Epidemiology, risk factors and vector density of trypanosomosis in cattle in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00388

Melkie Dagnaw Fenta , Atsede Solomon Mebratu , Kalkidan Getnet , Moges Maru , Bemrew Admassu Mengistu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Bovine trypanosomosis remains a major barrier to livestock productivity, agricultural progress, and socioeconomic development in Ethiopia's large tsetse belt regions, threatening 70 million cattle. Therefore, this review examined published literature from the last ten years to estimate the pooled prevalence, risk factors, and vector density of bovine trypanosomosis. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using PubMed, Web of Science, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar. Pooled prevalence and risk factors were calculated with a random effects model in R software, with a 95 % confidence interval. This meta-analysis included research published after 2015 on trypanosomosis in Ethiopian cattle, where Trypanosoma was classified at least to the genus level. Studies on other species, lacking specific prevalence data and published before 2015 were excluded.

Results

A total of 26 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of bovine Trypanosomosis cases was 9 % (95 % CI: 8–9 %). Considerable heterogeneity was observed across the included studies (I² = 94 %; P < 0.01). The highest pooled prevalence of trypanosomosis was reported in Amhara and Oromia (8 %), followed by Benishangul Gumuz (BSGR) (7 %). Based on the subspecies analysis, the highest pooled proportion was 65 % (95 % CI: 58 %–71 %) for T. congolense (I² = 81 %: p = 0.01), followed by 32 % for T. vivax (I² = 60 %: P = 0.61) and 19 % for T. brucei (95 % CI: 7 %–41 %). Among the risk factors, poor body condition, black coat color, and packed cell volume (PCV) were found to be significant for the development of this disease. Black-coated animals were 2.36 and 3.48 times more susceptible to trypanosomosis than red- and white-coated animals, respectively. According to the pooled odds ratio, animals in poor body condition were 2.82 times more likely to have bovine trypanosomosis. Animals infected with Trypanosoma were 18 times more likely to have a lower packed cell volume (PCV) compared to non-infected animals. The study found that Tsetse flies were responsible for 72.32 % of bovine trypanosomosis cases, with Glossina pallidipes and Glossina tachinoides being the most common species. The remaining 27.68 % were due to other biting insects. The study highlights the need for science-based risk mitigation strategies to control Trypanosoma infections, emphasizing the crucial role of Tsetse flies, particularly G. pallidipes and G. tachinoides, in transmission.

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埃塞俄比亚牛锥虫病的流行病学、风险因素和病媒密度：系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景牛锥虫病仍然是埃塞俄比亚大型采采蝇带地区畜牧业生产力、农业进步和社会经济发展的主要障碍，威胁着 7000 万头牛。因此，本综述研究了过去十年发表的文献，以估算牛锥虫病的总体流行率、风险因素和病媒密度。本系统综述遵循《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses，PRISMA）指南，使用了 PubMed、Web of Science、HINARI、Google 和 Google Scholar。使用 R 软件中的随机效应模型计算了汇总的患病率和风险因素，并得出了 95% 的置信区间。本荟萃分析包括 2015 年之后发表的有关埃塞俄比亚牛锥虫病的研究，其中锥虫至少被归类为属一级。结果本次荟萃分析共纳入 26 篇文章。牛锥虫病病例的总体汇总比例为 9%（95% CI：8-9%）。在纳入的研究中发现了相当大的异质性（I2 = 94 %; P < 0.01）。阿姆哈拉和奥罗米亚的锥虫病发病率最高（8%），其次是贝尼尚古尔-古穆兹（BSGR）（7%）。根据亚种分析，最高的集合比例为 65 %（95 % CI：58 %-71 %），为 T. congolense（I2 = 81 %：P = 0.01），其次为 32 %，为 T. vivax（I2 = 60 %：P = 0.61），为 19 %，为 T. brucei（95 % CI：7 %-41 %）。在风险因素中，体况差、黑被毛颜色和充盈细胞体积（PCV）对该疾病的发生有显著影响。黑毛动物对锥虫病的易感性分别是红毛和白毛动物的 2.36 倍和 3.48 倍。根据汇总的几率比，体况较差的动物感染牛锥虫病的几率要高出 2.82 倍。与未感染的动物相比，感染锥虫的动物包装细胞容积（PCV）降低的可能性要高出18倍。研究发现，72.32%的牛锥虫病病例是采采蝇造成的，其中最常见的是Glossina pallidipes和Glossina tachinoides。其余 27.68% 的病例由其他叮咬性昆虫引起。这项研究突出表明，有必要采取以科学为基础的风险缓解战略来控制锥虫感染，同时强调采采蝇，尤其是苍蝇和褐飞虱在传播中的关键作用。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.