Studia Celto-Slavica最新文献

{"title":"Italo-Celtic Correspondences in Verb Formation","authors":"Dubravka Ivšić","doi":"10.54586/ipbd8569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/ipbd8569","url":null,"abstract":"The question of possible Italo-Celtic unity has been amply discussed so far. The notion of a special Italo-Celtic subgroup was broadly accepted until mid 20th century. It flourished under the patronage of A. Meillet, and C. Watkins contributed to the fact that many linguists today consider it implausible. Given that there is a general disagreement in relation to a possible Italo-Celtic unity, a new approach to the problem is put forward. One may presume that the alleged Italo-Celtic unity may have left some evidence in verb formation. We employed the data of the Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben to find verbal forms which are shared by both Italic and Celtic, and no other languages. There are thirteen such forms and they are considered to be exclusive morphological isoglosses. The number of exclusive Italo-Celtic isoglosses does not provide any evidence for a specific Italo-Celtic similarity, since Italic and Greek, as well as Celtic and Indo-Iranian languages, share more exclusive isoglosses of this kind than Italic and Celtic. Each pair of Italo-Celtic verbal correspondences was given careful attention. It was demonstrated that these verbal correspondences do not indicate Italo-Celtic innovations, but rather shared retentions or incidental convergences.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133212651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Qualities in Goidelic: A Corpus Study of Polysemy and Collocability","authors":"Oksana Dereza","doi":"10.54586/dseo7837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/dseo7837","url":null,"abstract":"This is a small case study of Goidelic adjectives denoting the physical qualities of heaviness and lightness, namely trom and éadrom in Irish and trom and aotrom (eutrom) in Scottish Gaelic. Both go back to Old Irish. I will refer to them by their Old Irish forms tromm and étromm in generalisations. Étromm is derived from tromm with a negative prefix é, suggesting a high level of structural symmetry. However, this proves not to be the case, and étromm appears to be a lot more than just “not tromm” even at the earliest stage. Moreover, distribution of both trom and étromm differs substiantially in Modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic although these languages are closely related. What makes this kind of adjective especially interesting is A. Wierzbicka and C. Goddard’s assumption that “physical quality concepts refer to embodied human experiences and embodied human sensations” (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2007: 765). In other words, we call something ‘heavy’ not because it has some specific weight, but rather because we feel this weight. The analysed Goidelic data fully support this statement.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123767516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Object Double Marking in Celtic and South Slavic Languages: Preliminary Remarks","authors":"E. Parina","doi":"10.54586/qamh7919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/qamh7919","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of pronominal reprise has been extensively studied in French and Spanish, languages of the Balkan Sprachbund and in Modern Welsh. In some of those languages this feature has been claimed to be specific for oral speech (for French see [Lambrecht 1981], Bulgarian [Lopashov 1978: 28], Welsh [Rowlands 1981: 424ff.]). In our paper we shall analyze how the South Slavic languages (Bulgarian and Macedonian) and the Celtic languages (Middle and Modern Welsh, and Middle Irish) vary as regards constructions they allow, the frequency of these constructions and their semantics. In this abstract we concentrate on Middle Welsh comparing it to Bulgarian. The pronominal reprise (i.e. the co-occurence within the same clause boundary of both a full NP/pronominal and a clitic replica [Dimitrova-Vulchanova 83]) in Bulgarian is obligatory only in a small numbers of contexts, and has often a semantics of contrast or emphasis: Мене ме мама не дава ‘Mother does not give me’ [de Bray 1951: 206]. This situation reminds us about the use of affixed pronouns in Welsh: Pwy bynnac a ’m metrei i yuelly… (PKM 87.2-3) ‘Whoever should smite me when so…’ T. Arwyn Watkins wrote that the difference in the usage of affixed pronouns strikingly reflects the gap between spoken and literary Welsh [Watkins 1977-8: 349]. Prof. Pr. MacCana noticed that this discrepancy might go back to Middle Welsh and noted a tendency for a more frequent usage of affixed pronouns in PKM dialogs in [MacCana 1975-6: 323]. Having analysed all the examples of affixed pronoun usage in PKM we could now refine this statement. Affixed pronouns are more frequently used in 1-2 persons also with possessive pronouns and personal endings of the inflected prepositions. It should be noted that this tendency is true also for MIr. notae augentes, but not for the Modern Welsh affixed pronouns.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124864892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The History of Celtic Scholarship in Russia and the Soviet Union","authors":"Séamus Séamus Mac Mathúna","doi":"10.54586/asmh5209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/asmh5209","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been a remarkable burgeoning of interest in Celtic scholarship in the Slavic countries. Much of the work carried out by Slavic scholars, however, is written in the Slavic languages and is not readily accessible to Western scholars. The result is that the scope and achievement of Celtic scholars in these countries is not widely known and appreciated. The aim of this paper is to give a short history of this tradition and of some of the major scholarly landmarks. While the emphasis will be primarily on Celtic Studies in Russia, reference will also be made to the work of scholars in other Slavic countries. Several centuries before Christ, the Proto-Slavic dialect area appears to be north of the Carpathian mountains between the Rivers Oder and Vistula in Poland and the River Dnepr in the Ukraine. It is in a kind of intermediate zone which includes other language areas, including Illyrian, Thracian and Phrygian, and is bordered to the west by Germanic, Celtic and Italic, and to the east by Scythian and Tocharian. The paper will examine briefly the history and contribution of Celtic Slavic scholars to the question of the links between Proto-Slavic and Celtic in this region. The writings of the famous academicians A.A. Schachmatov (1864–1920) and A.N. Veselovsky (1838–1906) are taken as points of departure in outlining the history of Celtic linguistic and literary scholarship in Russia, and both their work and methodologies, and the work of other scholars, such as V. Propp, E. Meletinsky, Yu. Lotman, V.N. Toporov and A.Ya. Gourevitch, are considered in light of their influence on modern Celtic scholarship in the Slavic countries. Consideration is also given to the work and influence of deceased Celtic scholars A.A. Smirnov, V.N. Yartseva, A.A. Koroljov and V.P. Kalygin, the work of scholars such as T.A. Mikhailova and S.V Schkunayev, and the development of a new generation of very able and productive younger scholars.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women of Power Compared in the Celtic and Slavic Traditions","authors":"Dean A. Miller","doi":"10.54586/ipxd2692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/ipxd2692","url":null,"abstract":"This will be a brief and tentative effort at comparison that may begin with thematic resemblances, but will attempt to move past these parallels to find deeper ideological (in the Dumézilian sense) roots.  That is, I will try to find and found my comparands in an Indo-European patterning matrix or common ancestry, despite the obvious geographical or spatial separation (at least at the present time) of the two cultural-linguistic traditions we have in primary view.  To take up “women of power” in the Celtic and the Slavic contexts also confronts a pseudo-historical cliché with some historically factual backing: that is, the essentially “patriarchal” conformation (or essential character) of the I-E socio-political order, where male rulers and warriors are said to dominate, worshiping, aided by or associated with potent (male) deities.  This view is, I think, much too simplistic or at least un-nuanced.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130158223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The North-Eastern Border of the Celtic World","authors":"V. Blažek","doi":"10.54586/zmee3109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/zmee3109","url":null,"abstract":"The present study provides an etymological analysis of toponyms collected by Ptolemy from Northeast Europe, as known to him in the mid-second century CE. The territory studied roughly corresponds to contemporary Poland and part of the Czech Republic. The northernmost border of probable Celtic toponyms in the area of contemporary Poland may be determined between the 54th and 53rd latitudes (c. 53°30′).","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slavic *komonjь and Its Probable Celtic Source","authors":"V. Blažek","doi":"10.54586/flvd3285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/flvd3285","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the present study is to demonstrate that besides the traditional Balto-Slavic etymology of Slavic *komonjь ‘riding horse’, based on the Baltic designation of ‘bridle’, there is an alternative, identifying in the Slavic word an adaptation of the syntagm ‘horse of road’ > ‘riding horse’, expressed in a hypothetical Celtic source from Central Europe as *epos (? *ekwos) or *markos *kammanios, with the following ellipsis of the word for ‘horse’.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114280580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obligatory and Non-Obligatory Control in Irish and Polish","authors":"A. Bondaruk","doi":"10.54586/omnx2639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/omnx2639","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at establishing a typology of control in Irish and Polish non-finite clauses. First, seven classes of predicates taking non-finite complements in Irish and Polish are specified. They include: modal (e.g. must), aspectual (e.g. start), implicative (e.g. manage), factive (e.g. like), prepositional (e.g. say), desiderative (e.g. want) and interrogative verbs (e.g. ask). Whereas modals and aspectuals typically take raising complements, the remaining predicate classes require control complements. Control clauses in Polish always have a covert PRO subject, while in Irish their subject may be either the covert PRO or an overt DP. The PRO subject may be either obligatorily controlled or is controlled optionally. The criteria adopted in distinguishing obligatory control (OC) from non-obligatory control (NOC) are based on Landau (2000) and comprise the following: (1) a. Arbitrary Control is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; b. Long-distance control is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; c. Strict reading of PRO is impossible in OC, possible in NOC; d. De re reading of PRO is impossible in OC (only de se), possible in NOC. The validity of these criteria for establishing the OC/NOC contrast in Irish and Polish is scrutinised. Various contexts are examined where both these control types obtain in the two languages studied. Most notably, OC tends to occur in complement clauses, while NOC is often found in subject and adjunct clauses both in Irish and Polish. Within the class of OC, two subgroups are recognised, namely exhaustive control (EC) and partial control (PC). The former control type holds when the reference of PRO and its antecedent are identical, whereas the latter type of control is attested when the reference of PRO covers the reference of its antecedent, but is not entirely co-extensive with it, e.g.: (2) a. Maryᵢ managed [PROᵢ to win] = EC; b. Maryᵢ wanted [PRO + to meet at 6] = PC. EC and PC are found in analogous contexts in Irish and Polish. EC occurs in complements to modal, implicative and aspectual verbs, while PC is limited to complements to factive, desiderative, prepositional and interrogative predicates. It is argued that EC-complements lack independent tense specification, while PC-complements are marked for tense independent from the one expressed in the matrix clause. PC-complements both in Irish and Polish must contain a semantically plural predicate (cf. meet in (2b)), but they can never exhibit a syntactically plural element.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115326892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unity in Diversity?: A Fine-Grained Approach to Linguistic Geography of Breton by Means of Dialectometry","authors":"Tanguy Solliec","doi":"10.54586/blho8775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/blho8775","url":null,"abstract":"Local variation in Breton is a well known feature but aggregate analyses on this topic are still rare. A dialectometric approach, i.e. a computational method for comparing data from the different locations of a linguistic atlas, applied to the Nouvel Atlas Linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne (Le Dû 2001) but restrained to a small area at the center of the Lower-Brittany has identified a few phenomena involved in linguistic variation and has quantified their importance. We discuss these results in the light of the frequency of these facts for each site. This approach is an opportunity to associate basic corpus approach to linguistic geography for a better understanding of linguistic variation.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115423454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lexicon of Dafydd ap Gwilym's Poetry","authors":"Dafydd Johnston","doi":"10.54586/jigd1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54586/jigd1199","url":null,"abstract":"Lexical eclecticism is a well-known characteristic of the fourteenth-century Welsh poet Dafydd ap Gwilym. This paper will offer a preliminary categorisation of the sources of his language, considering on the one hand what he inherited from the earlier poetic tradition and the various discourses of Middle Welsh prose (religious, legal, historiographical), and on the other hand innovations resulting from use of colloquial vocabulary and loanwords from French, English and Irish, as well as new compounds and abstract formations. An attempt will be made to assess the proportion of core vocabulary of the spoken language in his poetry, with due regard to the associated methodological issues. Some conclusions will be drawn about the kinds of evidence which the poetry can provide for the development of the Welsh language during a period of major socio-political change.","PeriodicalId":370965,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celto-Slavica","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128606838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}