Economics of the transport complex最新文献

{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATION LOGISTIC ACTIVITIES","authors":"Y. Dogadaylo, O. Levchenko, Yu. Bodra","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.76","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the expediency of using a performance approach to the management of organizations and enterprises was substantiated based on the results of analyzing the peculiarities of modern business conditions. To ensure success management, the methodological approach to diagnosing the economic performance of logistics activities on the ground of using the dynamic standard method was improved. The proposed methodological approach, in contrast to the existing ones, allows during the integrated assessment of economic performance to characterize the level of fulfillment of the condition for the efficient use of the resources during the logistics activities implementation. For the practical implementation of the proposed methodological approach, firstly, an algorithm was developed for integrated assessment by the method of dynamic standards based on the adaptation of the methodology of its implementation to the essence and content of a complex and multifaceted phenomenon of economic efficiency; secondly, the list of the main indicators of economic performance of logistics activity was made on the basis of the system approach which has allowed to form the list of indicators which reflect results, expenses and resources of logistics activity in their interrelation; thirdly, the dynamic standard of economic performance of logistics activity was substantiated on the basis of results of the research made by the method of the hierarchies analysis. The proposed dynamic standard is a reference model for the efficient use of the resources of the organization for logistics activities. To obtain the results, the following research methods were used: historical, generalization, abstraction, comparison, analogy, modeling, formalization, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systems approach, expert evaluations, pairwise comparison, hierarchy analysis and dynamic standard. The proposed research results can be used by managers who are interested in organizing logistics activities in accordance with the requirements to successful development in modern business environment.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE MANAGEMENT","authors":"N. Bocharova","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.21","url":null,"abstract":"The article proves the necessity to distinguish between the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management. Scientists’ different points of view have been studied. There are three main approaches: the first is when the authors consider the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management identical, the second approach implies that the concept of corporate management is broader than the concept of corporate governance, the third involves identification of the main concept of corporate governance, and considering corporate management as it component. General and separate features of the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management are highlighted. It is established that most authors consider corporate management an integral part of corporate governance. The scentists viewpoints on the essence of the concept of corporate management are considered. To define the concept of corporate management, it is proposed to apply the theory of dynamic information systems (TDIS). The use of two-level triadic decryption has led to the selection of basic categories of the 1st level: strategic planning, successful relationships, decision-making. Each of the concepts of the first level, in turn, is revealed by three concepts of the second level of detail. Strategic planning is revealed by presenting it as: the ability to adapt, the ability to develop, responsibility. Successful relationships are formed by elements: the internal environment of the enterprise, the external environment, feedback. Decision making includes: effectiveness, coordination, efficiency. The generalization of three hierarchically structured concepts allowed to form the definition of corporate management as a mechanism for implementing corporate governance at the level of strategic planning. The application of the established definition of corporate management will allow a systematic approach to this concept and help to continue the study of its essence and features of use in the companies’ current activities.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131903375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR LOGISTICS BUSINESS PROCESSES AT MOTOR-TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES","authors":"O. Kryvoruchko, A. Оvcharenko","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.95","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of logistics business processes quality, organization and achievement of goals require an appropriate system.  However, in modern literature and practice, quality management of logistics business processes is carried out in fragments, out of necessity; management functions are not organized into a single system.  Therefore, the main task of the study is to determine the place of quality management system of logistics business processes in the overall management system of the enterprise, substantiate its structure and content. \u0000The theoretical basis for the formation of a quality management system for logistics business processes is the basic provisions of process and system approaches.  The process approach provides consideration of logistics business processes of the enterprise as a set of interconnected logistics processes carried out by stages of production; system approach includes the creation of an organized dynamic system characterized by the interaction of the object, the subject through control channels and feedback, as well as the study of the system behavior taking into account the influence of the external environment. \u0000Quality management of logistics business processes consists of two aspects: strategic and current. Management of strategic processes is subject to corporate (marketing) strategy and takes into account the needs of consumers from the standpoint of logistics; continuous improvement of the quality of logistics business processes; measuring the level of achieved quality of business processes and continuous monitoring. \u0000Quality management of logistics business processes of current activities includes organizing management in such a way as to best satisfy the end user while achieving high efficiency of logistics business processes (operational planning, organization of business processes, analysis of key indicators of their evaluation, preventive and corrective actions, bringing decisions to the performers, etc.). The implementation of such management is based on the general principle of the quality chain. \u0000The prospects for further research are to develop approaches to the implementation of appropriate quality management functions of logistics processes at motor-transport enterprises.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODEL OF MATERIAL FLOW MANAGEMENT IN LOGISTICS SYSTEMS","authors":"L. Аchkasova","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.36","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of relations between regions and states is the main reason for the complication and lengthening of material flow chains. The logistical approach to material flow management involves the need to integrate all the elements of the logistics process into a single system. The aim of the article is to form a model of material flow management taking into account the whole range of information flows that provide it. \u0000To form the above model, the following methods were used: analyzed and synthesized information on approaches to defining the concept of material flow in logistics systems. Using a logical approach, the components of the material flow are determoned, that allow to fully identify it. The study also widely used methods of comparative analysis, a graphical method to reflect the proposed model. \u0000The article further develops the model of material flow management, which, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the whole range of information flows that provide effective management of material flows in logistics systems. \u0000The received model enables the enterprises to reach the set purposes more systematically, to increase the speed of material streams movement, to provide their quality and efficiency. \u0000The obtained results, which include the development of a material flow management model in logistics systems, allow further research on the division of functions in the proposed model and the organization of the transition to effective material flow management.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133325331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LOGISTICS STRATEGY OF THE ENTERPRISE: THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT","authors":"T. Vodolazhska","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.48","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the current achievements of leading scientists and scholars in the field of strategic logistics management on the understanding of the essence of the term \"logistics strategy\" of the enterprise. A thorough analysis of the relevant scientific and practical literature revealed that this area is at an early stage of its development now. This fact causes the lack of identity and common views of experts in the interpretation of the meaning of this term, the authors provide different definitions. Existing developments in the theory and practice of logistics management, including the essence of the concept of logistics strategy need research and refinement. \u0000The main purpose of the article is to formulate the definition of logistics strategy by identifying and streamlining its essential features (the ones each of which is necessary, but all together are sufficient to distinguish this term from all the others). \u0000The existing interpretations of the essence of logistics strategy used in modern literature are studied. Their exhaustive analysis allowed us to conclude that, along with the available theoretical developments, they have certain limitations and shortcomings. Based on the application of basic logical techniques (analysis, comparison and synthesis), the essential features of this term are identified with regard to the content of actions and essential certainty: a set of actions, decisions and methods of effective enterprise management; long-term strategic plan (profile) of the enterprise in the logistics sphere; management of material, information and financial flows; coordination, allocation and efficient use of resources. \u0000The basis for the formation of the concept of logistics strategy is established: firstly, the inclusion of the above four essential features of logistics strategies; secondly, clarification of the feature regarding the compliance of logistics strategies not only with the type of corporate strategy, but also with business strategies, as it is aimed at achieving its goals; thirdly, the inclusion of a sign of compliance with the long-term goals of the enterprise; fourthly, basing on (among others) ​​the definition of strategy and logistics. \u0000Based on the above provisions, the essence of the concept of logistics strategy of the enterprise is formulated, which, in contrast to the existing ones, most fully takes into account the essential features of this term in its essential definition and content of actions. The main differences of the proposed definition are the joint inclusion of the concept of the relevant components in the content.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVOLUTION OF STATE REGULATION INSTRUMENTS FOR INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE","authors":"O. Dmytriieva","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.5","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of the priority areas for innovative development of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine requires modernized state instruments in the field of stimulating the innovative transformations at transport facilities. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the obtained scientific results, the theories of public administration and general innovative development, which are dominant today in the system of modern economic thought, as well as the concepts of innovative development of Ukraine’s transport infrastructure, have been studied in detail. In the modern theory of public administration, the basic signs of state regulation, the purposes and goals of state regulation of economy and the basic principles have been determined. Based on the analysis of European experience, the directions of state regulation for innovative development for EU transport infrastructure are presented in the areas that are fundamental in ensuring the effective functioning and innovative development of transport infrastructure of any country in the world: planning; statutory framework and regulation; state procurement; standardization. It has been determined that the EU seeks to create a modern integrated transport system that will strengthen the global level of competitiveness of the transport system of the participating countries and meet the challenges of sustainable development, the trends of digitalization of society and inclusive growth. Systematization and generalization of the obtained results made it possible to identify the main stages of transformation of the theory of state regulation for transport infrastructure innovative development (dogmatic regulation, strategic regulation, innovation integration). Currently, the state is making only the first attempts to form a modern system of state regulation of transport infrastructure innovative development in accordance with the theory of innovative integration. Disclosure of this periodization enables to identify specific features of the current stage of transformation and the shortcomings of the domestic policy of state regulation for innovative development of transport infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133872515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF MOTOR-TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS ON THE BASIS OF STRATEGICALLY ORIENTED DIRECTIONS OF MANAGEMENT","authors":"I. Fedotova","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.115","url":null,"abstract":"Management of relations with partners of the enterprise is impossible without determining the level of relations with each group of partners and selection of key partners of the enterprise, which actualizes the systematization and generalization of existing scientific approaches to assessing the level of interaction with certain types of partners. Theoretical studies of existing methods of assessing the relationship with consumers, suppliers, staff and other types of partners of the company showed the presence of a relatively small number of works, which set out different approaches to assessing the level of interaction. In solving this problem, the tools of the generalized desirability function are used. The article offers a developed approach to assessing the level of inter-organizational relations of the enterprise with partners in the field of road transport. There are three basic strategically oriented areas of relationship management with partners: the company’s attitude to the partner (partner value); partner’s attitude to the enterprise (partner loyalty); the prospect of the relationship between the company and the partner. The main directions of evaluation according to the proposed characteristics are given, which reveal these directions for optimal use of opportunities in providing and developing motor-transport enterprise (MTE) partnerships. A system of indicators for assessing the level of MTE relationships with the main types of partners (both external and internal) has been formed. An algorithm for estimating the level of MTE relationships with individual partners is proposed. A scale for assessing the relationship of MTE with partners based on the definition of the category of the relationship level in accordance with the value of the generalized desirability function. For a visual assessment of the level of MTE relations with partners, it is proposed to use a matrix built in three-dimensional space, along whose axes there are complex indicators for assessing the level of interaction, which are strategically oriented areas of partner relations management. The offered methodical bases of an estimation of relationship with partners allow to estimate a level of relations with all types of partners, to group them on a level of relations, choose key partners, develop strategies of mutual relations, and form individual relations with key partners.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"14 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132433545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORGANIZATION OF LABOUR IN THE SYSTEM OF «ECONOMICAL» HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT","authors":"O. Kudryavtseva","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.60","url":null,"abstract":"The human resource management system is dynamic because it requires transformation taking into account the changes in external and internal conditions, goals and objectives of the organization. The goal is the basis that determines the direction and nature of the behavior of the object of management to achieve the desired results. In modern conditions, achieving the goals of the organization requires integration of goals and interests of the organization and employees, changing attitudes and approaches to management based on an “economical” approach. To implement this approach to human resource management requires the formation of a subsystem of labour organization in the human resources management system. The introduction of the subsystem of labour organization is carried out using the introduction of new forms of labour organization; enrichment of labour content; creating conditions for professional and career growth; ensuring safe working conditions; participation of employees in the process of developing and making management decisions; ensuring fair and appropriate remuneration for work. To address this issue, the paper presents a model of labour organization, whose elements are divided into two levels of importance. The first level includes the content of work, and the elements of the second level are the remuneration of employees, their professional development, working conditions. In addition, the paper proposes to consider the system of human resource management, which introduces subsystems of formation, use and development of human resource, as well as labour organization. The links between the elements give the human resource management system certain properties, such as generation, interaction, transformation and development. Particular attention is paid to the subsystem of labour organization, which is designed to change management approaches in other subsystems, based on the principle of recognition of the main role of human resource in the organization. The introduction of the subsystem of labour organization in the human resource management system will reduce the severity of the problem of personnel management in organizations.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132986034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING THE HOGAN TEST TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS OF STAFFING OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SUBJECTS","authors":"О. Kovalova","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2020.36.0.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2020.36.0.155","url":null,"abstract":". At the enterprises of all forms of ownership and activities, staffing is one of the most important aspects to search, evaluate and attract the necessary quantitative and qualitative composition of employees, in order to conduct intellectual work to achieve the targets in the long term. The Supervisory Board, as a subject of corporate governance, is key to protect and resolve conflicts of interest of stakeholders. That is why, using Hogan’s test as a specific test during the staffing of corporate governance subjects, as an element of improvement, will lead to long-term and continuous development of the enterprise, will help to maintain the confidence of investors, both domestic and foreign, and attract more long-term capital. The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept and components of staffing, to highlight the need and peculiarities of specific testing, namely the use of Hogan’s test to improve the process of staffing of corporate management subjects. Methodology of research: to achieve the set goal in the work were used general scientific and special methods and techniques of research: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; systemic and complex approach; monographic; abstract and logical. The result of scientific work is a theoretical generalization of the concept and components of staffing. It is justified to use Hogan’s test to assess the leadership qualities of an applicant for the position of a member of the supervisory board as a specific test during the staffing of corporate governance subjects. The author’s opinion on the minimum number of points that a candidate for the position of a member of the supervisory board should receive during the Hogan test is formed. Competences have been identified which, according to the Hogan test report, are held by leaders with similar results. Scientific novelty: The necessity and peculiarities of specific testing, namely the use of Hogan’s test to improve the process of staffing of corporate governance subjects, are justified. It is proved that the assessment of leadership qualities of an applicant for the position of a member of the supervisory board with the use of Hogan test improves the 2nd stage of the process of staffing, namely selection, or assessment. The practical significance of the study is to propose the use of the Hogan test to assess the leadership skills of an applicant for the position of a supervisory board member and determine the minimum number of points that an applicant for the position of a supervisory board member should receive during the Hogan test.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONCEPT OF IMPROVING MANAGEMENT OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES COMPETITIVENESS","authors":"V. Shynkarenko","doi":"10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2020.36.0.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2020.36.0.95","url":null,"abstract":". This article considers the development of the concept of improving management of motor transport enterprises competitiveness. The main purpose of the study is to determine the problems of managing the competitiveness of motor transport enterprises and to make up the hypotheses for their solution in modern conditions. At the same time, the processes of designing and ensuring the functioning of management, development of new and improvement of existing methods of realizing the functions of management of motor transport enterprises competitiveness and services are accepted as the object of the research. Business owners; senior management, line managers of operational units and heads of functional services of enterprises; state management structures are accepted as the subjects of management. The relevance of the study is primarily related to the role that management plays in the competition to achieve competitive advantage. The changes in the methodology of strategic management of enterprises - the introduction of a resource approach to strategy development on a fundamentally different basis, should be added to this. The article considers the problems associated with the improvement of the market approach to the development of a strategy for the operation of diversified enterprises in a competitive environment, as well as the problems in the implementation of the resource approach. They are primarily related to another source of competitive advantage, the formation of enterprise strategy is not top-down, as in the market approach, it is bottom-up. The listed shortcomings of the market approach in working out the strategy of development of the diversified enterprises, and new approaches in developing the strategy by resource methods will allow to form the list of problems of improving management of motor transport enterprises competitiveness and determine the hypotheses for their solution.","PeriodicalId":372796,"journal":{"name":"Economics of the transport complex","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134498757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}