Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Tooth Dimensions, Arch Width, and Treatment Outcomes after Mandibular Incisor Extraction.","authors":"Başak Arslan Avan, İrem Kar, Burcu Baloş Tuncer, Nehir Canıgür Bavbek","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate treatment-related changes in tooth widths, ratios, and dental arch changes in patients treated with mandibular incisor extraction treatment (MIET).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) digital dental casts of 24 patients (13 female, 11 male; mean age: 16.58±3.81 years) who underwent MIET were examined. Mesiodistal tooth widths, transverse dental arch widths, overjet, and overbite were measured, and the Bolton ratios were calculated using OrthoCAD software. Pre- and post-treatment values were compared. Correlations between post-treatment overjet and related parameters were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mesiodistal widths of the maxillary incisors decreased from T1 to T2, with a statistically significant decrease in the upper right lateral (-0.18±0.32 mm, p=0.010) and upper left central incisors (-0.20±0.36 mm, p=0.011). Mandibular intercanine width decreased (-2.56±3.39 mm; p<0.001), whereas maxillary and mandibular interpremolar width (2.91±2.06 mm, p<0.001; 1.57±2.68 mm, p=0.008) and mandibular intermolar width (1.09±1.94 mm, p=0.013) increased significantly. Overbite (-1.00±1.52 mm, p=0.004), the anterior Bolton ratio (-10.51±2.40%, p<0.001), and the overall Bolton ratio (-4.89±1.83, p<0.001) decreased during treatment. Post-treatment overjet was negatively correlated with the pre-treatment anterior and overall Bolton ratios and positively correlated with the pre-treatment arch length, the difference in intercanine width (T2-T1), and the pre-treatment overbite.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MIET caused a decrease in mandibular intercanine width and the anterior Bolton ratio, despite the interproximal reduction performed on the upper incisors. Given the potential consequences of these results on anterior and canine guidance, greater interproximal reduction in the maxilla and close attention to the torque and final positions of the mandibular canines may be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Automatic Digital Model Analysis Compared with Manual Approaches.","authors":"Zeynep Beyçe Karaman, Can Sever, Kaan Kahya, Can Arslan, Derya Çakan","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.104","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to compare the accuracy and reliability of artificial intelligence (AI)-supported automatic digital (AD) model analysis systems with manual digital (MD) and manual plaster (MP) methods in orthodontic diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four individuals (8 male, 16 female; mean age 19.5±6.05 years) with permanent dentition and mild to moderate crowding were included. Linear measurements were performed using digital calipers on plaster models. Digital models were obtained through intraoral scanning and analysed using OrthoSystem Software (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) with both manual and automatic segmentation. Mesiodistal tooth dimensions, arch length deficiency were evaluated across all three methods, and Bolton analysis. Arch width measurements were compared only between the digital and MP methods due to software limitations in the automatic detection of landmarks. Statistical analysis included repeated-measures analysis of variance, Friedman's test, and paired t-tests with significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three methods demonstrated consistent results with low standard deviations and narrow confidence intervals. Significant differences were found in mesiodistal tooth measurements between digital systems and plaster models, excluding premolars (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between AD and MD systems for arch length deficiency or Bolton discrepancy (p>0.05). The MP method yielded higher measurements than those from digital systems, suggesting a higher error rate attributable to conventional phase redundancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Artificial intelligence-based AD model analysis provides reliable, consistent measurements comparable to those of MD methods. The automatic segmentation approach, enhanced by deep learning algorithms, demonstrates clinical accuracy approaching that of MD analysis, offering a time-efficient alternative for orthodontic model assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 3","pages":"116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Evaluation of Gingival Thickness and Gingival Recession after Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Patients with Normally Positioned Mandibular Incisors.","authors":"Ahmet Can Yılmaz, Özer Alkan","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.8","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This <i>in vivo</i> study evaluated clinical gingival recession and labial gingival thickness following fixed orthodontic treatment in patients with normally positioned mandibular incisors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six patients (18 females and 8 males; aged 11-25 years) with normally positioned mandibular incisors, defined by an initial 1-NB distance of 3-5 mm, were included. All patients received non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatment with the straight-wire technique. Gingival recession was clinically recorded at treatment onset (T0) and 20 days after appliance removal (T1). Gingival thickness was measured by transgingival probing at two labial sites on each mandibular anterior tooth: one apical to the free gingival groove and one coronal to the mucogingival junction. The T0-T1 changes were analyzed using paired samples t-tests; intergroup gingival thickness comparisons were analyzed using independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, with a Bonferroni correction where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean treatment duration was 28.26 months. The 1-NB distance increased significantly from 4.05±0.94 mm to 4.67±1.51 mm (p=0.003), whereas the 1-NB angle and the incisor mandibular plane angle changes were not significant. No clinical gingival recession was detected at T1. Significant tooth- and level-specific changes in gingival thickness were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within this sample and observation period, no clinical gingival recession was observed after treatment. However, changes in gingival thickness indicate that labial gingival thickness should be considered during orthodontic treatment planning and periodontal monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 3","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Diagnostic Performance of ChatGPT-5.0 versus Machine Learning in Orthodontics: A Comparative Analysis for Extraction Treatment Planning.","authors":"Artun Yangın, Hasan Camcı, Mehmet Soybelli","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.190","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To make accurate orthodontic extraction decisions, various clinical and cephalometric variables must be evaluated. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT-5.0's performance in distinguishing orthodontic extraction decisions and to compare it with five supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 550 retrospectively evaluated orthodontic records, 30 were reserved for calibration, leaving 520 for the main analysis. The reference standard was the consensus treatment decision of three expert orthodontists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. Overall, 23 variables were analyzed, including 13 clinical parameters, 7 cephalometric measurements, and photographs. ChatGPT-5.0's performance was evaluated using a 5-fold cross-validation design. It was compared with XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Performance metrics included accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1-score, and balanced accuracy, with 95% confidence intervals calculated. Statistical analyses utilized Cochran's Q test and the McNemar test with Holm-Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 520 main cases, 223 (42.88%) were extraction treatments and 297 (57.12%) were non-extraction treatments. XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy (78.08%), followed closely by ChatGPT-5.0 (75.77%). The overall performance difference among models was significant (p≤0.001). In pairwise comparisons, ChatGPT's accuracy was significantly higher than those of random forest, SVM, logistic regression, and MLP, but was found to be similar to XGBoost. ChatGPT-5.0 showed the highest sensitivity (76.68%), whereas XGBoost showed the highest specificity (82.15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ChatGPT-5.0 demonstrated performance comparable to, and in some cases superior to, traditional ML models for orthodontic extraction decisions. While XGBoost yielded the highest overall classification accuracy, ChatGPT-5.0's high sensitivity in detecting extraction cases was noteworthy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"142-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Orthodontic Treatment Requirements and Their Influence on Quality of Life and Self-Esteem Among Adults.","authors":"Aslıhan Zeynep Öz, Abdullah Alper Öz, Özge Özaydın","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.75","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the the association of orthodontic treatment need on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem in adult patients seeking orthodontic care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 110 adults were recruited for the study. Orthodontic treatment need was evaluated using the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). Patients with a score of 43 and above were classified as Group 1; those with a score below 43 were classified as Group 2. Oral health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and self-esteem was assessed using the rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). Statistical evaluation involved Spearman's rank correlation, Mann-Whitney U tests, and independent samples t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean OHIP-14 score was higher in Group 1 (12.63±7.46) than in Group 2 (10.61±7.46). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.176). Mean RSES scores did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.741). A slight but meaningful positive correlation emerged between ICON and OHIP-14 scores, indicating that as orthodontic treatment need increased, OHRQoL tended to decrease. No significant correlation was observed between ICON and RSES. Additionally, gender was not significantly associated with either OHIP-14 or RSES scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis revealed that increased need for orthodontic treatment is associated with a slight worsening of OHRQoL but does not significantly affect self-esteem in adult subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 3","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Mapping of Digitalization in Orthodontics: Evaluating Scientific Contributions, Collaboration Networks, and Future Directions.","authors":"Damla Dalman Şimşek","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.103","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To map scholarly trends in digital orthodontics by quantifying publication growth, identifying influential contributors and collaboration networks, and delineating emerging research themes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the records published between January 2000 and May 2024 from the Web of Science Core Collection; VOSviewer was used to analyze co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, institutional productivity, and citation patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,567 publications were analyzed. Research output markedly increased after 2020 and peaked in 2023. The United States, Italy, and China were the leading contributing countries. Key institutions included Peking University, Radboud University, and the University of São Paulo. The most frequently cited authors were Xu, Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Lo Giudice. Major thematic clusters were centered on three-dimensional printing, artificial intelligence, and digital modeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In recent years, digital orthodontics research has considerably accelerated, thus expanding international collaboration and rapid technological innovation. A limitation of this study is that coverage may differ from that of multi-database approaches. In addition, future bibliometric assessments should be complemented by qualitative appraisals and clinical outcome- oriented evaluations to strengthen translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 3","pages":"169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Concordance of Panoramic Radiographs and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and their Influence on Treatment Decision-Making for Impacted Canines.","authors":"Genta Agani Sabah, Müfide Bengü Erden, Mehmet Gümüş Kanmaz","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.60","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic concordance between panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to determine their comparative diagnostic performance in relation to the treatment decision of impacted maxillary canines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Radiographic records of 51 impacted maxillary canines in 44 patients (37 unilateral and 7 bilateral cases) were analyzed. Panoramic radiographic evaluations included sector classification, the α angle, and the d distance. The KPG index was used in CBCT assessments to determine impaction severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All imaging parameters showed high intra- and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.927; κ≥0.658; p<0.001). Significant associations were found between the panoramic radiographic parameters (sector, α angle, and d distance) and the CBCT-based KPG index, and between sector classification and buccopalatal position (p<0.05). Regarding treatment decisions, higher parameter values were significantly associated with the choice of surgical extraction (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated acceptable to excellent discriminatory ability for panoramic radiograph-based and CBCT-based parameters [area under the curve (AUC): 0.715 to 0.843], with no differences among the AUC values (p>0.05). A d distance ≥12.3 mm and an α angle ≥46.1° were identified as thresholds associated with the decision for surgical extraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Panoramic radiographic parameters demonstrated diagnostic concordance with CBCT, and their performance was comparable to CBCT-based assessment for treatment decisions. The identified 2D thresholds may serve as an effective first-line screening tool for identifying complex cases likely to require surgical extraction, signaling a level of severity at which the superior anatomical detail of CBCT is warranted for precise surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Oxidizable Substance Interaction Associated with Orthodontic Clear Aligners and an Acrylic Material: A Preliminary <i>in vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Merve Kurnaz, Bora İsmail Biren, Ataberk Kayhan, Gökhan Biçim, Sibel Biren, Yegane Güven","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.17","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2026.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the interactions of oxidizable substances associated with different orthodontic aligner materials using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, materials from three different clear-aligner manufacturers (SmartTrack, ClearQuartz, and Scheu Dental CA Pro+) and one acrylic block were used. The materials were mechanically fragmented and exposed to KMnO₄, a strong oxidizing agent. Potassium permanganate solutions were prepared at six concentrations (1.24 mM, 0.62 mM, 0.31 mM, 0.16 mM, 0.08 mM, 0.04 mM) to establish a calibration curve (R²=0.9999). Based on this calibration, 0.2 mM and 1 mM solutions were selected for the experimental phase. The color change was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 1, 4, and 24 hours to assess interactions with oxidizable substances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of oxidizable substances interacting with KMnO₄ was estimated in mM. Oxidizable substances were detected in all samples (Acrylic Block 0.0723 mM, ClearQuartz 0.0826 mM, Scheu Dental CA Pro+ 0.0584 mM, SmartTrack 0.0271 mM); however, the estimated levels of oxidizable-substance interaction varied among samples. The highest level was observed in ClearQuartz at 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orthodontic aligner materials exhibit varying levels of interaction with oxidizable substances, particularly during the first 24 hours. The method may serve as a simple preliminary screening tool. Future studies should investigate the composition of the released substances using more sensitive analytical methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condylar Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Maxillary Impacted Canines: A Panoramic Radiography Study.","authors":"Begüm Turan Maviş, Ahmet Yasin Aktaş","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.175","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between unilateral maxillary impacted canines (UMIC) and condylar morphology by comparing ipsilateral and contralateral condyles within affected individuals using panoramic radiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 364 patients with UMIC (169 with impacted right canines and 195 with impacted left canines). Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate mandibular condylar morphology. Condyles were classified into four categories (round, angled, flat, and pointed) and additionally dichotomized as round or non-round for binary comparisons. Paired ipsilateral and contralateral comparisons were performed using McNemar's test for binary outcomes with analyses stratified by age (<20 and ≥20 years). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-stratified McNemar analyses demonstrated no statistically significant side-related differences in binary condylar morphology (round vs. non-round) between ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the patients (p>0.05). Descriptive evaluations showed that round condylar morphology was less prevalent in patients aged ≥20 years, whereas angled and pointed morphologies were more frequently observed compared to those aged <20 years, on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the present findings, UMIC alone does not appear to be associated with side-specific differences in condylar morphology. Further studies using advanced three-dimensional imaging techniques are needed to better characterize condylar morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Functional Treatment and Orthognathic Surgery on Hyoid Bone Position Following Mandibular Advancement.","authors":"Fırat Oğuz, Handan Göze Oğuz, Turgay Karataş","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.188","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2026.2025.188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of functional orthopedic treatment and mandibular advancement induced by orthognathic surgery on hyoid bone position in individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion, relative to an untreated control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six individuals were divided into functional (n=20), surgical (n=16), and control groups (n=20). Lateral cephalometric images obtained at pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1) were analyzed using WebCeph software. The linear (aC2-H, aC3-H, aC4-H, S-H, N-H, ANS-PNS- H) and angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, Go-H-S, H-S-N, H-PNS-ANS) describing hyoid bone position were measured. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Intragroup changes were evaluated using paired tests, and post-hoc analyses were performed using Tukey honestly significant difference or Dunn-Bonferroni methods. Measurement reliability was confirmed (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.90).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T0, the orthognathic surgery group showed significantly higher aC2-H, aC3-H, aC4-H, S-H, N-H, and ANS-PNS-H measurements compared to the other groups (p<0.05), while angular variables did not differ significantly. At T1, intergroup differences in hyoid position were no longer significant (p>0.05). Intragroup analysis revealed significant increases in aC2-H, aC4-H, S-H, and N-H in the functional treatment group, whereas significant decreases in N-H, H-S-N, and H-PNS-ANS were observed in the orthognathic surgery group. Changes in the control group were minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional treatment resulted in anterior-inferior displacement of the hyoid bone, whereas orthognathic surgery predominantly induced superior displacement without significant anteroposterior change. Both treatment modalities improved mandibular skeletal relationships, while hyoid position remained largely stable in untreated individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}