{"title":"Les onomatopées verbales du tchèque","authors":"Samuel Bidaud","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31330","url":null,"abstract":"Cette contribution a pour but d’étudier les onomatopées verbales du tchèque, que l’on retrouve par exemple dans des formes comme A pes haf na Magdu « Et le chien haf sur Magda », où l’onomatopée haf « ouaf » est insérée directement dans la phrase et fonctionne comme un prédicat. Nous situons tout d’abord ces tournures à l’intérieur de la classe des mots onomatopéiques, afin de voir ce qui les distingue d’une part des onomatopées pures, comme haf, d’autre part des verbes onomatopéiques, comme hafnout « aboyer ». Nous proposons dans un second temps une interprétation des onomatopées verbales dans le cadre de la psychomécanique du langage et du concept d’opérativité. Nous montrons notamment que les onomatopées verbales entretiennent un rapport spécifique à la langue et au discours : elles ont en effet une valeur d’onomatopée en langue, mais de verbe en discours. Elles ne retiennent du verbe que la seule propriété d’incidence externe, qui leur permet de trouver un support dans le nom et d’avoir ainsi une fonction prédicative. Au sein des mots onomatopéiques, le caractère intra-phrastique des onomatopées verbales fait de ces dernières des saisies tardives par rapport aux onomatopées pures, qui constituent des « mots-phrases », selon la terminologie de Tesnière. En revanche, c’est par leur morphologie verbale déficiente que les onomatopées verbales se distinguent des verbes onomatopéiques, lesquels sont pour leur part pourvus de l’ensemble des catégories verbales obligatoires. Les onomatopées verbales correspondent ainsi à une saisie précoce des verbes onomatopéiques lors de la genèse de l’acte de langage.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Consonance and Cognitive Dissonance as Determinants of Plurality in Translation of Shakespeare’s Plays","authors":"Yana V. Boiko","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.31200","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed paper presents the methodology of frame modelling for substantiating the phenomena of cognitive consonance and cognitive dissonance as the determining factors of Ukrainian retranslations of Shakespeare’s plays. By postulating the hypothesis that plurality in translation of the original text depends on the cognitive consonance or cognitive dissonance between the author and the translator, the author of the paper tends to extrapolate the concepts of cognitive consonance and cognitive dissonance to translation studies. Structuring the frame of the conceptual content of the lexical unit in the original text and its Ukrainian retranslations into such slots as reference, emotivity, imagery, evaluation, and stylistic colouring, the author of the paper tries to cover the most noticeable aspects of cognitive parameters of the translated text. It is argued that not only because of the difference in historical and cultural contexts, in which the original text and its retranslations are created, social and ideological peculiarities of the societies but also due to the translators’ personal worldviews, the translators can agree or disagree with the author’s ideas under the influence of cognitive consonance or cognitive dissonance and thus produce different translations. The research proves that different degrees of cognitive proximity between the lexical units in the original text and its Ukrainian retranslations are caused by consonance or dissonance between the cognitions of the author and translator/s. The highest degree of cognitive proximity of the original text and its retranslations is determined by cognitive consonance resulting in cognitive equivalents and/or cognitive analogues in translation; the lowest degree of cognitive proximity appears under the influence of cognitive dissonance resulting in cognitive variants.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Matvieieva, N. Lemish, A. A. Zernetska, Volodymyr O. Babych, Maryna A. Torgovets
{"title":"English-Ukrainian Parallel Corpus: Prerequisites for Building and Practical Use in Translation Studies","authors":"S. Matvieieva, N. Lemish, A. A. Zernetska, Volodymyr O. Babych, Maryna A. Torgovets","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30735","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent demand for highly professional translators determines continuous attempts of researchers and programmers to develop and propose reliable tools for both improvement of translation quality and facilitation of translators’ work. Last ten years have brought the parallel and comparable corpora into the focus of Ukrainian scientists’ attention. The aim of the paper is to specify the prerequisites for building the English-Ukrainian parallel corpus and describe its application in Translation Studies. A parallel corpus as a separate type of linguistic corpora cannot be built without alignment that enables placing and extracting corresponding sentences/paragraphs of source and target texts in one space. To create parallel corpora, it is necessary to perform additional text preparation. The Sketch Engine system (an example of a web-oriented system for work with corpora) can offer the solution for annotation with Excel. However, Sketch Engine lacks artificial intelligence techniques for further word processing. There is probability that employment of a neural network in the future will enable text alignment in parallel corpora instead of system users. Data from parallel corpora can be used in translation lexicography, comparative lexico-grammatical works, studies in the theory and practice of translation, language teaching, and development of machine translation systems. Corpus-based translation analysis is extremely relevant to identifying translation solutions that can only be explored on the basis of translation products. It is stipulated by rather frequent absence of dictionary equivalents in most contexts and ready evidence of possible translation variants in parallel corpora that provide the usage of a language unit in a wide range of contexts.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49553448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations on Basic Intonational Patterns of Questions and Statements in Standard Lithuanian","authors":"Asta Kazlauskiene, Sigita Dereskeviciute","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30870","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the results of the pilot study on intonational patterns of questions and statements in Lithuanian. Special attention is devoted to the tone changes at the end of the intonational phrase, i.e. to the boundary tone and the pitch accent of the last word. In order to identify the main patterns, a corpus of 96 tokens (statements, questions with wh-word ‘kada’ and yes/no questions with and without interrogative word ‘ar’ read by four speakers) has been examined. F0 measurements were extracted using Praat. The audio files were annotated based on the main principles of the autosegmental-metrical phonology: high tone is marked with H, low tone – L, pitch accent – ‘*’ and boundary tone – ‘%.’ In the perception experiment, the participants were asked to identify the statements and questions (the interrogative words were removed). 21 native speakers participated in the experiment.The results have shown that the end of the statements in Standard Lithuanian is described by low tones (L* L%), whereas questions can have tones as follows: high-low (HL* L%), low (L* L%) and low-high (LH* H%). The tone patterns at the end of the questions depend on the presence or absence of the interrogation word: wh- questions are characterized by low tones at the end of phrase (L *L%), yes/no questions with an interrogative word ‘ar’ may have low (L* L%) or rising tones (LH* H%), and yes/no questions without an interrogative word end in rising (LH* H%) or falling (HL* L%) tones. The patterns with low or falling tones are common for the questions with an interrogative word and (or) focus word in a non-final position of the phrase. The results of the perception experiment allow us to draw preliminary conclusions that the high boundary tone, the interrogative word and the pitch accent of the focused word are equivalent markers of a question in Lithuanian.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulana Bylytsia, O. Bilyk, O. Doichyk, N. Ivanotchak, N. Pyliachyk
{"title":"COVID-19 Metaphoric Blends in Media Discourse","authors":"Ulana Bylytsia, O. Bilyk, O. Doichyk, N. Ivanotchak, N. Pyliachyk","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30155","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims at describing COVID-19 metaphorical representations in media discourse. The analysis of conceptual metaphors in political and medical discourse enables a reconstruction of metaphorically based knowledge of coronavirus in English speech communities. Being produced by world political leaders and media presenters these conceptual metaphors influence the socialunderstanding of the novel disease both directly and indirectly. The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor theory, Conceptual Integration theory and Discourse analysis. The range of the target domain COVID-19 includes the following source domains: WAR and PERSON. The latter is further elaborated as GUEST, INTRUDER, ENEMY, CRIMINAL, SPY, TEACHER. The focus is on the cross-space mappings which present the sets of systematic correspondences between the target and source domains. The novel conceptualisations based on the conventional use of metaphoric patterns are analysed within the framework of the following cognitive devices: extending, elaboration, questioning, and combining. The conceptual blends and emergent structures that provide additional layers of COVID-19 interpretation are represented by means of Conceptual Integration Networks, namely, double- and multiple-scope models. The analysis reveals that the conceptual metaphor COVID-19 PANDEMIC IS WAR is mostlyrepresented in political discourse that refers to the disease as a general threat to the world. In medical discourse the metaphor COVID-19 IS PERSON is objectified, with further elaboration of the source domain. The correlation COVID-19 IS TEACHER reveals positive connotations of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Echoic Verbs as Means of Expressing Semelfactive/Multiplicative Meanings in Contemporary English","authors":"A. Tron, O. Derevianko","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30163","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problem of semelfactive and multiplicative verbs in contemporary English. We state that most of semelfactive/multiplicative verbs are of sound-imitating origin. On the basis of four dictionaries (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2003), Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English (2000), Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language (2008), Webster Universal College Dictionary (1997)), 285 echoic verbs were singled out. Our intention was to study the echoic verbs as the main means of expressing either semelfactive or multiplicative, or both, meanings according to the context within the framework of Smith’s (1997) theory of aspect in which five situation types, namely states, activities, achievements, accomplishments, and semelfactives are distinguished. The results of the research contribute to the study of verbal plurality in English. According to the suggested semantic classification, the analyzed verbs were subdivided into three main groups: echoic verbs denoting a sound, the source of which is a person, a thing or nature. The results of the empirically-based study are reflected in the quantitative analysis of the English echoic verbs, which concludes that verbs denoting sounds caused by a thing are used most frequently, verbs denoting sounds produced by a living being are used more seldom, and verbs denoting sounds of nature are least commonly used. Echoic verbs can also be used as part of light verb constructions, where the singular form of a deverbal noun indicates a semelfactive meaning, while the plural form expresses a multiplicative one.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45811466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der pädagogische Fachwortschatz des Deutschen in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine onomasiologische Analyse","authors":"Halyna Palytsya, Oksana Storonska","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30169","url":null,"abstract":"Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Forschung von Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Entwicklung des pädagogischen Wortschatzes der deutschen Sprache vor. Sein Ziel besteht in der onomasiologischen Analyse der pädagogischen Fachlexik der Corona-Zeit sowie ihrer qualitativen und quantitativen Charakterisierung. Das Material der Forschung stellt das dem Neologismenwörterbuch. Neuer Wortschatz rund um die Coronapandemie des Leibniz-Institutes für deutsche Sprache (NWB) entnommene Korpus zum pädagogischen Corona-Vokabular mit der Gesamtzahl von 79 lexikalischen Einheiten dar. Alle extrahierten Wörter und Wortverbindungen wurden aufgrund der Gemeinsamkeit der von ihnen bezeichneten Aspekte der Bildungswirklichkeit in der Pandemie-Zeit in fünf thematische Gruppen eingeordnet, und zwar (1) Bildungsansätze, (2) Unterrichtsgestaltung, (3) Leistungskontrolle, (4) Bildungssubjekte, (5) Didaktische Versorgung. Jede dieser Gruppen ist durch die Bedeutungsnuancen ihrer Elemente charakterisiert. Infolge eingehender Betrachtung wurden innerhalb der thematischen Gruppen einzelne Untergruppen zur Bezeichnung verschiedener Aspekte der jeweiligen Bildungserscheinungen festgestellt. ImRahmen der thematischen Gruppen und Untergruppen wurde auch eine quantitative Bewertung vorgenommen, derzufoge die Gruppe Unterrichtsgestaltung mit 44,3 % die größte Menge bildet, während die Gruppen Bildungssubjekte und Didaktische Versorgung mit 6,3 % die gerings","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithuanisation of Software Metaphors","authors":"Dainora Maumevičienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.31081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.31081","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of software that is localised, i.e., adapted or Lithuanised as a product to the Lithuanian market, language, culture, social norms and values, is originally engineered and designed in the United States of America. Despite the fact that internationalisation has to be carried out as a process of neutralising and standardising the software for further localisation of the product, it is usually carried out incompletely or in some cases might be unperformed at all, if companies have not considered the product to be sold globally. Thus, the software contains attributes, for example, writing conventions, legal norms and rules, culture-specific items, metaphors and other that reflect the source culture and language of the software. Software related texts, online help documents, resource files, messages and other contain various metaphors that are related to applications, malfunctioning, software components and menu items and hardware. At the same time, conceptual metaphors represent the worldview, and its perception is pertinent only to some specific language users. The idea of localisation is both to adapt products to target users in terms of their culture and language and make them feel that the product was designed and created for them. Thus, taking in mind that conceptual metaphors represent the perception of the worldview, the crucial question arises, if it is possible to adapt, i.e., Lithuanise, conceptual metaphors to such an extent that they would reflect the worldview and perception of the target language and culture the tropes are used to represent, categorise and depict. At the same time, it becomes interesting to examine how the trope is being changed in the target language as well as analyse the capacities of the language to change, adapt to and embrace new things it has to name.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Transposition of ‘ON’ from a Diachronic Perspective","authors":"Yurii Kovbasko","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.30644","url":null,"abstract":"The paper represents a distinctive attempt to trace the development of the preposition and the adverb ‘on’ as the initial and transposed categories. The study focuses on their evolution throughout 16 historical time spans – since 850 and up to the present time. The research is based on 7 954 Old English, 2 368 Middle English, 4 251 Early Modern English examples, which have been obtained from the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts and analyzed without applying any corpus software; 174 581 examples of Late Modern English from the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts, which have been processed by means of the Lancsbox software tool; and the statistical data on 7 118 454 examples of Present-Day English retrieved from the Corpus of Historical American English and the British National Corpus. The paper attests that ‘on’ is formed at the first stage (before 850) of the Old English period as the preposition and at the next stage (850–950) is transposed into the category of the adverb, which is characterized by a further slight increase in the statistics and stabilization of its correlation with the preposition ‘on’. Correlation between the categories had remained stable up to the Early Modern English period, when the category of the adverb has started its sustainable growth, which is currently being observed in the English language. The paper proves that in Early Modern English the process of functional transposition is superseded by an utterly new stage of lexicalization which leads to formation of phrasal verbs.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43895009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Configuration of the Text World Polymentality Representation","authors":"Anatolii Zahnitko, L. Hnatiuk, M. Antonova","doi":"10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.29962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.40.1.29962","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problem of structural configuration of the representation of polymentality of the textual world. It focuses on the problem of polymentality (ambiguity) of the text. It is proposed to address it in the context of psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics. On that ground, the study substantiates the figure-background relations as a necessary characteristic of the manifestation of the author's sensorics. Such an approach allows not only revealing cognitive mechanisms that underlie polymentality of the literary text but also systematizing the structural configuration of its representation. The dynamics of figure-background relations (as a way of cognition) is fully manifested in the author's sensorics, often performing certain communicative tasks. The identification of common mechanisms of specificity of the interaction of figure and background in the interpretation of text meaning promotes the use of psychological approaches. The last represent the process of formation and perception of a new meaning as a process of self-organization of a complex system. The results show that the problem of the structural configuration of the representation of the polymentality of the literary text can be solved through the psychological analysis of the author's sensory in terms of figure-background relations in the gestalt-psychological discourse.","PeriodicalId":37822,"journal":{"name":"Studies About Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48519848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}