Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa district, eastern-Central Tanzania","authors":"Justine Daudi Maganira ,&nbsp;Noel Mark Makwinya ,&nbsp;Beda John Mwang'onde","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of <em>Taenia</em> species, poses significant health and economic challenges in low and lower-middle-income regions. This study assessed the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the transmission of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa District, eastern-central Tanzania, using a commercial antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ag- ELISA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gulwe, Ving'hawe, and Igovu villages during the dry season in June 2024. Blood samples were collected from 159 household pigs, and structured questionnaires were administered to heads or representatives of 51 pig-keeping households to identify potential risk factors. Serum samples from 29 pigs tested positive for porcine cysticercosis in the Ag-ELISA assay with an apparent prevalence of 18.24 % (95 % CI: 12.57 %–25.13 %), and estimated true prevalence of 17.91 % (95 % CI: 12.66 %–24.67 %). The apparent prevalence of porcine cysticercosis varied across the villages with Gulwe showing the highest prevalence (22.58 %; 95 % CI: 12.93 %–34.79 %), followed by Ving'hawe (21.21 % 95 % CI: 8.98 %–38.91 %), and Igovu (12.50 %; 95 % CI: 5.55 %–23.15 %). Female pigs exhibited a relatively higher seropositivity rate (13.84 %; 95 % CI: 8.88 %–20.20 %) compared to male pigs (4.40 %; 95 % CI: 1.79 %–8.86 %) although this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.629, <em>p</em>-value = 0.428). DNA extracted from cysticerci isolated from infected pigs slaughter in the study villages was confirmed via gel electrophoresis to belong to <em>Taenia solium</em>. Seropositivity was higher in adult pigs (14.47 %; 95 % CI: 9.84 %–20.77 %) than in growers (3.77 %; 95 % CI: 1.74 %–7.99 %), but this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.385, <em>p</em> = value = 0.535). Risk factor analysis identified the pig management system (OR = 2.47, <em>p</em> = 0.005), household pig herd size (OR = 3.08, <em>p</em> = 0.003), pig pen design (OR = 2.49, <em>p</em> = 0.002), feed source (OR = 3.08, <em>p</em> = 0.000), ignorance of porcine cysticercosis (OR = 1.57, <em>p</em> = 0.031) and presence of open-field defecation (OR = 1.47, <em>p</em> = 0.025) as significant contributors to the transmission of porcine cysticercosis. This study identifies a significant burden of porcine cysticercosis in Mpwapwa District, highlighting the need for effective control strategies to combat this zoonotic disease, protect smallholder livelihoods, and align with the WHO's 2030 targets for intensified <em>T. solium</em> control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global geographical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes from dogs: A systematic review","authors":"Maryam Hataminejad ,&nbsp;Mahbobeh Montazeri ,&nbsp;Asal Tanzifi ,&nbsp;Tahereh Mikaeili Galeh","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (<em>T. gondii</em>) is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving various intermediate hosts, including dogs. Dogs can act as intermediate hosts for <em>T. gondii</em>, allowing the parasite to undergo asexual reproduction within their tissues. This can lead to the formation of tissue cysts containing bradyzoites, which can be transmitted to other hosts. Therefore, the infectious strains of <em>T. gondii</em> in dogs could reflect the primary genotypes infecting the environment, humans, and animals. This comprehensive research aims to assess the genetic diversity of <em>T. gondii</em> isolates collected from dogs worldwide. A thorough search of four academic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar was conducted for literature published from January 1990 to March 2024. In the present study, a total of 26 papers met the criteria for inclusion. The results revealed that atypical genotypes were the most prevalent, accounting for 78.2 % of the total isolates (151 out of 193). Clonal Types III, II, and I were less frequent, with prevalence rates of 9.8 % (19 out of 193), 7.8 % (15 out of 193), and 3.1 % (6 out of 193), respectively. Type I clonal isolates have been documented in regions including Asia, Europe, and North America. Type II isolates have been identified in Africa, Europe, Oceania, and North America. Furthermore, Type III isolates, along with atypical genotypes, have been reported across Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. According to an analysis of 159 ToxoDB genotypes found in dogs worldwide, ToxoDB #2 (Type III) was the most prevalent genotype (18/159), followed by ToxoDB #1 or #3 (Type II) (15/159), ToxoDB #9 (15/159), and ToxoDB #20 (15/159). Overall, our study revealed low genetic diversity of <em>T. gondii</em> in dogs from Europe, Oceania, and Africa, with circulating clonal strains. Conversely, despite the higher number of isolates in Asia, North America, and South America, non-clonal parasites with extensive genetic diversity were prevalent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Sliding mode control with stochastic modeling and mobility interaction for managing epidemic spread in high-population regions” [Parasite Epidemiology and Control, Volume 30 (2025), Article number e00439]","authors":"Dewi Suhika,&nbsp;Roberd Saragih,&nbsp;Dewi Handayani,&nbsp;Mochamad Apri","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare detection of dermal Leishmania infantum in two pediatric patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southern Iran","authors":"Mohsen Kalantari ,&nbsp;Kourosh Azizi ,&nbsp;Qasem Asgari ,&nbsp;Masoud Yousefi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study highlights the rare detection of dermal <em>Leishmania infantum</em> in two pediatric patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southern Iran. Both patients had a history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and presented with atypical facial lesions. Molecular assays confirmed the presence of L. <em>infantum</em> through species PCR targeting the cysteine protease B (cpb) gene, revealing 702/741-bp amplicons. Phylogenetic analysis describes two pediatric CL cases in southern Iran caused by a strain of L. <em>infantum</em> closely related to the LIPA59 genotype. This detection in immunocompetent children challenges the traditional association of L. <em>infantum</em> solely with VL and highlights its capacity for atypical dermal manifestations. These findings underscore the necessity of molecular diagnostics to differentiate <em>Leishmania</em> species, as misidentification risks ineffective treatments and potential disease progression. Enhanced surveillance integrating PCR-based methods is critical to track dermal strains in regions where VL and CL overlap, particularly given potential ecological or genetic drivers of atypical tropism. Addressing this emerging threat requires integrated strategies to mitigate the dual burden of cutaneous and visceral disease in vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Prevalence of Strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients in Mazandaran Province of northern Iran: A comprehensive study utilizing simultaneous parasitological, serological, and molecular techniques” [Parasite Epidemiology, volume29 (May 2025), e00425].","authors":"Reza Saberi ,&nbsp;Aliasghar Ghorbanzadeh ,&nbsp;Rabeeh Tabaripour ,&nbsp;Shahabeddin Sarvi ,&nbsp;Shirzad Gholami ,&nbsp;Seyed Abdollah Hosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of systemic immune inflammatory index as a predictor for nematodes infections in horses","authors":"Falmata Kyari ,&nbsp;Cephas Joseph Pogu ,&nbsp;Ismaila Alhaji Mairiga ,&nbsp;Lawan Adamu","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nematode infections are a significant health concern in horses, causing a range of clinical signs and economic losses. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment and management.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Examining the application of the systemic immune Inflammatory index (SII) as a predictor for nematode infections in horses, using platelets count, leucocytes count, and neutrophils count.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 horses, consisting of 66 horses with nematode infections and 98 horses without infections. The SII was computed using the platelets count, leucocytes count, and neutrophils count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the SII's diagnostic accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nematode infections were severe in horses with mixed infections, with an average of 1805.90 ± 292.68 eggs per gram (epg). Notably, among specific species, <em>Cyathostomum</em> spp., exhibited a significantly different average of 2264.29 ± 132.61epg compared to other nematodes. There is a significant negative correlations between the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and the Eggs per gram count for nematodes infections at (<em>r</em> = −0.6023; <em>P</em> &lt; .0001). The SII values were significantly lower (0.06) in horses with nematode infections compared to those without infections (0.19) at <em>p</em> &lt; .001. With an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.990, the SII demonstrated exceptional diagnostic precision. For the SII, the ideal cut-off value is ≤0.108, with a sensitivity of 98.5 % and a specificity of 100 %. The ROC curve was validated using the Youden index (J) with a higher value of 0.9848 indicating better performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrated that the SII is a reliable predictor for nematode infections in horses, using platelets count, leucocytes count, and neutrophils count. The SII is a non-invasive, reasonably priced method for identifying and diagnosing nematode infections in horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implemented strategic trypanosomosis and vector control activities along the Birbir River Basin through the application of deltamethrin-based insecticides using stationary attractive devices (targets), ground spraying, and live bait techniques","authors":"Behablom Meharenet,&nbsp;Tekalegn Desta,&nbsp;Dessalew Shitu,&nbsp;Mintesnot Tsegaye","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Baseline and control intervention entomological and parasitological studies were conducted from September 2016 to February 2018 with the intended purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of implemented strategic trypanosomosis and vector control activities. The baseline and control intervention entomological studies compared and revealed a decline in the overall apparent fly density from 2.61 flies/trap/day during the baseline study to 1.68 flies/trap/day after the control intervention, representing a reduction of 64.37%. Additionally, the mean daily catch per trap showed a significant reduction from 5.23 ± 1.58 to 3.35 ± 1.58 (mean catch ± SD). The comparison of baseline and control study results showed a significant decline in the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, from 7.91% to 4.81% (likelihood ratio = 13.49, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.00), corresponding to a reduction of 60.81%. Furthermore, a better herd mean packed cell volume (PCV) was observed during the control intervention study (22.53 ± 4.48 and 25.68 ± 4.04, mean PCV ± SD) compared to the baseline (21.87 ± 4.57 and 25.41 ± 4.27, mean PCV ± SD) in parasite-infected cattle. Therefore, the results of the study clearly showed that the implemented vector control activity, specifically the application of deltamethrin insecticides on stationary attractive devices (targets), ground sprays, and live bait techniques, effectively suppressed both the vector population (Glossina flies) and parasite prevalence (trypanosomiasis) during the study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of Wolbachia research (1936–2024): Global landscape, mapping progress and themes","authors":"Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha ,&nbsp;Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Hafeez Yagoub Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Jerah ,&nbsp;Aied M. Alabsi ,&nbsp;Saleh Mohammad Abdullah ,&nbsp;Bassem Oraibi ,&nbsp;Hassan Ahmad Alfaifi ,&nbsp;Yasir Osman Hassan Babiker ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Saeed Alshahrani ,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohammed Farasani ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Alamer ,&nbsp;Tawfeeq Altherwi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Wolbachia</em>, an obligatory gram-negative intracellular bacterium associated with <em>Rickettsia</em>, was initially identified in <em>Culex pipiens</em> mosquitoes and later in diverse invertebrates. This study utilizes bibliometric methodologies to quantitatively analyze <em>Wolbachia</em> research (WR), filling a gap in systematic analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, original English papers were extracted from Scopus and analyzed using VOSViewer and Bibliometrix to assess performance indices, citations, co-word mapping, emerging themes, and the evolution of WR. Since its inception between 1936 and 1961, WR has grown to 4800 documents by 2024, with notable surges in 2022 and 2024. Scholars like O'Neill, Hoffmann, and Bourtzis have significantly influenced this field. Bradford's law highlights WR distribution among 876 sources, with 37.54 % of studies being collaborative. Six thematic areas have evolved toward practical applications, particularly in vector control and disease management. Emerging topics since 2015, such as “cytoplasmic incompatibility” and “arboviruses,” reflect growing interest in microbiology and disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae and cyprinoid fish abundance in Nong Han Wetland, Thailand","authors":"Wiwat Kaensa ,&nbsp;Lakhanawan Charoensuk ,&nbsp;Chadon Nakmai ,&nbsp;Somchai Pinlaor ,&nbsp;Apiporn T. Suwannatrai ,&nbsp;Umawadee Laothong ,&nbsp;Suksanti Prakobwong","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opisthorchiasis, caused by <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em>, remains a public health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. This study investigates the prevalence and intensity of <em>O. viverrini</em> metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from the Nong Han Wetland in Northeast Thailand, and assesses fish abundance and environmental factors influencing parasite distribution. Fish were sampled monthly at eight sites during the rainy (June – October 2024) and dry (November 2024 – March 2025) seasons. Fish species were identified, and their relative abundance and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index (H′)) were assessed. Cyprinoid fish were digested with 0.25 % pepsin-HCl to detect, identified and quantify <em>O. viverrini</em> metacercariae under a microscope. Concurrent water quality paramteters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform levels) were analyzed to assess their correlation with parasite distribution. A total of 1429 fish from 36 species were collected, with <em>Trichogaster vittatus</em> (Family Belontiidae) being the most abundant. Among 392 cyprinoid fish (Family Cyprinidae) from 11 species (H′ = 1.8), 15.1 % were infected with <em>O. viverrini</em> metacercariae found in 6 species. <em>Cyclocheilichthys apogon</em> showed the significant highest prevalence (20.3 %). Infection intensity was highest in <em>Barbonymus gonionotus</em> and <em>Hampala dispar</em> (6.0 metacercariae/infected fish). Higher fecal coliform levels and proximity to human settlements correlated with infection. Dry season prevalence (17.8 %) and intensity (5.1 ± 2.6) were significantly greater than the rainy season (11.0 % and 2.6 ± 1.1, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001). A strong correlation existed between fecal coliforms and <em>O. viverrini</em> prevalence (<em>r</em> = 0.981, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001), with hotspots near human settlements. The findings highlight the influence of fecal contamination, seasonality, and human factors on <em>O. viverrini</em> transmission, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in domestic sheep in the Faroe Islands","authors":"Eyðfinn Magnussen ,&nbsp;Bergur Hanusson ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Sunnvør í Kongsstovu","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little has been known about the zoonotic parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> in the remote isolated archipelago of the Faroe Islands. This study was conducted to estimate <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence in domestic sheep in the Faroe Islands. We tested samples from 122 sheep slaughtered for human consumption in October 2021 for presence of antibodies against the parasite using a commercial multi-species ELISA. The sheep originated from 14 land lots across the Faroe Islands. Four sheep were seropositive for <em>T. gondii</em>, corresponding to a seroprevalence estimate of 3.3 %. All four seropositive sheep were adult ewes; the seroprevalence estimate among adult ewes was 19.0 %. At least one seropositive sheep was found from three of the 14 land lots (21.4 %). All seropositive sheep were adult ewes, suggesting acquired infections from oocysts. The infections occurred in three distant out-fields, indicating multifocal environmental oocyst contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article e00436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}