Annales Aequatoria最新文献

{"title":"Un livre scolaire au Congo belge – 1932. Deuxième partie- Mambi ma botangi ndenge na ndenge Buku ya babale . Introduction, commentaire et traduction","authors":"H. Vinck","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5628","url":null,"abstract":"Le manuel scolaire congolais presente ici, appartient a une famille de textes inauguree en 1903 pour les ecoles de la Mission des Peres de Scheut etablie a Nouvel Anvers. Il est attribue a Mgr Egide De Boeck et fait partie de sa strategie pour propager par les ecoles et par l'Eglise le lingala 'rebantouise'. Comme livre de lecture, du type florilege, il a fonctionne pendant plusieurs dizaines d'annees, en tant que complement d'information (et d'exercices de lecture) de plusieurs branches du programme scolaire. Il a ete utilise en premier lieu dans les ecoles des Missionnaires scheutistes ou le lingala etait la langue vehiculaire de l'enseignement. (Il s'agit de trois Vicariats: Lisala, au nord; Inongo, au centre, et Leopoldville, au sud). The Congolese schoolbook published here belongs to a family of readers, the first one of which appeared in 1903, to be used in the schools of the Scheut Fathers in Nieuw Antwerpen/Nouvelle Anvers. Its author is believed to be Mgr Egide De Boeck and it has been part of his strategy to propagate 'rebantuised' Lingala by means of the school and the Church networks. During several decades, it was used as a reader in the schools of the Scheutist Fathers, whose mission stations were situated in the west of the colony, i.e. in the Lisala, Inongo, and Leopoldville regions. It was used as an informative complement to a number of branches of the school programme and as a reader as well Keywords : Congo, De Boeck Egide, colonial schools, lingala, congolese schoolbooks, Scheut Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 173-217","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expériences scolaires au Congo Belge. Etude exploratoire","authors":"H. Vinck, Jan Briffaerts, Frederik Herman, M. Depaepe","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5625","url":null,"abstract":"Resume\u0000Sur base de huit interviews d'anciens eleves de l'enseignement colonial au Congo belge, cette etude explore les effets que les processus pedagogiques coloniaux ont eu sur les eleves. \u0000Mots-cles: Congo belge; education coloniale; experiences scolaires; histoire. On the basis of eight interviews with Congolese citizens, each reflecting on their individual school careers, this study explores the effects of colonial educational processes in the former Belgian Congo. Keywords : Belgian Congo, colonial education, history, school experiences Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 5-101","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127810537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le lokonda des Bosanga du Lac Tumba","authors":"M. Mangulu","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5634","url":null,"abstract":"Il s'agit d'une etude qui presente de maniere a la fois succincte et rigoureuse les aspects phonologiques et morphologiques d'une des nombreuses langues de la region des lacs de l'Ouest du Congo, langues qui attendent encore d'etre decrites. \u0000De l'analyse phonologique, il se degage les phenomenes interessants ci-apres : traces d'harmonie vocalique Cross-Height , distinction de la more dans la structure syllabique, nasale epenthetique sporadique, quantite vocalique compensatoire, morpheme tonal, etc.\u0000La description morphologique permet, elle aussi, de se rendre compte de l'existence, dans ce parler, d'un certain nombre de faits non reconnus jusque la dans le domaine linguistique de la Cuvette centrale. Il s'agit particulierement, dans la conjugaison, de l'expression d'aspects par le recours aussi bien aux auxiliaires qu'aux particules postposees a la forme verbale simple. Le tout tend donc a confirmer les hypotheses avancees recemment par la recherche historique : les Ekonda seraient parvenus dans la region des Lacs, il y a seulement quelques siecles et les populations auxquelles ils seraient genetiquement apparentes doivent etre recherchees plus au Nord, en l'occurrence dans les bassins de l'Aruwimi et de la haute Mongala (Sulzmann 1985: 1-2). L'index Ekonda-proto bantou annexe a la description parait bien confirmer a son tour ces hypotheses par la presence d'une foule de racines a l'etat presque proto bantou. La langue des Ekonda pourrait bien, en effet, etre consideree comme l'une des scissions importantes de la branche primaire lebonya (Vansina 1995: 185).\u0000 This essay presents the phonological and morphological aspects of one of the numerous languages spoken in the region of the western lakes of the Congo. \u0000The phonological analysis reveals certain interesting phenomena: traces of cross-height vocalic harmony, distinction of the mora in syllabic structures, sporadic epenthetic nasal, compensatory vocalic quantity, tonal morpheme, etc.\u0000The morphological description also reveals certain facts hitherto unknown in the languages of the central Congo basin, in particular the expression of aspect by auxiliaries and pospositioned particles. \u0000Certain historical hypotheses are confirmed: the Ekonda arrived in the Lake region only a few centuries ago and the populations with whom they are to be associated genetically have to found more to the north, more in particular in the basins of the Aruwimi and the upper Mongala (Sulzmann 1958:1-2). A Ekonda - Proto Bantu index confirms these hypotheses as it shows how close numerous roots are to Proto Bantu. The Ekonda language appears to have been one of the important splits in the primary lebonya branch (Vansina 1995: 185). Keywords : Central Bantou, Ekonda, Lac Tumba, Mongo dialectology, South-Mongo. Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 381-465","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126549523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les tons du langage tambouriné et les tons du langage parlé. Texte inédit du Père Placide Tempels, ofm. Introduction et traduction par A.J. Smet cp","authors":"P. Tempels, A. Smet","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5635","url":null,"abstract":"A.J. Smet presente, en traduction francaise, un texte inedit de Placide Tempels concernant la relation entre les tons du langage tambourine et ceux du langage parle. Ce texte est a l'origine de la correspondance entre Tempels et Hulstaert. Cette correspondance a eu une influence certaine sur la redaction de la \"Philosophie bantoue\" de Tempels. Quant aux tons, Tempels pose qu'en tshiluba, les deux systemes different notablement ; ce qui est combattu par Hulstaert pour les langues lomongo et apparentees. Il en deduit qu'il existe une distinction entre les Bantu du Sud d'une part et les Bantu du Nord et les Soudanais de l'autre. Dans un post-scriptum, A.J. Smet publie quelques extraits d'etudes linguistiques qui appuient la these de Tempels. A.J. Smet presents a French translation of an unpublished Dutch text by Placied Tempels concerning the relation between the tones of the drumbeat and the spoken language. This text inaugurated the correspondence between Tempels and Hulstaert. This correspondence had a certain influence on the writing of the \"Bantu Philosophy\" by Tempels. As for the tones, the position of Tempels who states that, in Tshiluba, the two systems differ considerably, is contested by Hulstaert for Lomongo and related languages. He deducts that a distinction exists between the Bantu of the South on the one hand and the Bantu of the North and the Sudanese on the other. In a postscriptum, Smet publishes some excerpts from linguistic studies which confirm Tempels's thesis. Keywords : Drum language, Hulstaert, lomongo, Possoz, Tempels, tonologie, tshiluba Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 467-476","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132283349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prosopopée de Bamanya. Hommage à Nkas'e'Embambo","authors":"B. Etaka","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5630","url":null,"abstract":"Ce poeme est redige a l'occasion d'une levee de deuil, mettant ainsi fin a toute litterature funeraire relative au deces du Pere Gustaaf Hulstaert, qui a consacre sa vie au Lomongo et aux Mongo. Ce texte a ete compose en 1995 a la mode ancestrale (voir Annales Aequatoria 17 (1996) p. 452. Bamanya se felicite d'avoir vecu avec un missionnaire qui l'a rendu celebre a jamais. The present poem was made on the occasion of a mourning ceremony meant to putt an end to all funeral literature relative to the death of Father Gustaaf Hulstaert, who dedicated his entire life to the study of the Mongo and their language. The text has been composed in 1995, in ancestral style (see Annales Aequatoria 17 (1996) p. 452.) Bamanya is pleased to have lived with a missionary who made its name forever famous. Keywords : Bamanya, Hulstaert, Mongo, mourning Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 365-373","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121167182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les Lole. Une tribu At#949t#949la (R.D. Congo)","authors":"C. Derolaz","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5629","url":null,"abstract":"Comme, dans les annees 1950, une reforme du regime foncier congolais s'imposait, un groupe de travail fut constitue pour une etude multidisciplinaire impliquant des ethnologues, des administrateurs et des geographes. L'auteur fut charge d'une enquete socio-fonciere dans un groupe du secteur Mondja-Ngandu en territoire de Lubefu. Les notices ci-apres sont basees en majeure partie sur les donnees recueillies lors d'une pareille enquete dans la tribu Lole pendant les mois d'avril et de mai 1960. Suite aux evenements politiques, cette etude n'a pas ete achevee. Comme la litterature ethnographique se rapportant aux Tetela est assez pauvre, la publication des donnees recueillies n'est pas inopportune. Un premier rapport plus complet concernant l'enquete chez les Lole a ete redige dans les annees 1960 – 1962 et depose aux archives du Musee royal d'Afrique centrale a Tervurenbr When in the 1950s a reform of the tenure regime was prepared in the Congo, a task force was put in place for an interdisciplinary survey, involving ethnologists, administrators and geographers. The author was put in charge of an ethno-sociological investigation in the Mondja-Ngandu sector in the territory of Lubefu. The notes below are based on data collected at the time of a similar investigation among the Lole tribe during the months of April and May 1960. Following the political events in the Congo, this survey was never finished. As the ethnographic literature relating to the Ttla people is very limited, the publication of these data is now opportune. A first more complete report concerning this investigation has been written in the years 1960-1962 and was deposited in the archives of the Royal Museum for Central Africa at Tervuren. Keywords : Atεtεla, Lole, land tenure, Belgian Congo, Mondja-Ngandu, Lubefu Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 219-364","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121145930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les abus de l'exploitation du caoutcouc. Le cas des chefs Bonkosi et Boyenge de la chefferie de Lingoy au Congo belge","authors":"S. L. Lewono","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V27I1.5626","url":null,"abstract":"Le caoutchouc sylvestre fut une des premieres ressources de l'Etat Independant du Congo. Les victimes ont eu recours a des revoltes sanglantes, rarement a des solutions moderees, comme le firent les Lingoy vers 1908. Les Lingoy envoyerent des emissaires aupres des autorites de l'Etat a Coquilhatville. L'auteur de l'initiative et le chef de la delegation, Bonkosi Itsindela, fut recompense au terme de la mission en heritant de facon non orthodoxe des renes de la chefferie. A sa mort en 1914, son fils Gustave Boyenge lui succeda a la faveur de la popularite de son pere. Il resta en place jusqu'a 1952, lorsqu'il fut contraint d'abandonner definitivement le pouvoir au president du tribunal de Balondo. Woodland rubber was one of the first financial resources of the Congo Independent State. The victims resorted to bloody revolts, seldom to moderated solutions, as did the Lingoy in 1908. They sent an emissary to the authorities of the State in Coquilhatville. The author of the initiative and leader of the delegation, Bonkosi Itsindela, was rewarded at the end of the mission, taking power over the chiefdom in a non-orthodox way. Because of his popularity, his son Gustave Boyenge succeeded him in 1914, and reigned up to 1952. Afterwards, he was constrained to give up his function to the president of the court of Balondo. Keywords : Rubber; Lingoy; revolts; Bonkosi Itsindela; Gustave Boyenge; Balondo; Mongo Annal Aequatoria Vol. 27 2006: pp. 103-126","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123749841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L'Armée du Salut et la naissance de la 'Mission des Noirs' au Congo Belge, 1934 – 1940","authors":"M. Z. Etambala","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5617","url":null,"abstract":"On the eve of the Second World War, a new kimbanguist spirit pervaded Leopoldville and the Lower Congo. The arrival of the first Salvation Army missionaries in 1934 was not strange to this awakening. The natives were impressed by the uniforms and the insignia but also by the militancy of this association in its struggle against evil and the sins. The Salvation Army was considered to be the work of the Kongo prophet Simon Kimbangu and the head of this association passed for the reincarnation of Kimbangu. At the time, the Congolese considered the action of the Salvation Army as a struggle against witchcraft. And it is in the bosom of this association that around July 1939 the \"Black Mission” was born. Simon Mpadi, the founder of this African Church, was a former fellow-worker of the American Baptist Missionary Society and a former sergeant of the Salvation Army. In September 1939, about 150 villages in the Territories of Madimba and Kibambi sent a letter to governor-general Pierre Ryckmans to ask him for an official permission to found a separate African Church. They did not obtain the permission. On the contrary, the “Black Mission” was dissolved and Mpadi arrested and sent first to Befale in the Equator Province and then to Elisabethville in the Katanga Province. In the present study, which is based on a great number of unpublished documents, we analyse the attitudes which the colonial government and the European missions adopted vis-a-vis this new Kongo prophetic awakening from 1934 to 1940. Keywords : Salvation Army, Mission of the Blacks, Khaki Church, Simon Mpadi & Mpadism, Kimbanguism, Leopoldville & Lower Congo Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 67-164","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128732262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les faces multiples de l'altérité. En Congolie de Edmond Picard","authors":"Alex Demeulenaere","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5624","url":null,"abstract":"En Congolie , travel narrative by the Belgian author Edmond Picard, is an interesting example of the colonial travel narrative. The message is not new, but the interaction of the representation strategies is. The goal of this article is to analyze the way in which the representation mechanisms (politics-esthetics-science) contradict or confirm each other. Resume En Congolie , recit de voyage de l'auteur belge Edmond Picard, constitue un document interessant dans l'optique du recit de voyage colonial. Le message n'est pas nouveau, mais l'interaction des strategies de representation l'est. Le present article a pour but d'analyser la facon dont les mecanismes de representation (politique – esthetique – scientifique) se renforcent ou se contredisent. Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 467-483","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133865856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Völkerkunde de Van Bulck. L'anthropologie coloniale en Belgique","authors":"R. V. Hoof","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5620","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the colonial anthropology in Belgium. This is done by a case study of only one anthropologist, father Van Bulck s.j. After a biography of this scientist, it will be indicated that father Van Bulck followed the lines of the anthropological school of the Central European diffusionism. By following this variant, he was an exception in Belgian anthropology. Secondly, this article searches for the perception Van Bulck had of his study objects, the black people of Central Africa. Here, it is remarkable that he followed an ‘africanisme evolue'(evolved africanism). Also by showing this behaviour, he seems to have been an exception in comparison to his contemporaries. Keywords : colonial anthropology, Central Africa, Van Bulck, diffusionism, africanism Resume Cet article s'interesse a l'anthropologie coloniale en Belgique a travers l'etude d'un seul anthropologue, le pere Van Bulck s.j. Apres une biographie de ce chercheur, je m'attarderai sur l'importance qu'accordait le pere Van Bulck au diffusionnisme viennois ou a l'ecole historico-culturelle. En ce sens, il etait une exception dans l'anthropologie belge. Ensuite, on examine la perception de Van Bulck vis-a-vis de son objet d'etude, les Noirs de l'Afrique Centrale. A cet egard, il est remarquable que Van Bulck poursuive un africanisme evolue. Finalement, la aussi, Van Bulck represente une exception par comparaison a ses contemporains. Mots cles : anthropologie coloniale, Afrique Centrale, Van Bulck, diffusionnisme, africanisme Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 227-241","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}