Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Postural Balance, Cervical Lordosis and Neck Disability after Orthognathic Surgery.","authors":"Sinem İnce-Bingöl, Seçil Çubuk, Esra Beyler, Oya Ümit Yemişçi, Burak Bayram","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.52","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate changes in cervical lordosis, neck disability, and postural balance through static and dynamic tests in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who were treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 18 patients (mean age 23.3±5.4 years) with maxillary retrusion and mandibular prognathia were treated by bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Static and dynamic balance tests were recorded with the Kinesthetic Ability Trainer preoperatively (T1) and at least 2 months postoperatively (T2). Cervical lordosis angle (C2-C7) was evaluated with the posterior tangent method on the lateral cephalometric films taken at T1 and T2. Neck disability and pain were assessed through questionnaires at both time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up time was 5.8 months. The mean maxillary advancement was 4.0 mm at point A (p=0.001). The mean mandibular setback was 2.4 mm at point B (p=0.166). An 8.4 mm maxillomandibular correction was observed according to the Wits appraisal (p=0.001). Static and dynamic balance tests, cervical lordosis angle, neck disability, and pain revealed no significant change between T1 and T2. No statistically significant correlation was observed between surgical movements and changes in the cervical lordosis angle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orthognathic surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion, -primarily through maxillary advancement with less mandibular setback- did not lead to significant changes in cervical lordosis, neck disability, or postural balance as assessed through static and dynamic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 3","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face Mask versus Carrière Motion^® Class III Appliance: Comparison of Skeletal, Soft Tissue, and Dental Effects in Growing Individuals.","authors":"Melike Polat, Berza Yılmaz","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.98","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.98","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of the face mask and Carrière Motion^® III appliance in growing patients with Class III malocclusion associated with maxillary retrognathia. The null hypothesis was that both appliances, applied after rapid maxillary expansion, would have similar effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 26 patients aged 6-9 years, taken before (T0) and after treatment (T1). Cephalometric analyses were performed using Nemoceph^® software (NEMOTEC, Madrid, Spain). Statistical analyses were carried out with MedCalc version 12.7.7 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium) with significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SNA°, A-NasionPerp, and Co-A increased significantly in both groups, with no significant intergroup difference. Co-Gn, Wits, ANB°, S-N, and the articular angle also increased significantly in both groups. SNB° decreased significantly only in the Carrière Motion^® III group. Greater anterior maxillary rotation occurred with the face mask, while reduced rotation was observed with the Carrière Motion^® III. Lower facial height decreased slightly but significantly in the Carrière Motion^® III group, and increased in the face mask group. Overjet and molar relationship improved significantly in both groups. The UL-E line distance decreased in the face mask group, while the Carrière Motion^® III showed no significant soft tissue changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The null hypothesis was rejected. The two appliances had different effects; however, the Carrière Motion^® III proved effective for early Class III treatment and may be considered an alternative, particularly for patients with social concerns about extraoral traction.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 3","pages":"149-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital Compartment Stress Responses Related to Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Aybüke Ensarioğlu, Arzu Arı Demirkaya","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.61","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to use finite element analysis to evaluate the effects of acrylic HYRAX and hybrid HYRAX devices in the treatment of rapid maxillary expansion (RME), particularly on the orbital compartments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, a craniofacial model was developed utilizing computed tomography data obtained from the visible human project. A total of four distinct models were generated by designating the sutures in the adult variation as closed and those in the non-adult variation as open while incorporating both expansion devices into the model. Both acrylic and hybrid device models were subjected to expansion forces of 0.25 mm and 5 mm, yielding eight distinct scenarios for comprehensive analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant stress and displacement were observed, particularly around the orbital compartments in all scenarios. Displacement decreased with increased sutural ossification and the resulting stresses demonstrated elevation. In adult models, the hybrid device generated reduced stress, especially around the orbital compartments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these findings, it is proposed that the orbital compartments may serve as a clinically relevant site for measuring the increased intracranial pressure during RME treatment. To prevent possible side effects, RME should be performed at an early age, and if ossification is suspected to be increased, bone-supported expansion devices are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 3","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear Aligner Attachments: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Artun Yangın, Hasan Camcı, Mehmet Soybelli","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.7","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear aligner therapy has gained significant popularity in orthodontics due to its aesthetic advantages and patient comfort. However, achieving complex and precise tooth movements with aligners often necessitates the use of auxiliary features such as attachments. This review explores the biomechanical role of attachments in clear aligner therapy and evaluates their effectiveness in facilitating various orthodontic tooth movements, including rotation, extrusion, intrusion, torque, distalization, and arch expansion. Attachments serve as critical components for enhancing force delivery, ensuring aligner retention, and improving the predictability of tooth movement. The morphology, quantity, and positioning of attachments have a direct impact on movement efficiency, patient comfort, and overall treatment success. The article highlights the importance of selecting appropriate attachment shapes (such as rectangular, ellipsoidal, or optimized designs) based on the intended movement. It emphasizes the relevance of strategic placement relative to the tooth's center of resistance. Furthermore, for cases requiring complex or combined movements, strategies such as phased treatment planning and the use of multiple or combined attachments are discussed. While optimized attachments have shown biomechanical advantages in some movements, clinical studies suggest that in many instances, their superiority over conventional attachments is not statistically significant, leaving the choice of design largely to clinician preference. This review underscores the necessity of individualized attachment planning to optimize biomechanics and improve treatment outcomes in aligner-based orthodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 3","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Light and Vibration on the Correction of Lower Incisor Crowding with Aligners.","authors":"Mustafa Özcan, Didem Nalbantgil","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.99","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of low-frequency vibration (LFV), photobiomodulation (PBM), and their combination (HOT) on the rate of mandibular incisor alignment during clear aligner therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 89 patients treated with a single clear aligner system for mild-to-moderate mandibular anterior crowding. Patients were assigned to four groups: control (n=19), LFV (n=26), PBM (n=21), and HOT (n=23). LFV [30 Hz, 0.25 N (≈25 g)] and PBM (850 nm, 16×5 mm LEDs, ≈9.5 J/cm²) devices were used daily for 20 minutes in relevant groups. The primary outcome was the change in Little's Irregularity Index at baseline (T0), 28 days (T1), 48 days (T2), and 62 days (T3). Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HOT group showed significantly greater crowding reduction compared to all other groups (p<0.05). LFV and PBM alone were not significantly different from the control. Within-group analysis revealed significant reductions in all groups over time, with the HOT group showing consistent improvements at each interval. Correlation analyses revealed no significant associations between device usage or aligner wear time and crowding reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining LFV and PBM during clear aligner therapy produced greater short-term acceleration of mandibular incisor alignment than either modality alone. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 3","pages":"170-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12485652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does LeFort I Surgery Have Any Influence on External Root Resorption?","authors":"Ellen Kim, Ahmed A Alsulaiman, Michael J Gunson, Leslie A Will, Marianne Saade, Melih Motro","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.135","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of our study was to evaluate root resorption on maxillary teeth neighboring osteotomy sites in response to segmental LeFort I osteotomy over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen subjects, aged 18 to 65 years with pre-surgery (T0), post-surgery (T1), and long-term follow-up (T2) CBCT records were included. Sixteen control subjects, aged 17.67 to 62.33 years, with pre-treatment (T0), progress (T1), and long-term progress orthodontic (T2) CBCT records were also used. Maxillary central incisor, canine, and first molar roots were segmented. The volume, surface area, and root length changes were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and mean differences across follow-up periods. Significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surgical group had an overall increase in the amount of root resorption in all time comparisons and variables with significance (p<0.05) in length, volume, and surface area. When comparing mean differences between the control and surgical groups, no significant differences were observed except for a few variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LeFort I segmental osteotomy in conjunction with orthodontic treatment, induces root resorption. However, except for a few variables, the differences compared to orthodontic treatment alone are not statistically significant. Moreover, these findings are clinically insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 2","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Method (FEM) Analysis of Dentoskeletal Changes on Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)-Assisted Mandibular Advancement.","authors":"Nazleen Valerie Vas, Navaneethan Ramasamy, Sruthi Harikrishnan, Karthikeyan Ramalingam, Marco Di Blasio, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.105","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) enhance the efficiency of fixed functional appliances (FFAs) by providing stable anchorage, improving skeletal and dental corrections, optimizing vertical control, and enhancing treatment outcomes for Class II and III malocclusions. TADs also help prevent the proclination of the lower incisors and the distalization of the molars, which are commonly observed with FFAs lacking skeletal anchorage. This study aims to analyze the displacement and stress distribution patterns generated in craniofacial structures and dentition using conjoined implants and intermaxillary elastics for growth modification in growing Class II patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finite element analysis was conducted using cone-beam computed tomography data from an 11-year-old patient with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Mini-implants and miniplates were designed and assembled in SolidWorks, meshed using HyperMesh, and analyzed in Abaqus 6.14 to evaluate stress and displacement patterns under a 450 g orthopedic force applied via Class II elastics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the mandible, the highest principal and von Mises stresses were observed on the posterior surface of the ramus, whereas in the maxilla, stress concentrations were noted lateral to the nasal aperture. Additional stress concentrations were identified in the region posterior to the glenoid fossa. The mandible was displaced anteroinferiorly as a whole, while the maxilla exhibited posterosuperior displacement. Dental movements included maxillary expansion with intrusion of the anterior teeth, and anterior displacement of the mandibular dentition, primarily resulting from bodily movement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of Class II elastics in combination with Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) produces greater stress and displacement in skeletal structures compared to the dentition. As a result, this treatment approach is more likely to produce substantial skeletal changes than dental alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 2","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Camouflage Treatment with Class III Elastics on Temporomandibular Joint and Dentoskeletal Relationships: A Pilot CBCT and MRI-Based Clinical Trial.","authors":"Panjaree Panpitakkul, Teekayu Plangkoon Jorns, Warinthorn Phuttharak, Rajda Chaichit, Pipop Sutthiprapaporn","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.153","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2024.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Orthodontic camouflage effectively addresses mild to moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion by repositioning the mandible and anterior teeth. However, recent findings suggest potential temporomandibular joint (TMJ) impact of the intermaxillary elastics frequently used in this treatment. This study aims to comprehensively assess changes in the TMJ and dentoskeletal relationship following Class III camouflage treatment, using a combination of CBCT and MRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial enrolled skeletal Class III malocclusion patients meeting eligibility criteria. Non-extraction camouflage treatment was administered, employing the straight wire technique with conventional Class III intermaxillary elastics. CBCT and MRI were conducted at baseline (T0) and after achieving normal occlusion (T1). Condylar position in three dimensions and dentoskeletal relationship were assessed from CBCT images using Dolphin^® imaging software, while TMJ disc position and length were measured from MR images using MicroDicom software. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM^® SPSS^® software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dataset comprised nine subjects, with a mean age of 24.3±7.0 years. CBCT analyses indicated significant changes in dentoskeletal relationship, especially those of the mandible (increased ANB 2.32±0.51°, increased SN-MP 2.61±1.05°, decreased profile angle 5.40±1.07°), but nonsignificant changes in condylar position post-treatment (0.11±0.15 mm). Similarly, MRI measurements demonstrated non-significant changes in both position (0.91±1.61°) and length (0.07±0.37 mm) of the articular disc post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Class III camouflage treatment using conventional intermaxillary elastics significantly improves the dentoskeletal relationship without significant adverse effects on the condyle and articular disc of the TMJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 2","pages":"116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-Dimensional Evaluation of Enamel Thickness to Guide Orthodontic Interproximal Reduction: A CBCT-Based Study Across Gender and Ethnicity.","authors":"Ezgi Cansu Fırıncıoğulları, Aslıhan Ertan Erdinç, Sercan Akyalçın","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.36","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore variations in enamel thickness to provide guidelines for optimal interproximal enamel reduction in an untreated population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CBCT scans of 100 orthodontic patients (51 Caucasian, 49 patients of Somalian descent; aged (12-18) were analyzed retrospectively. Enamel thickness was measured at the mesial and distal contact points of teeth from the second molar to the central incisor in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Linear mixed models were employed to assess the effects of ethnicity, gender, anterior-posterior region, and mesial-distal proximal surfaces on enamel thickness. Fixed effects were estimated using the Kenward-Roger method, and a random intercept with an unstructured covariance matrix was included to account for within-subject variability. Ethnicity-specific residual variances were also modeled. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enamel thickness varied significantly between Caucasians and Somalians in both the maxilla and mandible (p<0.001), with greater thickness observed in Caucasians. Gender-related differences were minimal; however, in the maxilla, distal surfaces of posterior teeth had greater enamel thickness in females compared to males (p=0.0478). Enamel thickness was consistently greater on distal surfaces of posterior teeth (p<0.001), while no significant differences were observed between mesial and distal surfaces in anterior teeth (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Posterior teeth, particularly distal proximal surfaces of premolars and molars hold a great potential for enamel reduction, offering clinicians the most optimal site in orthodontic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 2","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Mandibular Growth.","authors":"Nearchos Panayi, Apostolos Tsolakis, Dimitrios Konstantonis, Ioannis Tsolakis, Maria Kouri, Georgia Kotantoula, Ismene A Dontas","doi":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.33","DOIUrl":"10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2025.2025.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by insufficient insulin production or utilization. Affecting approximately 8.5% of adults globally, diabetes is categorized primarily into Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Diabetes markedly impacts bone health, particularly affecting the growth and development of the mandible. Key alterations include impaired bone metabolism leading to diminished bone density and strength. Additionally, diabetes impairs bone healing processes, often exacerbated by deficiencies in vitamin D, thus increasing fracture risks. Understanding the interplay between diabetes and mandibular growth is essential for effective dental treatment planning and patient management. Importantly, the condition also alters essential growth factors and local blood supply to the mandibular region, compromising overall growth. Impaired bone healing and formation also affects orthodontic treatment in diabetic patients. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies examining diabetes's long-term impact on mandibular development, exploring genetic predispositions and biomechanical properties. Understanding these mechanisms will facilitate more effective clinical strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of diabetes on bone health and optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37013,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"38 2","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}