Parasite Epidemiology and Control最新文献

{"title":"Relationships of deworming drug consumption and animal protein intake with stunting","authors":"Dessy Hermawan ,&nbsp;Devi Kurniasari ,&nbsp;Vira Sandayanti ,&nbsp;Nurhalina Sari ,&nbsp;Erna Listyaningsih","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By the end of 2022, the nationwide incidence of stunting remained high, including in Lampung Province, where it was 15.8%, above the target of 14% to be achieved by 2024. Since 2019, stunting has become a national priority due to suspected factors such as low nutrition intake, especially from animal protein sources, high rates of worm infections, and low compliance of under-fives in consuming deworming drugs. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between deworming consumption, adequacy of animal protein intake, and stunting incidence in children aged 12–59 months in Bandar Lampung in 2022.</p><p>This research used an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach to analyze the relationship between deworming consumption, adequacy of animal protein intake, and stunting in under-fives at two priority stunting handling neighbourhoods in Bandar Lampung, namely Way Gubak and Karang Maritim. The sample consisted of 262 under fives and their mothers who visited the integrated health post in the selected neighbourhoods from November to December 2022, and the data obtained were analyzed using logistic regression.</p><p>The results revealed a relationship between the consumption of an deworming and varying animal protein consumption with stunting incidence. This indicated a need to promote the importance of consuming deworming and adequate consumption of animal protein with variation to prevent stunting in children in Bandar Lampung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10568272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal nematodiasis of goats in Somali pastoral areas, Ethiopia","authors":"Hassan Abdi Hussein,&nbsp;Shaban Mohamed Abdi,&nbsp;Abdullahi Adan Ahad,&nbsp;Abdifetah Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Livestock, mainly goats, are crucial for animal protein, household income, economic security, and wealth creation in the pastoral areas of eastern Ethiopia. However, gastrointestinal parasitosis poses a substantial challenge in this sector. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gursum district of the Somali region, Ethiopia, to investigate the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and their associated risk factors. A total of 384 goat fecal samples were collected and examined using flotation and McMaster egg counting techniques for GIT nematodes. Coprological cultures have also been conducted for nematode identification. Fecal samples showed an overall parasite prevalence of 54.17%, with identified nematodes including <em>Haemonchus</em> (24%), <em>Strongyloides</em> (10.4%), <em>Trichostrongles</em> (6.5%), <em>Nematodirus</em> (6%), <em>Oesophagostomum</em> (5.5%) <em>and Trichuris</em> (1.87%). Older and poor body condition animals had higher chances of hosting nematodes than younger (OR = 0.245; CI = 0.144–0.417) and good body condition animals (OR = 0.069; CI = 0.030–0.157), according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Quantitative examination of eggs revealed light 75(36.06%), moderate 99(47.60%), and heavy infection (<em>n</em> = 34, 16.35%). Analysis of the different study variables indicated that the age and body condition of the animals and the season of the year had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of GIT nematode infections (<em>P</em>-value &lt;0.05). The high prevalence and intensity of GIT nematodiasis in goats from the study area warrants immediate attention and the implementation of strategic control and prevention measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/d3/main.PMC10493581.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, factors influencing prevalence and level of varroosis infestation (Varroa destructor) in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies in different agroecologies of Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Tulu Robi ,&nbsp;Shiferaw Temteme ,&nbsp;Melkam Aleme ,&nbsp;Ararsa Bogale ,&nbsp;Awraris Getachew ,&nbsp;Esayas Mendesil","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Little information is available on the epidemiology of varroosis caused by Varroa mite, <em>Varroa destructor</em> infestation in Ethiopia, although it is a devastating honeybee disease that results in significant economic losses in beekeeping. Therefore, between October 2021 and October 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out in different agroecology zones in Southwest Ethiopia to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for varroosis, as well as the effects of this disease on honeybee colonies and honey production. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for the prevalence of <em>V. destructor</em>. A total of 384 adult honeybee and worker or drone brood samples were collected from honeybee colonies and examined using standard diagnostic techniques in the laboratory. The result shows that the prevalence of <em>V. destructor</em> was found to be 39.3% (95% CI 34.44–44.21) and 43.2% (38.27–48.18) in adult honeybees and brood, respectively. The major risk factors for the prevalence of <em>V. destructor</em> in the study areas included agroecology (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 1.75–14.85), type of hive (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.17–17.03), management system (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.23–14.70), and colony management (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.31–9.14). The lower level of colony infestation in adult bees and brood was measured as 1.97 ± 0.14 and 3.19 ± 0.25, respectively. Season, colony status, colony management, and agroecology were among the determinant factors of the level of varroa mite infestation in adult bees and brood. The results of the study demonstrated that honey production losses are largely attributable to <em>V. destructor</em> infestation. Therefore, it is critical to inform the community about the effects of <em>V. destructor</em> on honey production and develop and implement effective management strategies for this disease. In addition, further research should be done to identify and isolate additional factors that contribute to varroosis in honeybees in different regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with ongoing transmission of Schistosoma haematobium after 12 rounds of Praziquantel Mass Drug Administration among school age children in Southern Tanzania","authors":"Ditrick Malibiche ,&nbsp;Vivian Mushi ,&nbsp;Nyanda C. Justine ,&nbsp;Valeria Silvestri ,&nbsp;Lwidiko E. Mhamilawa ,&nbsp;Donath Tarimo","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic praziquantel Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to vulnerable populations, especially school-aged children, to reduce the risk of transmission. In the <em>S. haematobium</em> endemic Lindi region, on the southeastern coast of Tanzania, praziquantel has been distributed for more than a decade (12 rounds) in schools. However, there is a paucity of data on the current burden and factors perpetuating ongoing urogenital schistosomiasis among SAC. The study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with the ongoing transmission of <em>S. haematobium</em> among school-age children (SAC) after 12 rounds of praziquantel in Nachingwea, Southern Tanzania.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2022 among 483 SAC in the Nachingwea district. Macrohematuria, microhaematuria, and <em>S. haematobium</em> eggs were assessed in the collected urine sample for each participant, using macroscopic observation, urine dipstick, and urine filtration techniques, respectively. Infection intensity was quantified for positive <em>S. haematobium</em> urine samples. Knowledge and attitudes towards schistosomiasis were assessed among participants through an interview-administered questionnaire, and water contact practices were registered through an observation checklist. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of <em>S. haematobium</em> infection was 10.6%, with 0.6% (3/51) prevalence of heavy infection. The factors associated with <em>S. haematobium</em> persistence transmission were a habit of visiting the water bodies (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.40–1.96), swimming in the visited water bodies (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.72–12.19), using water from the river source (AOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.51–9.51) and attending Mkumba Primary School (17.4%; AOR = 6.12, 95% CI: 1.64–22.85).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest ongoing transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in the Nachingwea District despite 12 rounds of praziquantel treatment, with a low prevalence of heavy infection (0.6%). Praziquantel distribution should be complemented with health education, especially on the cause and transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis to increase knowledge that will improve a good attitude towards schistosomiasis prevention. An adequate water supply is to be considered to reduce infections due to the visit to water sources for daily use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of tick-borne encephalitis in Mongolia between 2016 and 2022","authors":"Dashdavaa Ganbold ,&nbsp;Bayarsaikhan Uudus ,&nbsp;Naranbat Nyamdavaa ,&nbsp;Yeruult Chultemsuren ,&nbsp;Amarbayasgalan Zagd ,&nbsp;Mungunzaya Tangad ,&nbsp;Burmaa Badrakh ,&nbsp;Bolorchimeg Baldandorj ,&nbsp;Ochgerel Dogsom ,&nbsp;Rolomjav Lkunrev ,&nbsp;Uyanga Baasandagva ,&nbsp;Tsogbadrakh Nyamdorj ,&nbsp;Narankhajid Myadagsuren","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent that causes severe encephalitis in humans and is transmitted through the bites of infected ticks. <em>Ixodes</em> ticks are the primary vector for TBEV in Mongolia, and approximately 3.4% carry the TBEV. The ticks are capable of not only transmitting these viruses but also serve as excellent reservoir hosts. The <em>Dermacenter</em> tick species may have similar properties. TBEV is a significant cause of virus-related diseases of the central nervous system in many European countries as well as in China, Russia, and Mongolia. Our objectives were to investigate TBEV seroprevalence and infection risk factors in different biogeographical zones and provinces, especially in the highly endemic areas of Mongolia. Serum samples were collected from individuals who experienced tick bites (<em>n</em> = 993) in Mongolia between 2016 and 2022. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the samples was performed to evaluate for TBEV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG. We analyzed the risk factors and seroprevalence of TBEV infection among these individuals using a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Statistical analyses were performed using a multistage cluster sampling survey design, and all data were analyzed using the R software. TBEV IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 8.1% (80/993) and 20.2% (201/993) of all serum samples, respectively. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in men (68%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–3.13, odds ratio [OR]: 2.25) than in women (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the seroprevalence was significantly higher among unemployed (35.0%, 95% CI: 0.31–0.84, OR: 0.51) than employed individuals (p &lt; 0.001). The seroprevalence was the highest among the 25–29 and 35–39-year age groups (11%, 95% CI: 1.29–5.51, OR: 2.65 and 11%, 95% CI: 0.94–3.87, OR: 1.9, respectively), and the lowest in the 65–69-year age group (4%, 95% CI: 0.46–6.15, OR: 1.83) (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the seroprevalence was the highest in Selenge province and the capital city Ulaanbaatar (40%, 95% CI: 1.73–21.7, OR: 5.07 and 28%, 95% CI: 0.51–6.89, OR: 1.57, respectively) and the lowest in Bayan-Ulgii and Dornod provinces (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.06–12.4, OR: 1.33 and 0.5%, 95% CI: 0.03–6.24, OR: 0.72, respectively). TBEV infection incidence remained low in most regions of Mongolia but increased in endemic areas. Furthermore, in the univariate subgroup analysis, age, occupation status, and residential area were significantly associated with TBEV seroprevalence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10430574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10046510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organochlorine knockdown-resistance (kdr) association in housefly (Musca domestica): A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi ,&nbsp;Zahra Yazdani ,&nbsp;Salman Daliri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Although house flies (<em>Musca domestica</em>) do not directly cause disease in humans, they transmit pathogens to them, which provide the basis for many diseases. The main way to deal with this insect is to use insecticides. Due to the resistance from insecticides, the fight against house flies has been hampered. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticides in house flies worldwide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was conducted via a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticides in house flies. Accordingly, by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Bioone, and Embase, all published articles were extracted, and reviewed until the end of May 2022. Statistical data analysis was performed using the random-effects model in the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and I² index.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine studies entered the meta-analysis process. Based on this, the prevalence of knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticide in house flies was estimated to be 49.1%. Meta-regression showed that the prevalence of knockdown resistance increased with increasing years of study but decreased with increasing sample size.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>According to the findings, about 50% of house flies have knockdown resistance against organochlorine insecticide. As a result, it is necessary to adopt effective and combined methods to combat this insect to control it and prevent the transmission of diseases caused by it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49856677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of human cystic echinococcosis based on hospital records in Mazandaran Province: A first registry-based evidence","authors":"Rabeeh Tabaripour ,&nbsp;Ali Sharifpour ,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar ,&nbsp;Samira Asadi ,&nbsp;Samira Esmaeili Reykandeh ,&nbsp;Mahbobeh Montazeri ,&nbsp;Masoud Keighobadi","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Human cystic echinococcosis, as an emerging neglected parasitic disease, is caused by tapeworms of the genus <em>Echinococcus</em> spp. Because of the medical and economic importance, this study aims to review the epidemiology and clinical features of hydatidosis in patients admitted to medical and surgical wards in three referral teaching hospitals over 15 years in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were collected from hospital records that were accessible via the hospital information system (HIS) between 2005 and 2019 (15 years).The demographic information (age, sex, living area, and occupation), dog contact, number of the cysts, types of organs involved, and history of disease recurrence were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred twenty-one patients with human cystic echinococcosis (CE) were involved in the study, from whom 58 patients (47.93%) were male and 63 (52.07%) were female. The majority of patients were rural residents (64.46%) and also housewife (28.10%). Based on the results, only about 16.53% of the patients had history of close contacts with dogs. The liver was the organ involved in the most cases of CE. There were statistically significant differences between residence, occupation, history of close contacts with dogs, type of organs involved, number of cysts and history of disease recurrence (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data provides valuable registry-based information about CE in an endemic region. The data highlights that most patients lived in rural areas and were housewives. Additionally, they had a low rate of disease recurrence but a high rate of close contact with dogs. Moreover, further monitoring on registry-based program and strengthening the HIS in the provincial hospitals in the studied area are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10344820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9828952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the age-prevalence relationship in schistosomiasis: A secondary data analysis of school-aged-children in Mangochi District, Lake Malawi","authors":"Amber L. Reed ,&nbsp;Angus M. O'Ferrall ,&nbsp;Sekeleghe A. Kayuni ,&nbsp;Hamish Baxter ,&nbsp;Michelle C. Stanton ,&nbsp;J. Russell Stothard ,&nbsp;Christopher Jewell","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schistosomiasis is an aquatic snail borne parasitic disease, with intestinal schistosomiasis (IS) and urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) caused by <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> and <em>S. haematobium</em> infections, respectively. School-aged-children (SAC) are a known vulnerable group and can also suffer from co-infections. Along the shoreline of Lake Malawi a newly emerging outbreak of IS is occurring with increasing UGS co-infection rates. Age-prevalence (co)infection profiles are not fully understood. To shed light on these (co)infection trends by <em>Schistosoma</em> species and by age of child, we conducted a secondary data analysis of primary epidemiological data collected from SAC in Mangochi District, Lake Malawi, as published previously. Available diagnostic data by child, were converted into binary response infection profiles for 520 children, aged 6–15, across 12 sampled schools. Generalised additive models were then fitted to mono- and dual-infections. These were used to identify consistent population trends, finding the prevalence of IS significantly increased [<em>p</em> = 8.45e-4] up to 11 years of age then decreasing thereafter. A similar age-prevalence association was observed for co-infection [<em>p</em> = 7.81e-3]. By contrast, no clear age-infection pattern for UGS was found [<em>p</em> = 0.114]. Peak prevalence of <em>Schistosoma</em> infection typically occurs around adolescence; however, in this newly established IS outbreak with rising prevalence of UGS co-infections, the peak appears to occur earlier, around the age of 11 years. As the outbreak of IS fulminates, further temporal analysis of the age-relationship with <em>Schistosoma</em> infection is justified. This should refer to age-prevalence models which could better reveal newly emerging transmission trends and <em>Schistosoma</em> species dynamics. Dynamical modelling of infections, alongside malacological niche mapping, should be considered to guide future primary data collection and intervention programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10205779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on distribution of Ixodid ticks of cattle in Bedele District, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Geremew Haile Lemu ,&nbsp;Samuel Milki Kibi ,&nbsp;Isayas Asefa Kebede ,&nbsp;Haben Fesseha Gebremeskel","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ticks cause substantial losses in cattle production, in terms of diseases, and reduced productivity, and are economically the most important ectoparasites of cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-section study was conducted from January 2022 to August 2022 in the Bedele district to identify genera and species of Ixodid ticks infesting cattle and determine the prevalence concerning host-related factors. Adult ixodid ticks were collected from 384 randomly selected cattle by using forceps and preserved in separate collecting bottles with 70% ethyl alcohol. The collected ticks were identified under stereomicroscope into species based on their morphology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 384 cattle examined, 276 (71.9%) were found with being infested by one or more tick species. A total of 3192 ticks were collected and identified. Three genera; namely <em>Amblyomma</em>, <em>Boophilus</em> and <em>Rhipicephalus,</em> and four species <em>(Amb</em>. <em>cohaerence, Boophilus decoloratus, Amb</em>. <em>variegatem,</em> and <em>Rhip. evertsi evertsi)</em> were identified with a prevalence rate of 44.8%, 26.8%, 14.1%, and 14% respectively. The respective prevalence for assessed risk factors was: 71.32%, 68.75%, 74.72%, 72.72%, 82.02%, 68.81%, 72.97%, 69.19%, 75.25%, 72.25%, 71.34%, 72.93%, 67.65%, 75.00% Bedele Town, Haro, Ilike Kararo, Obolo Bachara, Cross Breed, Local Breed, Young, Adult, Old, Male, Female, Poor, Medium, and Good, respectively. Only the association between the breed of cattle is statistically significant in terms of the prevalence of ticks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and others risk factors (Kebele, age, sex, and body condition) were statistically insignificant (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Tick species were highly distributed on the udder part with a prevalence of (26.3%) and least in the vulva body region of the cattle (2.3%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study indicated there is a high prevalence of ixodid tick infestation, especially in local cattle breeds, adults, males, poor body condition, and Bedele town. In line with this, further studies on factors affecting tick burden and tick control strategies are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/c8/main.PMC10245335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9608615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum infection and naturally acquired immunity to malaria antigens among Ghanaian children in northern Ghana","authors":"Zakaria Seidu ,&nbsp;Helena Lamptey ,&nbsp;Mary Lopez-Perez ,&nbsp;Nora Owusuwaa Whittle ,&nbsp;Stephen Kwesi Oppong ,&nbsp;Eric Kyei-Baafour ,&nbsp;Abigail Naa Adjorkor Pobee ,&nbsp;George Obeng Adjei ,&nbsp;Lars Hviid ,&nbsp;Michael F. Ofori","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The surge in malaria cases and deaths in recent years, particularly in Africa, despite the widespread implementation of malaria-control measures could be due to inefficiencies in malaria control and prevention measures in malaria-endemic communities. In this context, this study provides the malaria situation report among children in three Municipalities in Northern Ghana, where Seasonal Malaria Chemotherapy (SMC) is implemented by Ghana Health Service (GHS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional household survey was carried out to assess the malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and malaria prevalence in 394 households in 13 rural communities in the Kumbugu, Nanton and Tolon Municipalities, Northern Region, Ghana. This was followed by screening for <em>P. falciparum</em> infection with anti-HRP2 RDT and PCR among children 1–17 years in the households. Plasma levels of IgG specific for crude <em>P. falciparum</em> antigen (3D7) and four recombinant malaria antigens (CSP, GLURP, MSP3, and Pfs230) were assessed by ELISA. The malaria and parasitaemia data were converted into frequency and subgroup proportions and disaggregated by study sites and demographic information of the participants. The ELISA data was converted to arbitrary units (AU) and similarly compared across study sites and demographic information.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The <em>P. falciparum</em> infection rate and frequency of malaria were high in the study areas with significant age-dependent and inter-community differences, which were reflected by differences in plasma levels of <em>P. falciparum</em>-specific IgG. Over 60% of households reported the use of bed nets and indoor insecticide sprays/coils, and 14% mentioned bush clearing around homes (14%) as malaria preventive measures. Community health centres were the preferred place for households (88%) to seek malaria treatment but over-the-counter drug stores were the major source (66%) of their antimalarials. Overall, malaria preventive and treatment practices were sub-optimal.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>P. falciparum</em> infection and malaria are still high in the studied communities, indicating that preventive and control measures against the disease in the region remain inadequate. Efforts to ensure high SMC compliance and to improve preventative and treatment practices thus seem cost-beneficial “low-hanging fruits” in the fight against malaria in the Northern Region of Ghana.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e00317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49856679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}