Studies About Languages最新文献_第3页

Latvian environmental term purvs: Problems and solutions in Latvian-English-Latvian translations of helonyms 拉脱维亚环境术语purvs：拉脱维亚英语中的问题和解决方案helonyms的拉脱维亚翻译

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33113

Linda Ozola-Ozoliņa, Silga Sviķe

{"title":"Latvian environmental term purvs: Problems and solutions in Latvian-English-Latvian translations of helonyms","authors":"Linda Ozola-Ozoliņa, Silga Sviķe","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33113","url":null,"abstract":"When translating helonyms from Latvian to English, translators encounter several terms with synonymic meanings that can be used as equivalents of the Latvian term purvs, although they specify the type of wetland more accurately: for example, bog, fen, marsh, mire, and swamp. As natural environments may vary significantly among different geographical locations, a wetland habitat found in one region may not exist in another. Currently, there is no comprehensive classification system that encompasses all types of wetlands around the world; and therefore, the equivalence of wetland names in the environmental terminology among various languages is often unclear. The present paper investigates whether the English translations of Latvian helonyms and the Latvian translations of the United States (US) helonyms are accurate and consistent regarding the available wetland terminology in each language. A total of 21 helonyms are analysed in the study but 4 are presented in the paper: Raganu purvs, Platenes purvs, Manchac Swamp and Suisun Marsh.\u0000The method of data collection used in the paper is term excerption, and the methods used for data analysis are contrastive and qualitative. The sources for excerpted terms referring to Latvian and the US helonyms are online tourism websites in both Latvian and English. The precision of the translation of helonyms and the type of wetland habitat were verified using the websites of the Nature Conservation Agencies of both countries and other texts related to the environment. The results suggest that when translating helonyms from Latvian to English, it is necessary to know the specific type of wetland habitat to be able to choose the appropriate English language term. In translations of helonyms from English into Latvian, the most frequently used word is the superordinate term purvs.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48522589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bearbeitung der Termini in bilingualen Spezial- und allgemeinen Übersetzungswörterbüchern 用于双语言学专业和一般翻译的词典翻译

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33101

Marie Vachková

引用次数: 0

Experience of design and development of a new open access interactive multifunctional database management system for special lexis of biology 一种新的开放存取交互式多功能生物学专业词汇数据库管理系统的设计与开发经验

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33107

A. Stalažs, K. Šķirmante, Silga Sviķe, G. Jasmonts, Roberts Ervīns Ziediņš

{"title":"Experience of design and development of a new open access interactive multifunctional database management system for special lexis of biology","authors":"A. Stalažs, K. Šķirmante, Silga Sviķe, G. Jasmonts, Roberts Ervīns Ziediņš","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33107","url":null,"abstract":"Terminology work requires a lot of data processing in the practical research of comparative linguistics, especially when studying linguistic and terminological changes over time. The lack of appropriate wide-usage electronic tools and databases can slow down such research. Thus, an efficient information management solution is necessary to improve the efficiency of terminology and comparative linguistic research.\u0000Since 2021, a team of terminologists, translators, researchers, and information system developers worked together for two years, during which the open access interactive multifunctional database management system (IMDS) was designed and developed for data storage and a wide range of statistical and search options, especially for language research purposes and comparative multilingual studies in linguistics and terminology.\u0000The information system consists of multiple modules (input, statistics, export, etc.). The data input module was successfully designed and developed and has been used effectively by researchers for entering and collecting special lexis units.\u0000The article mainly describes the statistical data that can be obtained from the IMDS, as well as problems encountered during the development of the system. The IMDS data collection has been updated with 50,846 entries of scientific (Latin) organism names, 60,585 entries of local names of different organisms (mainly in Latvian, but also in other languages), 1427 entries of names of organism-caused diseases, 2942 entries of dictionary words and 313 entries of terms with definitions collected based on excerpts from different publications containing common names linked with their scientific names.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stance-taking as an identity construction in advertising targeted at mothers. A comparative analysis 定位:母亲广告中的身份建构比较分析

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33341

J. Pelclová

{"title":"Stance-taking as an identity construction in advertising targeted at mothers. A comparative analysis","authors":"J. Pelclová","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.42.33341","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comparative analysis of two audiovisual commercials targeted at mothers. While the Huggies commercial employs the mother identity established in the 20th-century media discourse, the Frida Mom commercial challenges this normative by constructing a more complex identity. The major argument is that stance-taking as a discursive practice enables the persuader to build the intended identity and thus to influence the persuadee’s decision. The paper studies both verbal and non-verbal stance-taking markers employed by the secondary participants, voice-over and superimposed texts. It concludes that the modalities are complementary in the sense that the verbal certainty provided in a faceless style is completed by the visual positive affect and vice versa in case of the Huggies commercial, but in the Frida Mom commercial both verbal and visual modalities communicate either doubt and negative affect simultaneously, or the positive affect. Concerning the stance object, while the Huggies commercial focuses on evaluating the product being advertised and the positive aspect the product brings to the mothering practice, the Frida Mom commercial evaluates the mothering practice in a much broader sense, ranging from the negative affect towards the mental health issues related to breastfeeding up to the positive affect towards maternal love.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71237185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promotion in Academic Discourse: Authors’ Centrality Claims in Their Research Article Introductions 学术话语的提升:作者在研究论文导言中的中心性主张

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30693

Safnil Arsyad, Dian Eka Candra Wardhana

{"title":"Promotion in Academic Discourse: Authors’ Centrality Claims in Their Research Article Introductions","authors":"Safnil Arsyad, Dian Eka Candra Wardhana","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30693","url":null,"abstract":"Centrality claims in the introduction part of a research article are aimed at attracting readers’ attention towards the research topic to be discussed in the article. Readers will decide whether or not to continue reading the article if the appeal is effective and the claims of the importance and usefulness of the article are accepted. However, most studies investigate only the discourse patterns and linguistic features of article introductions without analyzing further how authors attract readers’ attention to the importance of their research topic. This study aimed at comparing the types of centrality claims found in the introductions of articles published in high-rank and low-rank international journals in Applied Linguistics. Forty articles chosen from four Scopus-indexed international journals in Applied Linguistics were used in this study. The results showed that on average every article used 3.65 appeals of different types. Two types of claims (appeal to salience and appeal to problematicity) are more frequently used by authors than the other two types of appeal (appeal to topicality and appeal to magnitude). The data also reveal that, although not significant, the journal ranking correlates with the frequency of appeals used in the introductions. It is suggested that authors in Applied Linguistics should use multiple types of appeals in their introduction to attract readers’ attention to their research topic so that they are willing to read the entire article.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verb-based Action and Process Nominalisation Patterns in English and Lithuanian EU Legal Documents 英语和立陶宛欧盟法律文件中基于动词的动作和过程名词化模式

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.32446

Milda Žarnauskaitė

{"title":"Verb-based Action and Process Nominalisation Patterns in English and Lithuanian EU Legal Documents","authors":"Milda Žarnauskaitė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.32446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.32446","url":null,"abstract":"Translators might face difficulties when working on legal texts due to their intricate features, such as nominalisation. The abstract nature of such structures could have a negative effect on text comprehension, as nominalisations are usually harder to process than verbs. In pursuit of making European Union (EU) documents more translator-friendly, the European Commission invites authors to communicate clearly, advising against the use of nominalisations. For this reason, a closer look at the current nominalisation patterns in English and Lithuanian EU legal documents is taken. The aim of the paper is to determine and compare the verb-based action and process nominalisations and their equivalent structures in English and Lithuanian EU legal documents, considering the impact of equivalent choices on the text. The focus is placed on verb-based action and process nominalisations derived by suffixation. Considering English and Lithuanian nominalisations, their equivalent structures are commonly expressed as nominalisations. The expression of nominalisations as nouns, as well as adjective-based nominalisations, is characteristic only to the Lithuanian language. The expression as an adverb, a prepositional structure or a pronoun is characteristic only to the English language. The analysis reveals that the verb-based action and process nominalisations might help follow the flow of information and emphasise key concepts. However, if the morphological properties were changed, repetition could be avoided, the dynamic properties of the text could be strengthened, or comprehension could be facilitated, which is essential for an effective translation process.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46173882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verbalization of the Notion of Time in Present-Day English 现代英语中时间概念的语言化

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30709

Mariia Mai, O. Borysov

{"title":"Verbalization of the Notion of Time in Present-Day English","authors":"Mariia Mai, O. Borysov","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30709","url":null,"abstract":"The universal notion of time, alongside the basic notion of space, is believed to determine the formation of a huge number of other notions of the human mind. The results of time interpretation are fixed first and foremost in the semantics of the lexical units of national languages. The novelty of this research is that the noun synonyms to the lexeme time in present-day English have been established and analyzed with their subsequent grouping in synonymic rows within the core of the nominative field of time. The structure of the polysemous lexeme time, which consists of nine lexico-semantic variants, was chosen as guidance for synonymic rows organization. On the ground of the established obligatory and optional ties between them, among which hyper-hyponymic relations turn out to be fundamental, the semantic network of the core of the nominative field of time has been revealed and visualized. The network is based on four central hypersemes that represent the main features of the notion of time verbalized by the noun units of present-day English. A clear tendency of synonyms to express time metaphorically and metonymically in terms of ‘quantity’ in close connection to the components ‘something that happens’ and ‘state’ has been established. ","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lietuvių kalbos vienaskaitinių daiktavardžių vartojimas daugiskaitos formomis: leksikalizacija ir terminizacija 在立陶宛语中，以多数字形式使用单个数字字母数字名称：词汇化和术语

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31484

J. Stepšys

{"title":"Lietuvių kalbos vienaskaitinių daiktavardžių vartojimas daugiskaitos formomis: leksikalizacija ir terminizacija","authors":"J. Stepšys","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31484","url":null,"abstract":"Šio straipsnio tikslas – nustatyti pasirinktų lietuvių kalbos vienaskaitinių abstrakčiųjų daiktavardžių gramatinės formos leksikalizaciją, kuri yra susijusi su žodžių skaičiaus gramatinės formos pasikeitimu. Daroma prielaida, kad dėl skaičiaus gramatinės formos pasikeitimo, keičiasi ir leksinė reikšmė. Išsamiau aprašyti leksikalizuotus daiktavardžius, metodus, kaip atpažinti leksikalizaciją, aktualu, kadangi leksika yra greičiausiai kintantis kalbos sluoksnis, taigi pokyčius būtina fiksuoti, o žodynus atnaujinti, redaguoti, juo labiau kad ši analizė remiasi vartosenos pavyzdžiais iš tekstynų.\u0000Netermininės leksikos pavyzdžiai atrinkti iš Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno (DLKT), Delfi.lt tekstyno (DT) ir internetinės Google paieškos. Nors tekstynų statistiniai duomenys parodė, kad tiriamų vienaskaitinių abstrakčiųjų daiktavardžių daugiskaitėjimo reiškinys nėra labai išplitęs, atlikus analizę matyti, kad daugiskaitėjančios leksemos įgauna naujų reikšmių (arba sememų). Vienos turi aukštą leksikalizacijos laipsnį, tokios leksemos galėtų būti pateikiamos atskirame daugiskaitinės lemos žodyniniame straipsnyje. Kitu atveju, kai daugiskaitos formų leksikalizacijos laipsnis yra žemas, jos nėra laikomos savarankiškais leksiniais vienetais.\u0000Termininės leksikos gramatinės formos leksikalizacija nustatyta remiantis Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne (DLKŽ) ir Lietuvos Respublikos terminų banke (TB) pateikiamomis reikšmėmis. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad kasdienės kalbos žodžių perėjimą į specialios kalbos leksiką lemia terminizacija, tačiau yra ir tokių atvejų, kai tarp kasdienės kalbos žodžio ir termino reikšmių nėra ryškaus semantinio nuotolio, o tai leidžia kalbėti apie terminizacijos nebuvimą.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translation von deutschen Realienbezeichnungen (am Beispiel audiovisueller Texte zum 30. Jahrestag des Mauerfalls) 描述德国现实作品的转调(或举个例子30年代职业电影的例子)。纪念柏林墙周年

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30724

L. Kovbasyuk

{"title":"Translation von deutschen Realienbezeichnungen (am Beispiel audiovisueller Texte zum 30. Jahrestag des Mauerfalls)","authors":"L. Kovbasyuk","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30724","url":null,"abstract":"Der vorliegende Beitrag bezieht sich auf eine Studie mit dem Ziel, das Translationsverfahren der deutschen Realienbezeichnungen und kulturgebundenen Inhalte am Beispiel der audiovisuellen Texte der Deutschen Welle und der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, die im DaF-Unterricht als Lehrmaterialien zum landeskundlichen Thema Deutsche Geschichte: 30 Jahre Mauerfall verwendet worden sind, zu analysieren. Die Realienbezeichnungen, die bestimmte Konzepte in der Zeit der Berliner Mauer im geteilten Deutschland verbalisierten, sind kennzeichnende Elemente des deutschen Sprachsystems mit spezifischen formalen und semantischen Eigenschaften. In diesem Beitrag wird darauf eingegangen, wie die konzeptuelle Ebene MAUERFALL durch diese kulturbedingten sprachlichen Einheiten im deutschen Weltbild repräsentiert wird. Es konnte festgestellt werden, welche strukturell-semantischen Merkmale diese Realienbezeichnungen haben und wie sie sich in Bezug auf Objekte, die nationale Zugehörigkeit, das temporale Merkmal, die Herkunft und die Struktur klassifizieren lassen. Die Translationsverfahren der analysierten Realienbezeichnungen werden ausführlich beschrieben. Aus der Untersuchung geht hervor, dass die häufigsten Translationsverfahren der ausgewählten Realienbezeichnungen sind: 1) Lexementlehnung + erklärende, kommentierende Übersetzung, 2) Lehnübersetzung + erklärende, kommentierende Übersetzung, 3) Dekodierung + Bildung neuer Akronyme + Hinzufügung und 4) Lehnübersetzung.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concept Human Age as Archetypal and Stereotypical Mental Structure in the Consciousness of Ukrainian, Russian, and English Native Speakers 概念人类年龄:乌克兰语、俄语和英语母语者意识中的原型和刻板心理结构

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31960

Yuliia Orlova, N. Lemish, S. Matvieieva, O. Aleksieieva, I. Vainorenie, Nataliia Safonova

{"title":"Concept Human Age as Archetypal and Stereotypical Mental Structure in the Consciousness of Ukrainian, Russian, and English Native Speakers","authors":"Yuliia Orlova, N. Lemish, S. Matvieieva, O. Aleksieieva, I. Vainorenie, Nataliia Safonova","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31960","url":null,"abstract":"The paper offers a new complex methodology for analyzing the linguocultural concept HUMAN AGE as a multidimensional archetypal and stereotypical mental structure of human consciousness. To recognize the systemic essence of the Ukrainian, Russian, and English native speakers’ world mapping and their cultural stereotypes, the concept HUMAN AGE is studied by considering its realization through lexical, phraseological, and paremiological units. The study assumes the analysis of such concept structure components as an etymological/historical layer that reflects the essential notional features of the concept, an additional layer, formed as a result of the concept in growth, and an active layer that is regarded relevant for the modern native speakers and represented by axio-notional, axio-figurative, and axio-evaluative stereotypes that help forward mentalizing the concept in the Ukrainian, Russian, and English native speakers’ consciousness. The archetypal basis of the concept is identified by considering the etymology of the concept names and nominations of age stages and persons by age in the three languages. The stages of stereotyping the axio-notional, axio-figurative, and axio-evaluative images of the human age that reveal the similarities (universal features) and differences (nationally specific features) in the mapping of archetypal and stereotypical images of the human age in the consciousness of Ukrainians, Russians, and the English are analyzed. Ultimately, the most complete set of archetypal and symbolic features (universal and nationally specific), sociocultural age stereotypes (neutral, positive, and negative), numerological, coloristic, phytomorphic, and zoomorphic metaphorical nominations of age stages and persons by age in Ukrainian, Russian, and English linguocultures is presented.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45537015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0