Intestinal protozoa infections and associated factors among diarrheal under-five children in Borena district, central Ethiopia

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Alebie Mesfin , Woynshet Gelaye , Getaneh Alemu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In impoverished nations, intestinal protozoan infections (IPIs) are a leading cause of diarrhea in children. However, in the majority of afflicted nations, including Ethiopia, the role played by each intestinal protozoa species in causing diarrhea and the risk factors linked with it are not adequately addressed. This would support focused intervention efforts. The prevalence of IPIs and related variables were evaluated between April and May 2023 among 380 under-five children in Borena district of Amhara region, central Ethiopia, by an institution-based cross-sectional survey. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. The study included a structured questionnaire to gather data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and perceived risk factors for IPIs. Using saline and iodine wet mounts as well as Richie's modified formol-ethyl acetate concentration technique, stool samples were collected and analyzed under a microscope. SPSS was used to enter and evaluate the data. At a 95 % confidence level, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors linked to intestinal protozoa infection. Among 380 participants, 136 (35.8 %) were tested positive for one or more intestinal parasite species at least by one of the diagnostic methods. 118 (31.1 %; 95 % CI: 26.6–36.1) children were infected by intestinal protozoans.
The parasites detected were: G. lamblia 71 (18.7 %) and E. histolytica/disar 54 (14.2 %), E. vermicularis 3 (0.8 %), A. lumbricoides 2 (0.5 %), H. nana 2 (0.5 %) and T. trichiura 1 (0.3 %). Seven (1.8 %) participants were infected by both protozoan species. Children whose mothers/guardians did not attend formal education were at higher risk of IPI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.801; 95 %CI: 1.666–4.711, p < 0.001) than children from literate mothers/guardians. Absence of functional toiltet in the household (AOR = 1.952; 95 %CI: 1.195–3.187, p = 0.008), hand washing with water alone, rather than with soap/ash (AOR = 3.052; 95 %CI: 1.203–7.746, p = 0.019) and having frequent contact with animals (AOR = 2.103; 95 %CI: 1.238–3.574, p = 0.006) were associated with IPIs. These findings revealed that Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are public health problems causing diarrhea among under-five children in the study area, and their transmission is associated with the illiteracy of mothers/guardians, the absence of functional toilets, not using soap/ash during hand washing, and frequent contact with domestic animals. Therefore, when diagnosing, treating, and educating patients about diarrhea, healthcare professionals should take these protozoans into account.
埃塞俄比亚中部博雷纳地区腹泻的五岁以下儿童的肠道原生动物感染及其相关因素
在贫困国家,肠道原生动物感染(IPIs)是儿童腹泻的主要原因。然而,在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的大多数受影响的国家,每种肠道原生动物在引起腹泻中的作用以及与之相关的风险因素没有得到充分解决。这将支持有重点的干预努力。通过基于机构的横断面调查,于2023年4月至5月期间对埃塞俄比亚中部阿姆哈拉地区Borena地区380名5岁以下儿童的ipi患病率和相关变量进行了评估。采用系统随机抽样的方法选择研究对象。该研究包括一份结构化问卷,以收集有关ipi的社会人口特征和感知风险因素的数据。使用生理盐水和碘湿载片以及里奇改良的甲酸乙酯浓缩技术,收集粪便样本并在显微镜下分析。采用SPSS软件对数据进行输入和评价。在95%的置信水平上,采用双变量和多变量logistic回归来确定与肠道原生动物感染相关的因素。在380名参与者中,136名(35.8%)至少通过一种诊断方法检测出一种或多种肠道寄生虫阳性。118人(31.1%;95% CI: 26.6 ~ 36.1)患儿感染肠道原生动物。检出的寄生虫有:兰氏弓形虫71只(18.7%)、溶组织弓形虫54只(14.2%)、蛭形弓形虫3只(0.8%)、类蚓弓形虫2只(0.5%)、纳氏弓形虫2只(0.5%)、毛螺旋体弓形虫1只(0.3%)。7名(1.8%)参与者同时感染两种原生动物。母亲/监护人未接受正规教育的儿童患IPI的风险较高(调整优势比(AOR) = 2.801;95% CI: 1.666-4.711;0.001),比母亲/监护人受过教育的孩子要多。家中缺乏功能性厕所(AOR = 1.952;95% CI: 1.195 ~ 3.187, p = 0.008),单纯用水洗手,而不是用肥皂/灰分洗手(AOR = 3.052;95% CI: 1.203 ~ 7.746, p = 0.019),经常接触动物(AOR = 2.103;95% CI: 1.238 ~ 3.574, p = 0.006)与ipi相关。这些发现表明,兰第鞭毛虫和溶组织内阿米巴是导致研究地区5岁以下儿童腹泻的公共卫生问题,其传播与母亲/监护人不识字、缺乏功能性厕所、洗手时不使用肥皂/灰以及经常与家畜接触有关。因此,在诊断、治疗和教育患者有关腹泻的知识时,卫生保健专业人员应考虑到这些原生动物。
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来源期刊
Parasite Epidemiology and Control
Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.10%
发文量
44
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.
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