Application of molecular approach in combination with providing treatment and control measures for combating Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00403

Nutsuda Klinkaew , Pairpailin Jhaiaun , Giang Thi Nguyen , Ruttayaporn Ngasaman , Domechai Keawnoi , Niorn Rattanapob , Pipat Arunvipas , Meyanee Kanjanaphan , Nuttapon Manojai , Suwitcha Panchakhan , Julaluk Jaiboon , Piyavadee Numnual , Prattana Tong-in , Thongphanchang Khanthong , Paween Srirarai , Chutima Chantarakot , Pattarakitti Noenchat , Jaroonwit Napornram , Somtat Yangsuk , Tanakrit Cham-iam , Ketsarin Kamyingkird

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasite in the genus of Babesia. Babesia infections affect cattle health, reduce milk and meat production and lead to economic losses in tropical and subtropical countries. Babesia parasites are difficult to diagnose in the early stage of infections during low parasitemia and asymptomatic conditions led to the lack of treatment and control at the early stage of infection. This study aimed to integrate a molecular tool for the detection and genetic characterization of Babesia (B.) bovis and B. bigemina in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand, and to study the risk factors association with Babesia infections in small scale livestock farms in Thailand. This study was conducted in four regions of Thailand between June 2023 and January 2024. Dairy and beef cattle blood samples were collected, genomic DNA were extracted and nested PCRs were performed. Data associated with Babesia infections were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and interview. Nested PCR targeting B. bovis spherical binding protein 4 (SBP4) and B. bigemina rhoptries associating protein 1a (Rap1a) genes were performed and direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. Risk factors association with Babesia infections were analyzed. PCR results, chemotherapeutic treatment options, and vector control suggestions were also reported to local veterinarians and farmers within 14 days. A total of 964 livestock blood samples were collected from 126 small scale farms in four regions of Thailand. B. bovis infection was predominant in buffalo (31.25 %), followed by dairy cattle (11.44 %) and beef cattle (7.47 %). B. bigemina infection was predominant in goats (53.33 %), followed by beef cattle (25.33 %) and dairy cattle (8.88 %). Mixed infection was also detected in beef and dairy cattle at 2.09 % and 1.58 %, respectively. Molecular characterization of B. bovis SBP4 and B. bigemina RAP1a sequences showed that B. bigemina and B. bovis Thai isolates were closely related among geographical areas and shared genetic similarity among different hosts but were genetically distinct from B. bigemina and B. bovis from other countries. Risk factor analysis identified five factors associated with B. bovis infection and one factor associated with B. bigemina infection in small-scale livestock farming in Thailand. All the farmers were very satisfied with the integrative approach. This study implemented sensitive and specific nested PCR methods for the detection of Babesia in livestock. Applying an integrative approach by providing a sensitive diagnostic tool for identification of the infected animals and providing proper treatment and control measures to local farmers help combating babesiosis in small scale livestock farms.

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应用分子方法结合提供治疗和控制措施，在泰国小型家畜养殖场防治牛巴贝斯虫和双巴贝斯虫感染。

牛巴贝斯虫病是一种由巴贝斯虫属的顶复原虫寄生虫引起的蜱传疾病。巴贝斯虫感染影响牛的健康，减少牛奶和肉类产量，并导致热带和亚热带国家的经济损失。巴贝斯虫寄生虫在感染的早期阶段难以诊断，在低寄生虫血症和无症状状况导致感染的早期阶段缺乏治疗和控制。本研究旨在整合泰国小规模养殖场巴贝斯虫（B.）牛巴贝斯虫和双头巴贝斯虫的分子检测和遗传特征，并研究泰国小规模养殖场巴贝斯虫感染的相关危险因素。这项研究于2023年6月至2024年1月在泰国的四个地区进行。采集奶牛和肉牛血液样本，提取基因组DNA并进行巢式pcr检测。使用半结构化问卷和访谈收集与巴贝虫感染相关的数据。采用巢式PCR方法对牛双头牛球形结合蛋白4 （SBP4）和双头牛双头牛异体相关蛋白1a （Rap1a）基因进行定位，并进行直接测序和系统发育分析。分析与巴贝虫感染相关的危险因素。PCR结果、化疗方案和病媒控制建议也在14天内报告给当地兽医和养殖户。从泰国四个地区的126个小规模养殖场共采集了964份牲畜血液样本。以水牛（31.25%）感染为主，其次为奶牛（11.44%）和肉牛（7.47%）。以山羊（53.33%）为主，其次为肉牛（25.33%）和奶牛（8.88%）。肉牛和奶牛的混合感染率分别为2.09%和1.58%。牛双头牛B. SBP4和牛双头牛B. RAP1a序列的分子特征表明，泰国分离的牛双头牛B.和牛双头牛B.在地理区域间亲缘关系密切，在不同寄主间具有遗传相似性，但与其他国家分离的牛双头牛B.和牛双头牛B.存在遗传差异。风险因素分析确定了泰国小规模畜牧业中与牛b型感染相关的5个因素和与双头b型感染相关的1个因素。所有农民对综合方法都非常满意。本研究建立了灵敏特异的巢式PCR检测家畜巴贝斯虫的方法。采用综合方法，提供一种敏感的诊断工具来识别受感染的动物，并向当地农民提供适当的治疗和控制措施，有助于在小型牲畜养殖场防治巴贝斯虫病。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.