Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.e001","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.e001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"114-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect on Bracket Bonding of Polishing with Fluoride-Containing Prophy Paste Before Enamel Pretreatment with Orthophosphoric Acid: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Kensuke Hata, Mizuki Inaba, Yasuki Uchida, Fuko Kimura, Yuki Kurisu, Yasuhiro Namura, Mitsuru Motoyoshi","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.145","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized clinical trial assessed the effects of polishing enamel with fluoride prophy paste before enamel pretreatment with orthophosphoric acid on bracket bond outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 49 patients with a mean age of 24.6 years. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups in an approximate 1:1 ratio: 25 participants in the fluoride group (Group 1) and 24 in the non-fluoride group (Group 2). All patients' tooth surfaces were polished with prophy paste, etched, and fitted with brackets. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Outcome measures included bracket bond survival and the number of bond failures, along with questionnaire items collected from all subjects, such as history of fluoride varnish and mouthwash use, age, and sex. Survival time analysis was used to characterize bond failure outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 951 brackets were tested; the overall bond failure rate was 2.7%. Group 2 (non-fluoride polishing) had a bond failure rate of 4.0%, while Group 1 (fluoride polishing) had a significantly lower failure rate of 1.5%. These failure rates were much lower than those reported previously. Survival analysis, accounting for patient-level variability through random effects, revealed that age and fluoride prophy paste were significant risk factors. The hazard ratio for bond failure associated with the use of fluoride-containing prophy paste was 0.26.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polishing with fluoride-containing prophy paste did not affect the bracket-bond failure rate when it was followed by phosphoric acid etching.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Assessment of the Turkish Journal of Orthodontics after WoS Indexing.","authors":"Aylin Alaçam, Tuğba Güngör, Banu Sağlam Aydınatay","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.147","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed the publication characteristics, citation patterns, and research trends of the Turkish Journal of Orthodontics (TJO) since its Web of Science (WoS) indexing in 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the WoS Core Collection (2018-24) on April, 2025. Network analysis was performed using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze publication trends, authorship patterns, geographical distribution, and citation performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 244 publications were analyzed, comprising 192 (78.7%) original articles, 27 (11.1%) reviews, eight (3.3%) systematic reviews, and 17 (7.0%) case reports. The journal achieved an h-index of 15, with 1408 total citations and an average of 5.77 citations per article. Türkiye contributed the most publications (58.2%), followed by India (16.8%), the USA (6.6%), and Iran (5.3%). International collaboration involved 39 countries, and the most-cited article received 32 citations. The gender distribution of authorship was closely balanced: 52.2% female and 47.8% male. 94.7% of publications were multi-authored, with an average of 3.5 authors per article. Keyword analysis revealed thematic clusters dominated by clear aligners, malocclusion, cone-beam computed tomography, and dental materials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TJO shows consistent growth in publication volume, expansion of international collaboration, and increases in citation impact since WoS indexing. The journal successfully captures emerging trends in clear aligners and rapid maxillary expansion while maintaining coverage of fundamental orthodontic topics. A strategic editorial evolution toward systematic reviews indicates a commitment to evidencebased practice. This bibliometric overview offers a data-driven foundation for future editorial decision-making and monitoring the journal's evolving role within orthodontic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"102-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Dimensional Accuracy and Fit of Aligners Manufactured by Direct Printing and Thermoforming: An <i>in vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Nataleya Felix, Shweta Nagesh","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.153","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to compare the accuracy and fit of direct-printed and thermoformed aligners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>in vitro</i> study included a pre-treatment scan as a reference model. Thirteen successive treatment stages were digitally planned and exported as Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files. Based on the treatment plan, 39 aligners were manufactured for three groups: Group 1, direct-printed aligners with TA-28 resin; Group 2, thermoformed polyurethane (PU) aligners; and Group 3, thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PET-G) aligners. All aligners were subsequently scanned, and the resulting STL files were superimposed on the baseline models. The dimensional accuracy and fit of the aligners were evaluated. The groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons, with significance set at p≤0.05. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were evaluated via intraclass correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 1 exhibited greater dimensional accuracy, as evidenced by the lowest mean deviation compared with Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). Pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 and between Group 1 and Group 3 (p<0.001); however, no significant difference was found between Groups 2 and 3 (p=0.489). Landmark-based deviation analysis indicated that Group 1 demonstrated the least deviation across all nine evaluated anatomical landmarks (p<0.001). Group 3 showed slightly greater deviations than Group 2 for most landmarks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Direct-printed aligners fabricated using TA-28 resin exhibited significantly higher dimensional accuracy and a better fit than thermoformed aligners manufactured from PU and PET-G.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Premaxillary Dimensions in Patients with Palatally and Buccally Impacted Maxillary Canines and Those with Normally Erupted Canines: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.","authors":"Jerome Thomas, Bhadrinath Srinivasan, Vignesh Kailasam","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.111","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research into the etiology of maxillary canine impaction (MCI) has focused primarily on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla in the premolar and molar regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare premaxillary width, height, depth, and volume -assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)- among individuals with palatal MCI, buccal MCI, and normally erupted maxillary canines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized CBCT records of patients with MCI. A total of 45 subjects were divided into three groups of 15 subjects each. Group I (palatal canine impaction), Group II (buccal canine impaction), and Group III (control group of normally erupted canines). Premaxillary width, height, depth, and volume were measured in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using Horos software. All measurements were performed by a single calibrated examiner. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis was applied; statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Premaxillary height, depth, and volume were significantly greater in both palatal canine impaction (Group I) and buccal canine impaction (Group II) groups compared to controls (Group III). The increase was greatest in Group I, and this difference among the three groups was statistically significant (p=0.04 for height, 0.0005 for depth, and 0.04 for volume). Premaxillary width did not differ significantly among groups (p=0.38). Post-hoc analysis revealed that premaxillary depth was significantly greater in both palatal and buccal impaction groups than in controls (p=0.021 and 0.002, respectively), while premaxillary volume was significantly greater in the palatal than in the buccal canine impaction group (p=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that three-dimensional premaxillary morphology, as assessed by CBCT -particularly increased depth and volume- may be associated with MCI, with a more pronounced effect in palatal impaction. Premaxillary width did not demonstrate a significant association. These results indicate that localized anterior maxillary skeletal characteristics, rather than transverse maxillary deficiency alone, may influence the eruptive pathway of maxillary canines. These findings represent associations and do not establish causality. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings and to explore their clinical implications for early orthodontic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity Assessment of the Effects of Pre-Orthodontic Trainer Appliances on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An <i>in vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Zeynep Mehmetoğlu Topal, Hakan Gürcan Gürel, Muzaffer Gülyurt","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.137","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic effects of 25 pre-orthodontic trainer appliances on human gingival fibroblasts (HgnFs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphological analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five pre-orthodontic trainer appliances were sterilized and incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium for 1 month to obtain conditioned eluates, in accordance with the principles of ISO 10993-5. The eluates were filtered and applied to cultured HgnFs for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and morphological changes were evaluated using an inverted light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed at the appliance level using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-hoc test (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences in cell viability were observed among the 25 appliance groups [Kruskal-Wallis H (25)=47.58, p=0.004]. The K3 Blue (A8) appliance demonstrated significantly lower viability than J2 (A12) and several other appliance models. Importantly, none of the tested appliances exhibited a statistically significant reduction in cell viability compared to the negative control group. All appliances maintained viability values above the ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold under the experimental conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, most pre-orthodontic trainer appliances demonstrated acceptable cytocompatibility with HgnFs. Appliance-specific differences were observed, highlighting the importance of individual appliance evaluation rather than broad material-based generalisations. Further studies incorporating long-term exposure models and in vivo validation are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Vertical Facial Patterns on Dental Arch Parameters in Class III Malocclusions: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Gamze Yıldırım, Elif Aybüke Öztürk, Yasemin Bahar Acar","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.100","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate how vertical-patterns influence dental arch dimensions in class I (CI) and class III (CIII) malocclusions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pretreatment patient files, lateral cephalometric parameters, and initial intraoral digital models of adult patients were retrieved from the archive in an academic setting. Skeletal and dental CI and CIII individuals were divided into three subgroups (n=20 for each group) according to frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) values (angle between Frankfurt horizontal and mandibular planes): FMA <22° for low-angle (L), FMA=22-28° for normal-angle (N), and FMA >28° for high-angle (H) vertical patterns. Dental arch parameters were measured on digital models using 3D Slicer software (version 5.6.1; www.slicer.org). One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. The significance level was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference in maxillary intermolar width was found between CI-H and CIII-L groups (p=0.004). A significant difference in the maxillary intermolar angle was found between the CIII-N and CI-N groups and between the CIII-N and CI-L groups (p=0.003). A significant difference in intermolar mandibular width was observed between the CI-H and CI-L groups (p=0.002). Occlusal angle differed significantly between the CI-N and CIII-H groups and between the CI-N and CIII-L groups (p=0.002). No differences were observed in intercanine width, arch length, or arch depth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CIII-L group has a significantly greater intermolar width for both maxillary and mandibular arches. The clinical implications of this result can be particularly important when selecting prefabricated archwires. Therefore, it is recommended that this difference be taken into consideration in diagnosis and treatment planning to achieve effective and stable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic Treatment and External Apical Root Resorption: A Study on the Worldwide Prevalence - A Scoping Review.","authors":"Raquel Senén-Carramolino, Paula Iber-Diaz, Yun Chen, Alejandro Iglesias-Linares","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.107","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>External apical root resorption (EARR) is an important concern in orthodontic practice. Despite extensive research, the reported prevalence, occurrence, and grade distribution of EARR remain heterogeneous, ranging from 0% to 100%. This review aimed (i) to analyse the available scientific evidence worldwide to ascertain conclusions regarding EARR prevalence and (ii) to identify and evaluate the most appropriate radiographic technique and complete/comprehensive assessment method for EARR. This review followed the JBI and PRISMA guidelines and included studies of any orthodontic treatment. The studies were analysed based on diagnostic imaging methods, quantification, categorisation, and other variables. Of the 1209 records identified, 81 studies were included. The evidence originated from six continents, predominantly Europe (33 studies), Asia (23 studies), and the Americas (13 studies from North America and 16 from South America). Across the studies, marked variability was observed in both the reported prevalence and the severity of EARR. Studies utilising two-dimensional techniques mainly reported no or only mild resorption in most incisors. Similarly, studies employing three-dimensional techniques found that mild or no resorption was predominant. However, severe EARR was rare in all studies, consistently affecting fewer than 5% of cases. Notably, discrepancies in severity and mean EARR values among studies were largely attributable to variations in techniques and classification systems. This inconsistency emphasises the urgent need for standardised diagnostics and a unified classification. Resolving these issues will provide clearer insights into EARR.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Best Locations for Mini-Implants in the Mandibular Symphysis Based on Different Mandibular Growth Patterns: A CBCT Study.","authors":"Gaurav Agrawal, Sumit Gandhi, Shaheen Hamdani, Harsha Malhotra, Shrushti Jadhao, Preeti Paryani","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.50","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to evaluate optimum site for insertion of orthodontic mini-implants at mandibular symphysis in patient with different mandibular growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The objectives were to evaluate and measure complete bone width (CBW) and cortical bone width (CtBW) in the symphysis area at various heights [2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm from cementoenamel junction (CEJ)] and at various angles (0º, 10º, 20º, 30º, 40º, 50º, and 60º to the occlusal plane), and to assess the effect of mandibular growth patterns (low, average, and high angle) on these measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample included 45 patients aged 16-30 years. Patients were categorized into three groups (n=15) corresponding to the mandibular growth pattern for the assessment of CBW and CtBW. Individual data for each patient were entered into a master table in Microsoft Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 22.0. Analysis of variance was applied to investigate the influence of insertion location, facial type, insertion height and insertion angle on overall bone thickness and CtBW. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CBW was notably greater in patients with a low-angle mandibular growth pattern than in patients with other mandibular growth patterns at insertion heights of 8, 10, and 12 mm. CtBW was greater in cases with a low-angle mandibular growth pattern than in cases with other mandibular growth patterns. Similar results were observed for CtBW.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mandibular symphysis in patients with a low-angle growth pattern provides more favorable anatomical conditions for mini-implant placement. The ideal insertion site lies between 6 and 10 mm below the CEJ of the central incisors, with angulation ranging from 0° to 60° relative to the occlusal plane. CBCT assessment should be considered essential in treatment planning to customize implant positioning based on individual growth patterns, thereby enhancing implant stability and success.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Lip Change Following Premolar Extraction Differ in Patients with High and Normal Vertical Growth Patterns?","authors":"Buket Erdem, Ece Başal, Büşra Emir","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between incisor retraction and upper and lower lip repositioning in patients with high and normal vertical growth patterns (NVP), and to assess whether vertical growth pattern influences soft tissue changes following extraction treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 79 patients who underwent extraction of two or four first premolars were analyzed. Patients were divided into a [high vertical pattern (HVP); Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) >30°, n=49] and a NVP; 22< FMA ≤30°, n=30) group. Horizontal and vertical changes in the lips, labiomental fold, and lip strain were measured, and correlations between these changes and incisor movements were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upper lip retraction was greater in the HVP group (2.86 mm, p<0.05) than in the NVP group (1.97 mm, not significant). Upper lip height decreased significantly in both groups, with a slightly greater decrease in the NVP group (p<0.001). Upper lip strain decreased in both groups, especially in the HVP group (p<0.001). Incisor retraction was strongly correlated with upper-lip changes in both groups, and with lower-lip and labiomental-fold repositioning in the NVP group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Soft tissue response to incisor retraction varies with vertical growth pattern, with greater upper lip retraction in HVP patients. Vertical growth patterns should be considered for optimal soft tissue outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}