An update on Leishmania martiniquensis infections: Transmission, clinical characteristics, and treatment

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00386

Somayyeh Ahmadi , Maryam Hataminejad , Bahman Rahimi Esboei , Seyed Abdollah Hosseini , Mahdi Fakhar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Leishmaniasis, caused by intracellular protozoa of the Leishmania genus, continues to be a global health issue, with approximately 700,000 to 1 million new cases occur annually worldwide. The disease is transmitted via the bite of infected female sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus, resulting in a range of symptoms known as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. The species Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, discovered in 1995, has been linked to cases in individuals with HIV, presenting with diverse clinical pictures. Interestingly, biting midges, not sandflies, has proved to serve as its potentially biological vector. This study focuses on understanding the transmission, clinical aspects, and effective treatment of L. martiniquensis infections.

A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant published papers on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical characteristics, and treatment of L. martiniquensis up to August 2024. The clinical manifestations encompass localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is associated with comorbidities such as inadequate nutrition, population displacement, and reduced immunity. Risk factors for Leishmania infection include the presence of domestic animals, age, gender, and environmental factors. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) is the main treatment. Combination therapy with allicin and andrographolide may reduce AmB side effects. Recent research investigates other treatments including 8-hydroxyquinoline, which works synergistically with AmB against L. martiniquensis.

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马氏利什曼原虫感染的最新情况：传播、临床特征和治疗

利什曼病是由利什曼属细胞内原生动物引起的，它仍然是一个全球性的健康问题，全世界每年约有 70 万至 100 万个新病例。这种疾病是通过被感染的雌性沙蝇（沙蝇属 Phlebotomus）叮咬传播的，导致一系列症状，即皮肤、粘膜和内脏利什曼病。1995 年发现的利什曼原虫（Mundinia）martiniquensis 与艾滋病毒感染者的病例有关，其临床表现多种多样。有趣的是，事实证明叮咬蠓而不是沙蝇是其潜在的生物媒介。本研究的重点是了解马氏疟原虫感染的传播途径、临床表现和有效治疗方法。本研究采用了一种全面的检索策略，以确定截至 2024 年 8 月发表的有关马氏疟原虫流行病学、传播途径、临床特征和治疗方法的相关论文。临床表现包括局部皮肤利什曼病、播散性皮肤利什曼病、粘膜利什曼病和内脏利什曼病。利什曼病与营养不良、人口迁移和免疫力下降等并发症有关。利什曼病感染的风险因素包括家畜、年龄、性别和环境因素。脱氧胆酸两性霉素 B（AmB）是主要的治疗方法。大蒜素和穿心莲内酯的联合疗法可减少 AmB 的副作用。最近的研究对其他治疗方法进行了调查，包括 8-羟基喹啉，它与 AmB 一起对马氏囊虫产生协同作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.