Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"Asymptomatic malaria infection and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Gizachew Ambaw Kassie ,&nbsp;Gedion Asnake Azeze ,&nbsp;Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan ,&nbsp;Afework Alemu Lombebo ,&nbsp;Getachew Asmare Adella ,&nbsp;Kirubel Eshetu Haile ,&nbsp;Getahun Dendir Welda ,&nbsp;Amelework Gonfa Efa ,&nbsp;Yordanos Sisay Asgedom","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Asymptomatic malaria during pregnancy is a significant public health concern in malaria-endemic regions, which worsens the various effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and increases maternal and neonatal mortality. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted on asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in pregnant women in Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane, AJOL, and Ethiopian University repositories were systematically searched to identify studies reporting the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A random effects model was used to perform the analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed with the I-squared tests, and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Ten articles with 3277 study participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 7.03% (95% CI: 6.23–9.12); I² = 81.2%). In the species-specific pooled prevalence estimate, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was 5.34% (95%CI: 3.38–7.3; I2 = 87.8%), and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 1.69% (95%CI: 1.2–5; I2 = 91.5%).Not using insecticide-treated bed nets [OR = 7.36, 95% CI (2.75, 19.73)], being primi-gravida [OR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.23, 2.82)]; lack of health education about malaria prevention [OR = 6.86, 95% CI (2.90, 11.44)] were predictors of asymptomatic malaria infection during pregnancy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study revealed that asymptomatic malaria was prevalent among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This suggests that relying merely on reported symptoms may result in missed malaria cases. Therefore, regular screening and treatment protocols for malaria are recommended in antenatal care. It is also crucial to ensure that pregnant women have access to insecticide-treated bed nets and other effective malaria prevention measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000035/pdfft?md5=ec5ecb976a220808b728d5750fe3c910&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis, and Babesia bigemina infecting cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt","authors":"Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman A. Rady ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tick-borne diseases have a major adverse effect on livestock worldwide, causing enormous economic losses in meat and milk production as well threatening animal and public health. In this study, we aimed to detect and characterize piroplasms isolated from cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt, using molecular techniques. Three hundred blood samples were collected from cattle and buffalo in two governorates in southern Egypt. All 300 samples (100%) were confirmed to contain DNA, as they exhibited bands of bovine <em>β-actin</em> gene at the expected 227 bp for cattle and buffalo. The samples were analyzed by PCR for the presence of piroplasms, specifically <em>Babesia bovis</em>, <em>Babesia bigemina</em>, and <em>Theileria annulata</em>. Samples positive for the <em>piroplasma 18S ribosomal RNA</em> gene were further examined for two additional genes, <em>spherical body protein 4</em> gene, to provide an enhanced degree of specificity for the identification of <em>B. bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina</em>, and the <em>major merozoite surface antigen</em> gene for <em>T. annulata.</em> The infection rate for piroplasma spp. was 60/300 (20%). The positivity rates were 10.7% (32/300) for <em>T. annulata</em>, 5.3% (16/300) for <em>B. bovis</em>, and 4% (12/300) for <em>B. bigemina</em>. By host species, 42/150 (28%) cattle and 18/150 (12%) buffalo were positive for piroplasms. None of the isolates sequenced for the <em>B. bovis</em> isolates from buffalo in this study showed 100% identity with any sequence deposited in GenBank for the <em>small subunit ribosomal RNA</em> gene (maximum identity value = 99.74%). Similarly, no <em>T. annulata small subunit ribosomal RNA</em> gene sequence identified in this study exhibited 100% identity with any sequence deposited in GenBank (maximum identity value = 99.89%). The current study provides a partial sequence of the <em>T. annulata merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen</em> gene, as well as the <em>B. bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina spherical body protein 4</em> genes, in cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt, and is the first report on these piroplasma genes in cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article e00340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000047/pdfft?md5=b128e5a77b3f939f93fca61e3732415e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673124000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First official report of bed bug (Hemiptera, Cimicidae) infestations in Algeria","authors":"Thinhinane Djouaher ,&nbsp;Mohammad Akhoundi ,&nbsp;Omar Hamarsheh ,&nbsp;Denis Sereno ,&nbsp;Dahlia Chebbah ,&nbsp;Karima Brahmi ,&nbsp;Soumeya Chahed ,&nbsp;Sophie Brun ,&nbsp;Julie Jan ,&nbsp;Arezki Izri","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bed bugs are hematophagous insects with a long history of presence in human communities. Over the last three decades, infestations by bed bugs in human dwellings have drastically increased, leading to a rise in bed bug concerns. Nevertheless, very little is known about the bed bug species and their population diversity in Algeria.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A pilot entomological inventory was performed in May 2019 in Tizi Ouzou, in northern Algeria. The gathered bed bug specimens were identified by morphological and molecular approaches, followed by neighbor-joining and network phylogenetic analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of seven out of 12 requested locations were allowed to inspect for bed bug infestation. Of these, three locations were found with active bed bug infestations. A total of 145 specimens belonging to different life stages [egg (21), nymph (74), adult male (17), and female (33)] were collected and analyzed using morphological and molecular approaches. The adult specimens were identified as <em>Cimex lectularius</em> according to specific morphological criteria, most importantly the pronotum laterally expanded with more flattened extreme margins. Morphological identification of the adults was confirmed further by conventional PCR targeting 450 bp fragment of the COI gene. All the nymphs and eggs were also molecularly identified as <em>C. lectularius</em>. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree reconstructed with the collected specimens provides clues on the presence of two closely phylogenetic groups. The first one gathers our samples of Algeria with previously reported COI haplotype sequences from Asian, European, and North American countries. The second group encompasses a lesser-documented haplotype reported in Europe and Central America. These findings were further confirmed by network analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results provide evidence of established <em>C. lectularius</em> infestation in Algeria and its potential dispersal capacity by travelers or immigrants and will help future management of these ectoparasites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000521/pdfft?md5=c14783671165b31a9959b476d9a7eefb&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. in small wild rodents using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing","authors":"Rosalina Rotovnik ,&nbsp;Tatiana Siegler Lathrop ,&nbsp;Jakob Skov ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel ,&nbsp;Christen Rune Stensvold","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rodents may serve as reservoirs of zoonotic species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em>; however, data from molecular surveys in support of this hypothesis are still scarce. In this study, we screened faeces and rectal content from murid and cricetid rodents (<em>N</em> = 58) caught around three farms in Zealand, Denmark, for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of ribosomal genes. Selected samples were further examined using nested conventional PCR targeting SSU rRNA, gp60, and actin genes. <em>Cryptosporidium-</em>specific DNA was identified in 40/58 (69%) samples, and in 12 (30%) of the 40 positive animals, mixed cryptosporidial infections were observed. <em>Cryptosporidium ditrichi</em> was the species most commonly identified, found in 28 (48%) of the animals. <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> was identified in 4 (7%) of the animals, all of which were co-infected with <em>C. ditrichi</em>. The present study is the first to utilize NGS-based screening for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species in wild rodents. Moreover, it is the first study to provide molecular data on <em>Cryptosporidium</em> in rodents sampled in Denmark and to detect DNA of <em>C. ditrichi</em> in <em>Mus musculus, Myodes glareolus,</em> and <em>Microtus agrestis.</em> The NGS approach was successfully applied to yield new knowledge, and the results showed that zoonotic species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> are common in murid and cricetid rodents in Zealand, Denmark.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000491/pdfft?md5=c1810f7033684e542f3ce9c163503774&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global scenario of genetic diversity in cox1 and nad1 genes of Moniezia expansa","authors":"Ayed Alshammari ,&nbsp;Umair Ali ,&nbsp;Abdulbaset Mohammed Kabli ,&nbsp;Majed H. Wakid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saqib ,&nbsp;Shujaat Hussain ,&nbsp;Warda Qamar ,&nbsp;Mughees Aizaz Alvi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monieziasis is a parasite-borne production-limiting disease of livestock. <em>Moniezia expansa</em> is the most important species having cosmopolitan distribution. Despite of numerous prevalence reports, very little information is available about the evolutionary biology and population genetics of <em>M. expansa.</em> To close this research gap, this study was undertaken to recognize and inspect the genetic variation of <em>M. expansa</em> populations around the world using the <em>cox</em>1 and <em>nad</em>1 genes and deduce phylogenetic relationships with <em>M. expansa</em> populations. The <em>cox</em>1 and <em>nad</em>1 gene sequences were downloaded from the NCBI GenBank database. Followed by sequence alignment, median-joining networks were constructed using PopArt software. Diversity and neutrality indices were computed through DnaSp software while MEGA software was used to draw the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. Thirty-two <em>cox</em>1 sequences, from five different countries, and 9 <em>nad</em>1 sequences from three different countries, were among the sequences used in this study. The <em>cox</em>1 and <em>nad</em>1 gene sequences had mutations in 97 and 36 different places, respectively. Twenty and 7 unique haplotypes were discovered for the <em>cox</em>1 and <em>nad</em>1 gene sequences, respectively. Comparable haplotype diversities were observed for both the genes under study (<em>cox</em>1 = 0.950; <em>nad</em>1 = 0.944). Negative Tajima's D and Fu Fs were found for the <em>cox</em>1 gene while these indices were positive for the <em>nad</em>1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis also showed the existence of unique haplotypes for both the <em>cox</em>1 and <em>nad</em>1 genes. The results of this study indicate that there is the existence of a huge genetic diversity in <em>M. expansa</em> isolates. For future studies, it is recommended that longer gene sequences should be used to describe genetic variation among <em>M. expansa</em> isolates as the length of the gene under study affects the genetic variation. Moreover, additional mitochondrial markers should also be investigated because the assertive strength of a group of gene targets is superior to defining genetic diversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000508/pdfft?md5=867f92de52fbc602f9980fdb6dcf4f16&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000508-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dog screening as a novel complementary guinea worm disease control tool to mitigate persistence in Chad: A modeling study","authors":"Mlyashimbi Helikumi ,&nbsp;Steady Mushayabasa","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A free-roaming dog population remains one of the major public health problems in many developing countries. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of owned roaming and stray dogs on the persistence and possible eradication of Guinea worm disease (GWD) in Chad. We developed and analysed a multi-host of Guinea worm; and considered dogs as the definitive hosts, and fish as the intermediate hosts. Currently, GWD cases in the human population are low; hence, we ignored the human population in this study. We derived the reproduction number and explored how it depends on different model parameters that define it. We calibrated the proposed model with data from literature and validated it with recently reported GWD monthly data for dog infection in Chad from 2019 to 2022. Results show that detection and tethering of infectious owned free-roaming dogs combined with culling of stray dogs are effective disease management strategies. Hence, attainment of certain threshold levels for these interventions could lead to disease eradication. Overall, the study revealed how different factors could be applied to effectively manage GWD transmission in the dog population. Findings from this study could be used to support decision-making in GWD control strategies.</p><p><strong>Mathematics Subject Classification (2010)</strong>: 92B05, 93A30, 93C15.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000454/pdfft?md5=0c984d6ddf77dfc0af3ef1063e1347f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000454-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138391240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of geohelminths in primary schools children aged 5 to 15 years in the city of Moundou, southwestern Chad","authors":"Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric ,&nbsp;Adam Makine Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ,&nbsp;Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand ,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin ,&nbsp;Kamga Fouamno Henri Lucien","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geohelminthiases are endemic in Chad and constitute a serious public health problem. This study aimed at determing the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal geohelminthiasis in children aged 5–15 years in the city of Moundou, Chad. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in the city of Moundou. A total of 333 pupils participated in this study and it included children aged from 5 to 15 years attending three public primary schools in Moundou. A questionnaire was administered to each student after obtaining Informed Consent from either parent. Stool samples were collected in a sterile container and, the formalin-ethyl ether concentration technique was used to identify parasite. Parasitic load was assessed using the Mc Master cell method. The collected data were analyzed using Excel; Word 2016 and SPSS 20 software. An overall prevalence of 16.52% was obtained, 9.3% for <em>Trichuris trichiura,</em> 6.9% for <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em>, and 1.2% for Hookworms. Male participants were more infected (67.24%) than females (32.76%). The age group]9–13] was the most infected (53.44%), followed by the age group [5–9](44.83%) and finally the age group]13–15] (1.73%). The Ouhoud school was the most infected (55.17%) followed by the Adoum Dallah school (39.66%) and finally the Centre school (5.17%). However, no statistically significant difference between gender and geohelminthiasis infection was recorded (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Regarding risk factors, statistical analysis showed that age group]9–13] (OR = 1.997 at 95% CI at [1.085–3.677]), Central Public School (OR = 1.55 at 95% CI at [0.63–2.46]), tap water (OR = 29 at 95% CI at [20.89–38.70]), not maintaining latrines (OR = 2.37 at 95% CI at [0.62–3.78]), and maintenance of latrines by pupils (OR = 1.5 at 95% CI at [0.63–2.46]) were risk factors. This study shows a high prevalence of geohelmenthiasis among children of three primary schools in Moundou, Chad. Although males were more infected than female there was no significant difference between gender and geohelminth infections (<em>p</em> = 0.114). was no gender difference. Identified risk factors of geohelmenthiasis infections among the study population were: age between 9 and 13 years, school water consumption, the use of unmaintained latrines and latrines maintained by students. Surveillance of geohelminthiases and hygiene should be intensified to reduce the pathological risk related to these parasites in Chad.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000478/pdfft?md5=bbf728f10964810ad9827b8da3dd97c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural practices and intestinal parasites: A study of socio-environmental risk factors associated with leafy vegetable production in La Plata horticultural area, Argentina","authors":"Andrea Celina Falcone ,&nbsp;María Lorena Zonta ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Unzaga ,&nbsp;Graciela Teresa Navone","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foodborne diseases now represent one of the most important public health problems. The objectives were to analyze the leafy vegetables and crop soil to detect parasitic species and evaluate the factors that increase the risk of parasitic contamination in the productive units in La Plata horticultural area. The study included 261 leafy vegetable and 87 crop soil samples that were processed using washing, sedimentation, and flotation techniques. Socio-environmental characteristics and agricultural practices were surveyed, and a generalized linear model was used to assess the change in parasitic prevalence with different predictor variable. The 58.6% of leafy vegetable and 31.0% of crop soil samples contained parasitic species, the most prevalent being <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. and oocysts of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. Risk factors were the limited access to health, dirt roads, children and dogs circulating in crops, field cultivation, furrow irrigation and lettuce cultivation. The high prevalence of intestinal parasites in the vegetable crops was mainly associated with the conditions of structural precariousness in the production units. These results elaborated with the participation of the population, provide valuable knowledge for the planning of epidemiological programs that include environmental health as a fundamental nexus in health campaigns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000442/pdfft?md5=d1fcde4d0da556eb5cf6435887986223&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000442-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135850504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis and risk mapping of Fasciola hepatica infection in dairy cattle at the Peruvian central highlands","authors":"Daniel Alexis Zárate-Rendón ,&nbsp;David Godoy Padilla ,&nbsp;Samuel Pizarro Carcausto ,&nbsp;Alberto del Águila ,&nbsp;Eric Wetzel ,&nbsp;Javier Ñaupari Vásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop maps for <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> infection occurrence in dairy cattle in the districts of Matahuasi and Baños in the Peruvian central highlands. For this, a model based on the correlation between environmental variables and the prevalence of infection was constructed. Flukefinder® coprological test were performed in samples from dairy cattle from 8 herds, during both the rainy and wet season. Grazing plots were geo-referenced to obtain information on environmental variables. Monthly temperature, monthly rainfall, elevation, slope, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), distance to rivers, urban areas and roads were obtained by using remote sensor images and ArcGIS®. Multilayer perceptron Artificial Neural Networks modeling were applied to construct a predictive model for the occurrence of fasciolosis, based on the relationship between environmental variables and level of infection. Kappa coefficient (k &gt; 0.6) was used to evaluate concordance between observed and forecasted risk by the model. Coprological results demonstrated an average prevalence from 20% to 100%, in Matahuasi, and between 0 and 87.5%, in Baños. A model with a high level of concordance between predicted and observed infection risk (k = 0.77) was obtained, having as major predicting variables: slope, NDWI, NDVI and EVI. Fasciolosis risk was categorized as low (<em>p</em> &lt; 20%), medium (20% &lt; <em>p</em> &lt; 50%) and high (<em>p</em> ≥ 50%) level. Using ArcGIS 10.4.1, risk maps were developed for each risk level of fasciolosis. Maps of fasciolosis occurrence showed that 87.2% of Matahuasi area presented a high risk for bovine fasciolosis during the dry season, and 76.6% in the wet season. In contrast, 21.9% of Baños area had a high risk of infection during the dry season and 12.1% during the wet season. In conclusion, our model showed areas with high risk for fasciolosis occurrence in both districts during both dry and rainy periods. Slope, NDWI, NDVI and EVI were the major predictors for fasciolosis occurrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673123000466/pdfft?md5=fc30c4572513cbda786025f8e0d8f41a&pid=1-s2.0-S2405673123000466-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138480262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molluscicidal activity of sodium hypochlorite against Biomphlaria alexandrina snails: Immunological and hepato-endocrine alterations with in silico docking study","authors":"Amina M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. Hamed ,&nbsp;Manal F. EL-Khadragy ,&nbsp;Mostafa Y. Morad","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease that widely neglected. <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> reproduce asexually within the freshwater snail, <em>Biomphlaria alexandrina.</em> Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a widely used disinfectant, so its effect against gainst <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails was evaluated. The present results showed that NaOCl has a molluscicidal activity against adult <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails at LC₅₀ 1.25 ppm. Hemocytes displayed varied morphological forms after being exposed to the LC10 and LC25 concentrations of NaOCl in <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails, and the phagocytic index of <em>B. alexandrina</em> snail's hemocytes significantly increased. The phagocytic potency of exposed hemocytes to charcoal showed ruptured plasma membrane, engulfed particles, vacuolation in the cytoplasm and degeneration of nuclei. When <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails were treated with sublethal concentrations of NaOCl, transaminases (AST &amp; ALT), alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were significantly increased. In contrast, the total protein, albumin concentrations, Testosterone (T) and 17β Estradiol (E) showed a significant decrease (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) as compared to the control groups. The molecular docking interaction showed high efficiency for the ligand, NaOCl against the receptor binding sites of the acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, estrogen and testosterone. The present results showed that NaOCl could be used as an effective molluscicide against <em>B. alexandrina</em> snails but more attention should be paid to investigate the side effects on the non-target organisms living in the freshwater environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240567312300048X/pdfft?md5=59d205bff7b2185b424659b1bb94af2d&pid=1-s2.0-S240567312300048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}