Annales Aequatoria最新文献

{"title":"'Booto' Régulateur de la vie des Milenge (Boende, RDC)","authors":"Oscar Lowenga la Wemboloke","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5619","url":null,"abstract":"The Milenge live in the district of the Tshuapa, territory of Boende, Wini sector. \"Booto\" can be defined as \"kinship, harmony, peace, affability\". But it is also an invisible ghost, capable of solving the problems of life. It is represented by a living and animal-like bullet, which is able to move. Wrapped in dried banana leaves it is especially identified with a dwarf. The Nkanga (officiant) \"Booto\" is always the eldest of the heir family. He can be male or female. The presence of a \"Booto\" in a clan has some advantages not only for the owner but also for friends and the whole Milenge people. Synonyms: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea or Bomp'Atome. Keywords : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Resume Les \"Milenge\" habitent le district de la Tshuapa, territoire de Boende, secteur de Wini. \" Booto \" peut etre defini comme etant \" la consanguinite, l'entente, la paix, l'affabilite\". Mais c'est aussi un esprit invisible capable de resoudre les problemes de la vie. Il est represente par une balle vivante et animale, capable de se deplacer. Emballe en feuilles sechees du bananier, il est identifie surtout a un nain. Le Nkanga (officiant) \"Booto\" est toujours l'aine de la famille heritiere. Il peut etre femme ou homme. La presence de \"Booto\" dans un clan comporte quelques avantages dont jouit non seulement le proprietaire, amis aussi tout le peuple Milenge. Synonymes: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea ou Bomp'Atome. Mots cles : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 219-226","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125050122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les Kwilois parlent de l'époque coloniale","authors":"R. Smith","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5618","url":null,"abstract":"Much of what is known of the colonial period of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is based upon sources written by members the colonial regime. This article emphasizes the voice of the Congolese who lived through that period, as shared in interviews carried out by the author in the villages of Due and Kwilu Sectors of Bulungu Territory, and Bindungi Sector of Masi-Manimba Territory, all in the Kwilu District of Bandundu Province. Relevant materials from unpublished archives in Congo complement those voices. The topics covered are the structure of the colonial administration, the activities of that administration in the villages, the reactions and resistance of the people to those activities, and the repression by the government of that resistance. Among the impositions of the government were tax payment, agricultural production, porterage, road and railroad construction, the relocation of villages, the control of cultural activities, sexual exploitation, medical programs, and military duty. The emphasis throughout is on the realities of living under a colonial regime from the perspective of those undergoing the colonial experience. Keywords : colonial rule, Belgian Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, oral sources, colonial archives; Congolese Kwilu District Resume Nos connaissances sur la periode coloniale en Republique Democratique du Congo, sont, pour une bonne part, basees sur des sources ecrites par les representants du regime colonial. Cette etude, par contre, donne la parole aux Congolais contemporains du regime colonial, par le biais d'interviews effectuees dans les villages des secteurs de Due et de Kwilu dans le Territoire de Bulungu, et les secteurs Bindungi du Territoire Masi-Manimba, dans le District Kwilu de la Province du Bandundu. Des documents d'archives inedits completent ces temoignages. Les sujets abordes sont: la structure de l'administration coloniale, les activites de cette administration dans les villages, les reactions et la resistance des gens a ces activites et sa repression par le gouvernement. Parmi les impositions du gouvernement, nous citons : le paiement de l'impot, les cultures agricoles obligatoires, le portage, l'entretien des routes, les constructions ferroviaires, les deplacements de villages, le controle des activites culturelles, l'exploitation sexuelle, les programmes medicaux et le service militaire. L'approche de ces realites sera toujours la perception de ceux qui ont subi le regime colonial. Mots cles : Regime colonial, Congo belge, Republique Democratique du Congo, sources orales, archives coloniales, Kwilu Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 165-217","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121641749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lonkucu: texte et lexique (Iwaji, Kole, Kasai Oriental) R.D. du Congo","authors":"J. Jacobs, B. Omeonga","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5606","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Les Bankucu (Ankfucu) habitent la partie orientale du territoire de Kole. Ce territoire est situe dans la Province du Kasai Oriental. Nos recherches sur la langue nkucu ont ete effectuees a Iwaji, un village appartenant au groupe Luculu. Les villages de ce groupe sont situee pres de la route de Bena Dibele a Kole. La presente etude contient un texte et un lexique. Le texte est la transcription d'un enregistrement sonore. Le lexique contient une serie de substantifs et de verbes. L'idiome lonkucu appartient a la zone C selon la Classification of the Bantu Languages de M. Guthrie. Cette zone contient 8 groupes d'idiomes. Les idiomes tetela, kusu et nkucu appartiennent a un meme groupe de cette zone. Mots-clefs: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, lexique, classes nominales, radicaux verbaux. Abstract \u0000The Bankucu (Ankfucu) live in the eastern part of the Territoire de Kole which is situated in the Kasai Oriental Province. Our investigations on the Lonkucu language took place at Iwaji, a village of the Luculu group. The villages of this group are situated near the road between Bena Dibele and Kole. The present study contains a text end a word list. The text is the transcription of a tape recording. The word list is composed of substantives end verbs. The Lonkucu idiom belongs to the zone C according to the Classification of the Bantu Languages by M. Guthrie. This zone is subdivided into 8 groups of idioms. Tetela, Kusu and Nkucu have been classified together in one of these groups. Key words: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, word list, nominal classes, verbal radicals. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) :303-316","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130488853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les noms propres en Ngam. Parler sara du Tchad-République Centrafricaine","authors":"Madeleine Somte","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5610","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Le choix des noms chez les Ngam est generalement lie au contexte de la naissance d'un individu. Il peut rappeler les conditions de la naissance, un evenement particulier lie a celle-ci. Il peut aussi faire reference a la situation materielle de la famille, a ses rapports internes avec ses voisins. Parfois, il evoque un evenement plus ancien, toujours dans le cadre familial. \u0000Dans d'autres cas, le nom peut avoir une fonction apotropaique, en particulier si l'enfant meurt apres une serie de malheurs. Enfin, il peut etre lie a la condition attachee au sexe ou au statut de l'enfant (jumeaux, rejet d'une fille…). Les Ngam ont parfois recours a d'autres langues pour nommer leurs enfants. Les toponymes sont eux aussi crees en fonction de certains evenements lies a l'histoire du lieu. Mots-cles : Ngam, Chad, Republique Centrafricaine, onomastique. Abstract \u0000This article discusses proper names in Ngam, a language spoken in the southeast of Chad and in the northwest of the Central African Republic. Personal names are often chosen in connection with the context of the person's birth, invoking conditions or important events that occurred at the time of the birth. They sometimes also refer to the material situation of the family or to relationships within or outside the family. In other cases, the names invoke older events, also linked to the family. Some names have an apotropaic function, particularly if the child dies after a series of hardships. In other names, the sex or the status (twins, rejection of a girl, etc.) is involved in the name-giving. Also, the Ngam at times draw inspiration from other languages for personal names. This paper finally also discusses toponyms, which are also often connected to major events that occurred at the location. Keywords: Ngam, Chad, Central African Republic, onomastics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 433-450","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125898222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joseph Tanghe et le lingala","authors":"M. Meeuwis","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5609","url":null,"abstract":"Resume: \u0000Cette contribution presente une edition du manuscrit original de l'article de Joseph Tanghe de 1930, 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. L'edition de ce manuscrit est precedee d'une biographie comprehensive de Joseph Tanghe, africaniste de l'epoque coloniale autrement mal connu; sa bibliographie complete suit in fine. Le role qu'a joue le Ministre des Colonies Louis Franck dans la carriere et les ecrits de Tanghe est expose, ainsi que l'ingerence du ministre dans les matieres linguistiques au Congo Belge. Egalement abordes sont les debats sur 'la question linguistique', que Tanghe 'ressuscita' en 1944. Mots-cles: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, lingala, mabale, SOAS, Commission de Linguistique Africaine. Abstract: \u0000In this contribution, I present a full-text edition of the original manuscript of Joseph Tanghe's 1930 article 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. An exhaustive bibliography of Tanghe's oeuvre is offered, as well as a comprehensive biography of this otherwise ill-known Belgian africanist of the colonial era. In this context, the influence the Minister of Colonies Louis Franck exerted on Tanghe's career and publications is discussed, as well as this minister's involvement in language matters in the Belgian Congo. Attention is also drawn to the debates around 'the linguistic question' in the Belgian Congo. In 1944, Tanghe provided these debates with a new impetus. Keywords: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, Lingala, Mabale, SOAS, Commission of African Linguistics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 399-431","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127288408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les autorités municipales de Mbandaka (R.D. C) 1958-2004","authors":"Michel Mokala Lembi","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5613","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Sur la base de depouillement des archives de la Ville de Mbandaka en RDC, complete par des interviews des acteurs historiques, l'auteur fait un recensement precis et date, des differents responsables politiques de la ville (maires et commissaires urbains), et leurs adjoints depuis la periode coloniale jusqu'a nos jours. De 1958 a 2004, il a denombre 67 autorites municipales, dont 24 Titulaires et 43 Assistants (dont deux femmes). Mots-cles : Mbandaka. Abstract On the basis of the exploration of the archives of the City of Mbandaka in DRC, as well as interviews with the historical key figures, the author provides a precise chronological overview of the responsible politicians and their deputies leading the city between 1958 and 2004. In that period, he counted 67 municipal authorities, of which 24 Incumbent and 43 Assistants (among who two women). Keyword: Mbandaka. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 505-509","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115317012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"J.-R. Bofuky et Jules Minne. Lettres inédites","authors":"H. Vinck","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5612","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Dans une note sur l'œuvre poetique de Jean-Robert Bofuky, j'avais signale sa dependance directe du poete belge Jules Minne. Recemment, quatre lettres de Bofuky datees entre 1959 et 1963, adressees a M. Andre Louwagie, Commissaire principal de la Surete a Bukavu, ont ete ajoutees au dossier. Nous trouvons dans ces textes la confirmation de l'hypothese d'une dependance litteraire de Bofuky vis-a-vis Jules Minne, qu'il doit avoir connu pendant son sejour au Kivu. Ces memes lettres peuvent nous eclairer sur son role dans la fondation du Parti Traditionaliste en 1959 et sur la campagne anticommuniste, en relation avec d'anciens responsables de la Surete coloniale, pendant les annees suivant l'Independance. Mots-cles : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Parti Traditionaliste, communisme, Congo, Surete coloniale. Abstract \u0000In a note on the Congolese poete Jean-Robert Bofuky, I signalled his direct dependence on the Belgian poet Jules Minne. Recently, four Bofuky letters, written between 1959 and 1963, addressed to M. Andre Louwagie, main Commissioner of the Colonial Secret Service in Bukavu, have been added to the dossier. These texts provide confirmation of the hypothesis of Bofuky's dependence vis-a-vis Jules Minne, whom he must have met during his stay in Kivu. These same letters can also explain his role in the foundation of the Traditionalist Party in 1959 as well as his role in forms of anticommunist propaganda which he carried out in the years following the independence in close collaboration with people who had previously worked for the Colonial Intelligence. Keywords : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Traditionalist Party, Congo, communism, colonial Intelligence. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 493-504","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121395417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L'État colonial et les missions catholiques face au mouvement kimbanguiste à la veille de l'indépendance du Congo belge. 1944-1960","authors":"M. Z. Etambala","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5579","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000En 1944, l'administration coloniale sollicite l'aide des missionnaires catholiques pour assurer l'enseignement aux enfants des kimbanguistes relegues dans la region d'Oshwe. Elles accedent a cette demande et tentent a son tour, de convaincre les autorites coloniales de la responsabilite des mouvements politico–religieux, manipules selon elles par les missions protestantes, dans les emeutes qui se sont produites a Matadi en novembre 1945. Jusqu'alors, l'etat colonial et les missions catholiques portent presque le meme regard sur ces sectes. Mais au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, le gouvernement colonial va organiser ses propres enquetes sur les sectes religieuses et developpera une politique moins influencee par l'Eglise catholique. A partir de 1953-1954, les enfants de Simon Kimbangu, entoure d'un groupe de jeunes gens instruits et dynamiques, vont reformer, reorganiser et ainsi moderniser le mouvement. Ils parviennent a gagner partiellement la confiance des autorites coloniales qui finalement vont reconnaitre le kimbanguisme en 1959 malgre les contacts entre ce mouvement religieux Kongo et le mouvement nationaliste ABAKO. Mots-cles: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Missions catholiques Abstract \u0000In 1944, the colonial administration approached the Scheutist Fathers with a request to organise the teaching of the children of Kimbanguists banished to the region of Oshwe. These Catholic missionaries reacted favourably to this request. In November and December 1945, the Redemptorists tried to convince the colonial authorities that the “Ngunzist” and “Kimbanguist” movements were involved in the strikes and workers' revolt that had taken place in Matadi. They added that these movements were manipulated by the Protestant missions. Until then, the colonial state and the Catholic missions had shared the same perception of all these religious movements. But after World War II, the colonial government began to organize its own lines of research into these sects and it consequently developed a policy towards them which was less influenced by the Catholic Church than before. From the years 1953-1954, the sons of Simon Kimbangu, together with a group of young, dynamic, well-educated and ambitious men, went to great pains to modernize the Kimbanguist movement. For a certain period, the colonial authorities feared that the religious Kimbanguist movement and the political ABAKO movement would join forces and, as such, provide Kongo nationalism with a major impetus. Eventually, in December 1959 to be precise, the Kimbanguist Church was officially recognized. Keywords: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Catholic Missions \u0000Annales AEquatoria 25(2004)95-149","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131944423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes grammaticales et textes Poto sur la base de Stapleton (1903)","authors":"M. Mangulu","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5592","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000L'etude se propose, en attendant une nouvelle descente sur le terrain, de fournir une synthese grammaticale sur la langue des Bapoto, classee C.36a par Guthrie (1970), en se fondant presque exclusivement sur deux textes contenus dans l'ouvrage pratique et comparatif de Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages. Le but est de pourvoir un cadre qui puisse servir a une exploitation rationnelle des relations linguistiques qui existeraient entre divers parlers poto geographiquement eloignes les uns des autres d'une part et les langues de la region de Mankanza (Nouvel Anvers) auxquelles linguistes et historiens les ont rattaches jusqu'ici d'autre part. Mots cles : Bantou, Riverains, Bangala, Poto, Lusengo/ losengo Abstract \u0000Pending further fieldwork, this study aims at offering a grammatical overview of the language spoken by the Bapoto. Drawing almost exclusively on two texts offered by Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages, Guthrie (1970) classified this Bantu language as C.36a. The objective is to arrive at a framework allowing to grasp the linguistic affiliation between on the one hand different, geographically dispersed variants of Poto and, on the other, the languages of the Mankanza (Nouvelle Anvers) area, to which linguists and historians have attached those Poto, variants until now. Keywords: Bantu, Riverine languages, Poto, Bangala, losengo Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 203-271","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125569577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronique 2003-2005","authors":"Guillaume Essalo","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115307432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}