and apply ecological validity in their work, we conducted a systematic review of studies that had the ecological validity of their results as an explicit objective.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed the described systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 18 studies reviewed, only two defined <em>ecological validity</em>, 15 incorporated modifications to improve their verisimilitude, eight proposed analyses to examine their veridicality, and seven aimed to achieve both objectives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our systematic review suggests that very few published studies on social cognition among people with schizophrenia have explicitly defined <em>ecological validity</em>, and most have focused only on the verisimilitude of the tasks required while neglecting the veridicality of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative auditory hallucinations are associated with increased activation of the defensive motivational system in schizophrenia","authors":"Anna R. Knippenberg,&nbsp;Sabrina Yavari,&nbsp;Gregory P. Strauss","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auditory hallucinations (AH) are the most common symptom of psychosis. The voices people hear make comments that are benign or even encouraging, but most often voices are threatening and derogatory. Negative AH are often highly distressing and contribute to suicide risk and violent behavior. Biological mechanisms underlying the valence of voices (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) are not well delineated. In the current study, we examined whether AH voice valence was associated with increased activation of the Defensive Motivational System, as indexed by central and autonomic system response to unpleasant stimuli. Data were evaluated from two studies that used a common symptom rating instrument, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSY-RATS), to measure AH valence. Participants included outpatients diagnosed with SZ. Tasks included: Study 1: Trier Social Stress Task while heart rate was recorded via electrocardiography (<em>N</em> = 27); Study 2: Passive Viewing Task while participants were exposed to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) library while eye movements, pupil dilation, and electroencephalography were recorded (<em>N</em> = 25). Results indicated that negative voice content was significantly associated with: 1) increased heart rate during an acute social stressor, 2) increased pupil dilation to unpleasant images, 3) higher neural reactivity to unpleasant images, and 4) a greater likelihood of having bottom-up attention drawn to unpleasant stimuli. Findings suggest that negative AH are associated with greater Defensive Motivational System activation in terms of central and autonomic nervous system response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIPD or psychotic disorder with stimulant use","authors":"Tania Lecomte ,&nbsp;Donna Lang ,&nbsp;Stéphane Potvin ,&nbsp;Félix Diotte ,&nbsp;Audrey Livet ,&nbsp;Melissa Cimaglia ,&nbsp;Amal Abdel-Baki ,&nbsp;Marie Villeneuve ,&nbsp;Didier Jutras-Aswad ,&nbsp;Alicia Spidel","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of digital functional capacity assessments from device resident to cloud-based delivery: Development and convergent validity","authors":"Philip D. Harvey ,&nbsp;Richard S.E. Keefe ,&nbsp;Peter Kallestrup ,&nbsp;Sara J. Czaja ,&nbsp;Hans Klein ,&nbsp;William Horan","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decentralized clinical trials are leading to rapid changes in assessment technology, including an expansion of interest in remote delivery. As technology changes, some of the updates include migration to fully cloud-based software and data management, with attendant differences in hardware, response modalities, and modifications in the level of tester engagement. It is rare to see systematic descriptions of the process of migration and upgrading of technology-related assessments. We present comparative data on successive generations of two widely used functional capacity measures, the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) and the Functional Capacity Assessment and Training System (FUNSAT). Four samples of healthy older individuals completed either the original device-resident, computer-administered versions, or cloud-based, tablet-delivered versions of these tasks. For the VRFCAT, performance and correlations with age were similar across versions, although performance was slightly (5 %) faster with iPad delivery. For the FUNSAT, performance and correlations with age and cognitive task scores were generally similar across versions for English Speakers, though there were some differences related to the testing language for the cloud-based version. These results support the feasibility of migrating digital assessments to cloud-based delivery and substantiate fundamental similarity across delivery strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001324000325/pdfft?md5=ca8c916199d8f0f564e82d512be874d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2215001324000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implementation and effectiveness of Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) in chronic middle-aged inpatients with schizophrenia","authors":"Aikaterini Poulou ,&nbsp;Fotios Anagnostopoulos ,&nbsp;Argiro Vatakis ,&nbsp;Robert C. Mellon ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cognitive rehabilitation is essential for schizophrenia treatment since it improves function. Moreover, the relationship between cognitive rehabilitation and functioning is significantly affected by negative symptoms and social cognition. Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) is a promising approach that integrates interventions in neurocognition, social cognition, and functional level. This study examines IPT's efficacy in chronic middle-aged inpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled study involved 44 individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty-one IPT participants received 50 biweekly sessions and medication, while twenty-three control participants received treatment as usual/supportive therapy and pharmacotherapy. Pre- and post-intervention and six- and twelve-month follow-ups were arranged to assess neurocognition, social perception, psychopathology, and functioning using the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery, Social Perception Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Speed of processing, attention/vigilance, overall composite, and neurocognitive composite scores improved significantly in the IPT group. Social Perception Scale performance improved in all areas after the intervention and persisted for 6 months. Positive, negative, and total psychopathology symptoms decreased significantly post-intervention and at the 12-month follow-up, whereas participants' functioning improved significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Middle-aged chronic inpatients with schizophrenia may benefit from IPT in neurocognition, social perception, psychopathology, and functioning. This field of study may provide insight into schizophrenia treatment, hence further research is encouraged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001324000313/pdfft?md5=573f6f718b25b0f5042295b79275e95f&pid=1-s2.0-S2215001324000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training individuals with schizophrenia to gain volitional control of the theory of mind network with real-time fMRI: A pilot study","authors":"Elizabeth A. Kruse ,&nbsp;Abhishek Saxena ,&nbsp;Bridget J. Shovestul ,&nbsp;Emily M. Dudek ,&nbsp;Stephanie Reda ,&nbsp;Jojo Dong ,&nbsp;Arun Venkataraman ,&nbsp;J. Steven Lamberti ,&nbsp;David Dodell-Feder","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) often demonstrate alterations in the Theory of Mind Network (ToM-N). Here, in this proof-of-concept, single-arm pilot study, we investigate whether participants with an SSD (<em>N</em> = 7) were able to learn to volitionally control regions of the ToM-N (dorso/middle/ventromedial prefrontal cortex [D/M/VMPFC], left temporoparietal junction [LTPJ], precuneus [PC], right superior temporal sulcus [RSTS], and right temporoparietal junction [RTPJ]) using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF). Region-of-interest analyses demonstrate that after neurofeedback training, participants were able to gain volitional control in the following ToM-N brain regions during the transfer task, where no active feedback was given: right temporoparietal junction, precuneus, and dorso/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (neurofeedback effect <em>Fs</em> &gt; 6.17, <em>ps</em> &lt; .05). These findings suggest that trained volitional control over the ToM-N is tentatively feasible with rtfMRI neurofeedback in SSD, although findings need to be replicated with more robust designs that include a control group and larger samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001324000301/pdfft?md5=b9df997a4f84a022a7a3050f119009b3&pid=1-s2.0-S2215001324000301-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}