Studies About Languages最新文献_第10页

Double Negation in English and Ukrainian: a View from Cognitive Linguistics and a SLA Context 英语和乌克兰语的双重否定:认知语言学和二语习得语境的视角

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20886

Yakiv Bystrov, O. Petryna, Maiia Matton

{"title":"Double Negation in English and Ukrainian: a View from Cognitive Linguistics and a SLA Context","authors":"Yakiv Bystrov, O. Petryna, Maiia Matton","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20886","url":null,"abstract":"Irrespective of the fact that two negations in the same clause usually cancel each other out and result in an affirmative sentence, the phenomenon of double negation in English is still a disputable problem. These aspects all lead to linguistic complexity of double negation in SLA followed by a description of its relevant characteristics and contradictory aspects in English and Ukrainian. This study aims to establish a cognitive model of double negation as understatement via a mitigation operation as regards its specific contextual effects and to explore the impact of the language of instruction on the linguistic complexity of double negation to the learner of English. Within the theory of negation this research applies the hypothesis to the assumption that English is the main language of instruction for a Ukrainian learner, and how L2 learners’ comprehension and production of double negation occur. The hypothesis is empirically tested against the English sentences with their Ukrainian equivalents and the tasks in the questionnaire written by learners of English. The results of my research suggest that when learners interpret L2 sentences with more than one negative element we identify both similar and different double negatives in a students’ first and second language that influence enhanced awareness of double negation and which is important for successful L2 comprehension and use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.20886","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45341672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The root structure of Lithuanian inflective words 立陶宛屈折词的词根结构

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20179

Asta Kazlauskiene, Jurgita Cvilikaitė

{"title":"The root structure of Lithuanian inflective words","authors":"Asta Kazlauskiene, Jurgita Cvilikaitė","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20179","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to identify the structural patterns of root morphemes of Lithuanian inflective words and to establish their productivity and frequency. First, with reference to the earlier work conducted by Lithuanian linguists, we discuss the structural diversity of root morphemes and determine the productivity of structural patterns (the number of different roots of a specific pattern). Then we analyse data from real usage. For this stage, the database of the morphemics of the Lithuanian language (Lietuvių kalbos morfemikos duomenų bazė) was used. 265 thousand usage instances of inflective words constitute the research data. The analysis of the root structure allows drawing the following conclusions: 1) although the diversity of morpheme structure is rich, only roots of simple structure are productive and frequent (roots whose onsets or codas contain one to two consonants), 2) root morphemes are non-syllabic or vary from monosyllabic to trisyllabic (non-syllabic roots are the most productive and the most frequent), 3) consonant clusters are not frequent in the middle of a morpheme (they were identified in a third of all roots), 4) the number of consonants in a root usually does not exceed six, 5) onset consonant clusters concur with the pattern of a syllable beginning; consonant clusters in codas and medial clusters are more diverse.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.20179","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Learning ESL through AVT: a case study 通过AVT学习ESL:一个案例研究

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20019

Patrizia Giampieri

引用次数: 0

Discourse Markers in the Genre of Formal Letters Written by Intermediate Students of English as a Foreign Language 对外英语中级学生正式信函文体中的话语标记

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20672

Oleksandr (Alexander) Kapranov

{"title":"Discourse Markers in the Genre of Formal Letters Written by Intermediate Students of English as a Foreign Language","authors":"Oleksandr (Alexander) Kapranov","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20672","url":null,"abstract":"This article involves a quantitative computer-assisted study of the use of discourse markers in the genre of formal letters written by a group of students of English as a foreign language (EFL) at the intermediate level of EFL proficiency. The aim of the study was to examine how the group of EFL students uses English discourse markers in a written task involving the genre of formal letters. The study employed a quantitative computer-assisted methodology of computing the frequencies of discourse markers by software program WordSmith (Scott 2008). The results of the data analysis indicated that the group of EFL students at the intermediate level of EFL proficiency exhibited awareness of the genre conventions associated with the usage of discourse markers in the task. The EFL students’ genre awareness was manifested by the use of stylistically neutral discourse markers (e.g., also, but, however) concurrently with those discourse markers that are typically associated with a formal register of the English language (e.g., furthermore, hereby, therefore). These findings and their didactic implications to the teaching of EFL writing are further discussed in the article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.20672","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lexical Word-Class Distributions in Research Articles of Four Subject Areas 四个学科领域研究文章中的词类分布

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19945

D. Kwary, A. Artha, Y. Amalia

{"title":"Lexical Word-Class Distributions in Research Articles of Four Subject Areas","authors":"D. Kwary, A. Artha, Y. Amalia","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19945","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the lexical word-class distribution in research articles of four subject areas: social sciences, health sciences, physical sciences and life sciences. Total 5,754,560 tokens or running words were extracted from research articles published by Elsevier for examination. Results show both similarities and differences in distribution across the four subject areas. For health, physical and life sciences, the noun is the most dominant lexical word class, followed by the adjective, verb and adverb. For social sciences, the verb is more dominant than the adjective. This finding reflects that research articles in social sciences use the highest number of words and are more conversational in nature. For types of nouns, singular nouns are used more often than plural nouns in all subject areas; this usage might indicate that research articles tend to focus on a single research object. For types of verbs, research articles in health, life and physical sciences tend to prefer using past tense and past participle forms over others; this usage indicates emphasis on reporting what has been done. In contrast, social sciences research articles show more frequent use of the verbs’ base form, and this usage possibly signifies arguments regarding general truths. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.19945","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

"We are Proud to be a Leading Company with Global Reach and Worldwide Impact": Positively Evaluative Lexis in the Language of Recruitment Advertising “我们很自豪能成为一家拥有全球影响力的领先公司”:招聘广告中的积极评价词汇

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20081

Pavel Reich

{"title":"\"We are Proud to be a Leading Company with Global Reach and Worldwide Impact\": Positively Evaluative Lexis in the Language of Recruitment Advertising","authors":"Pavel Reich","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20081","url":null,"abstract":"Companies’ positive self-presentation has become an essential part of job advertising and helps employers attract potential applicants for the vacancies they are offering. This paper focuses on the various forms of positively evaluative lexis that appears in the company profiles cited on the employment website Monster.com. Evaluative or loaded words can be defined as words that evaluate reality either in a positive or a negative way, thus evoking in people a positive or a negative attitude towards a particular subject, in this case the potential employer. The analysis is both qualitative and quantitative and is based on the three-pronged approach, i.e. the combination of manual analysis of individual texts, small-scale corpus analysis and large-scale corpus analysis. It is based primarily on Appraisal Theory, focusing predominantly on the category of attitude expressed in the vocabulary used. However, the analysis has shown that the persuasive techniques of employers trying to attract applicants are rather complex and it has proved necessary to take into account notions from other theories, namely Orientational Metaphor and the concept of the so-called Purr Words, i.e. words whose conceptual meaning is backgrounded by its positive connotations. This concept has recently been developed mostly under the name of Schlagwort within the field of Politolinguistik in Germany, but, as the analysis has shown, can usefully be transferred from political discourse to corporate discourse, including the discourse of recruitment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.20081","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating Metadiscourse Markers in Book Reviews and Blurbs: A Study of Interested and Disinterested Genres 书评和短文中的元话语标记研究——感兴趣和不感兴趣的体裁研究

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19415

A. Jalilifar, S. Hayati, A. Don

{"title":"Investigating Metadiscourse Markers in Book Reviews and Blurbs: A Study of Interested and Disinterested Genres","authors":"A. Jalilifar, S. Hayati, A. Don","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.19415","url":null,"abstract":"Informed by the need to study metadiscourse, the present study aimed to compare book reviews ‎and blurbs as examples of disinterested and interested genres in four disciplines of applied linguistics, literature, history, and psychology‎. The study relied on two corpora: (a) 200 book reviews in each discipline between 2005 and 2015 (b) 4282 blurbs in the above disciplines within the same time span. To analyze the texts, Hyland’s (2005a) classification of metadiscourse markers was employed. The findings of the study showed that the frequency and type of metadiscourse ‎markers in blurbs and book reviews are genre dependent. Generally, ‎metadiscourse markers preponderated in the book reviews than in the blurbs (44.5 ‎vs. 32.8 per 1000 words), which can be ascribed to the functionally dissimilar communicative ‎purposes of the two genres. ‎The insights gained from this study can be of tremendous help to ‎deepen our understanding of these genres and to show how evaluation and other textual ‎features of writing are verbalized across disciplines and across genres. ‎ DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.19415","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44249005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Funny as it may be: Humour in the American sitcoms I Love Lucy and Modern Family 有趣的是:美国情景喜剧《我爱露西》和《摩登家庭》中的幽默

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-11-13 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20097

Julija Korostenskienė, Aurelija Lieponytė

{"title":"Funny as it may be: Humour in the American sitcoms I Love Lucy and Modern Family","authors":"Julija Korostenskienė, Aurelija Lieponytė","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.33.20097","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the manifestation of humour in two American TV situational comedy (sitcom) series: I Love Lucy (1951-1957) and Modern Family (2009-present). These sitcoms are known as landmarks, each characterising a certain time period in American cultural history: the most initial period (I Love Lucy) and the recent one (Modern Family). Hence the initial assumption is that the two series pursue different types of humour. Grounded in Raskin‘s (1985) Script-based Semantic Theory of Humour (SSTH), the analysis stems from the basic notion of the script, that is, a set of semantic meanings first constructed in a given excerpt of a text and then violated in a certain way, thereby producing a humorous effect. The outcome of the violation becomes manifest through the overlap of two partly or fully incompatible scripts. The present study hypothesises that, while following the general principle of script violation and overlap, the two sitcoms will tend to focus on the construction and realisation of different scripts. The latter factor has significant implications in light of the notion of the world view, which is consequently expected to be at least partly different in the given time periods. The study therefore contributes to the larger objective of building a tentative formula of humour for the relevant periods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.33.0.20097","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dynamic and Static Speech Organization of Texts in Business Media 商业媒体文本的动态与静态言语组织

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-05-18 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19905

L. Duskaeva

{"title":"The Dynamic and Static Speech Organization of Texts in Business Media","authors":"L. Duskaeva","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19905","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic model involves consideration of compositional-speech forms of construction journalistic texts through a sequence of speech acts. Fs a result the originality of the speech procedures, models of effective professional speech activities are defined and established according to T. Kotarbinsky, the most General norms of maximum feasibility (1975, p.223). For the static analysis of text types identifies the rules for selection and combination of non-linguistic and linguistic means, that is the principles and rules of effective speech activity of the expert. The aim to objectivity of presentation is evident in the accentuated accuracy and detail messages, in an indirect expression of social evaluation and of expression in the predominance of rational evaluation associated with practical human activity, the almost complete absence in publications on economics of more subjective sensory, psychological and sublimated evaluations. Counting for the knowledgeable audience allows making message very laconic, due to the use of terms, abbreviations, special terminology, including Latin, infographics. For the expression of subjectivity, socio-political position can be used specially selected series of events and the techniques of indirect communication. Appeal to the reader is also indirect in nature and stands as the distinctive purpose of information presenting to the reader, with the emphasis on the information, which is the most important for the publication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.32.0.19905","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Interpreting Issues of Metaphors in Official Speech 官方讲话中隐喻的解读问题

Studies About Languages Pub Date : 2018-05-18 DOI: 10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19723

Inga Stadalninkaitė

{"title":"Interpreting Issues of Metaphors in Official Speech","authors":"Inga Stadalninkaitė","doi":"10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SAL.0.32.19723","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on issues which occur when interpreting metaphors in official speech. Metaphor as a figure of speech and a tool that help to understand a way of thinking is inevitable in official speeches to make them more vivid. However, using metaphors in native language and interpreting them is a different case. In this way, interpreters who are presented with metaphors during relatively short official speeches face quite a lot of difficulties. Even though official speeches have a special subject, intentional topic and consistency, they can be filled by various metaphors as well. Therefore, interpreters should be prepared that the speaker might denominate his/her ideas by various metaphorical expressions. This raises the following questions: Do interpreters during simultaneous interpreting session of official speech manage to interpret all metaphorical expressions that they hear? What specific professional knowledge is required for interpreters who mainly work with official register? The analysis of simultaneous interpreting session of one-minute official speeches provided by the European Parliament members made it possible to conclude that even though interpreters face quite a lot of difficulties, they manage to convey most of the metaphors form original language to target language. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.32.0.19723","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0