Residual transmission of schistosomiasis in Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon) despite implementation of complementary control strategies: Prospects for elimination

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2025.e00410

Hervé Kengne Fogang , Hugues C. Nana Djeunga , Alvine C. Kengne-Fokam , Murielle C. Tchami Mbagnia , Flobert Njiokou , Dickson S. Nsagha , Emmanuel Yenshu , Joseph Kamgno

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Schistosomiasis control currently relies on school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel, which has been proven, unfortunately, insufficient to interrupt disease transmission in areas with persistent transmission. In the Ndikinimeki Health District (Centre Region, Cameroon), complementary strategies (community-based preventive chemotherapy, water sanitation, hygiene, and health education) have also been implemented to accelerate the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in this focus. The assessment of the impact of this package of interventions revealed that only a few individuals were still infected with Schistosoma mansoni. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate whether schistosomiasis transmission has been interrupted in the Ndikinimeki Health District by assessing the infection among the population of snails, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional malacological survey was conducted in four health areas of the Ndikinimeki Health District using a standardized technique. Collected snails were transported to the laboratory, where they were identified and exposed to sunlight for cercarial shedding. Overall, 350 snails intermediate hosts of schistosomes were collected in 32 sampling sites. A total of 330 (94.3 %) were identified as Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria camerunensis, and 20 (5.7 %) as Bulinus forskalii. Of the 154 snails that survived during 30 days of follow-up, 16 (10.4 %; 95 % CI: 6.5–16.2) shed cercariae, the infection rate being quite heterogeneous between snails' species and communities. This study revealed a residual transmission of schistosomiasis in the snail populations, emphasizing the need for snail control to complement current interventions and accelerate schistosomiasis transmission interruption.

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尽管实施了补充控制战略，但ndikinmeki卫生区（喀麦隆中部地区）血吸虫病的残留传播：消除前景

血吸虫病的控制目前依赖于以学校为基础的吡喹酮预防性化疗，不幸的是，这已被证明不足以在持续传播的地区阻断疾病传播。在ndikinmeki卫生区（喀麦隆中部地区），还实施了补充战略（基于社区的预防性化疗、水环境卫生、个人卫生和健康教育），以加速阻断这一重点地区的血吸虫病传播。对这一揽子干预措施影响的评估表明，只有少数人仍然感染了曼氏血吸虫。因此，本研究旨在通过评估血吸虫病中间宿主蜗牛种群的感染情况，调查Ndikinimeki卫生区血吸虫病的传播是否已被阻断。采用标准化技术在恩迪基尼梅基卫生区的四个卫生区进行了横断面线虫学调查。收集的蜗牛被运送到实验室，在那里它们被鉴定并暴露在阳光下进行尾蚴脱落。在32个采样点共采集到血吸虫中间寄主350只。鉴定为肥肉和camerunensis生物phalaria 330株（94.3%），forskalii Bulinus 20株（5.7%）。在30天的随访中存活的154只蜗牛中，16只(10.4%；95% CI: 6.5 ~ 16.2)，钉螺种间、群落间感染率差异较大。本研究揭示了血吸虫病在蜗牛种群中的残留传播，强调了控制蜗牛以补充当前干预措施和加速血吸虫病传播中断的必要性。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.