European Radiology Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Time-of-flight MRA of intracranial vessels at 7 T.","authors":"Mirco Cosottini, Tommaso Calzoni, Guido Andrea Lazzarotti, Alessandro Grigolini, Paolo Bosco, Paolo Cecchi, Michela Tosetti, Laura Biagi, Graziella Donatelli","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00463-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00463-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is a largely adopted non-invasive technique for assessing cerebrovascular diseases. We aimed to optimize the 7-T TOF-MRA acquisition protocol, confirm that it outperforms conventional 3-T TOF-MRA, and compare 7-T TOF-MRA with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with different vascular pathologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven-tesla TOF-MRA sequences with different spatial resolutions acquired in four healthy subjects were compared with 3-T TOF-MRA for signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios as well as using a qualitative scale for vessel visibility and the quantitative Canny algorithm. Four patients with cerebrovascular disease (primary arteritis of the central nervous system, saccular aneurism, arteriovenous malformation, and dural arteriovenous fistula) underwent optimized 7-T TOF-MRA and DSA as reference. Images were compared visually and using the complex-wavelet structural similarity index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrast-to-noise ratio was higher at 7 T (4.5 ± 0.8 (mean ± standard deviation)) than at 3 T (2.7 ± 0.9). The mean quality score for all intracranial vessels was higher at 7 T (2.89) than at 3 T (2.28). Angiogram quality demonstrated a better vessel border detection at 7 T than at 3 T (44,166 versus 28,720 pixels). Of 32 parameters used for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases on DSA, 27 (84%) were detected on 7-T TOF-MRA; the similarity index ranged from 0.52 (dural arteriovenous fistula) to 0.90 (saccular aneurysm).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seven-tesla TOF-MRA outperformed conventional 3-T TOF-MRA in evaluating intracranial vessels and exhibited an excellent image quality when compared to DSA. Seven-tesla TOF-MRA might improve the non-invasive diagnostic approach to several cerebrovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>An optimized TOF-MRA sequence at 7 T outperforms 3-T TOF-MRA, opening perspectives to its clinical use for noninvasive diagnosis of paradigmatic pathologies of intracranial vessels.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• An optimized 7-T TOF-MRA protocol was selected for comparison with clinical 3-T TOF-MRA for assessing intracranial vessels. • Seven-tesla TOF-MRA outperformed 3-T TOF-MRA in both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. • Seven-tesla TOF-MRA is comparable to DSA for the diagnosis and characterization of intracranial vascular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11156832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-efficient combined morphologic and quantitative joint MRI: an in situ study of standardized knee cartilage defects in human cadaveric specimens.","authors":"Teresa Lemainque, Nicola Pridöhl, Shuo Zhang, Marc Huppertz, Manuel Post, Can Yüksel, Masami Yoneyama, Andreas Prescher, Christiane Kuhl, Daniel Truhn, Sven Nebelung","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00462-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00462-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative techniques such as T2 and T1ρ mapping allow evaluating the cartilage and meniscus. We evaluated multi-interleaved X-prepared turbo-spin echo with intuitive relaxometry (MIXTURE) sequences with turbo spin-echo (TSE) contrast and additional parameter maps versus reference TSE sequences in an in situ model of human cartilage defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standardized cartilage defects of 8, 5, and 3 mm in diameter were created in the lateral femora of ten human cadaveric knee specimens (81 ± 10 years old; nine males, one female). MIXTURE sequences providing proton density-weighted fat-saturated images and T2 maps or T1-weighted images and T1ρ maps as well as the corresponding two- and three-dimensional TSE reference sequences were acquired before and after defect creation (3-T scanner; knee coil). Defect delineability, bone texture, and cartilage relaxation times were quantified. Appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, defect delineability and texture features were not significantly different between the MIXTURE and reference sequences (p ≤ 0.47). After defect creation, relaxation times significantly increased in the central femur (T2_pre = 51 ± 4 ms [mean ± standard deviation] versus T2_post = 56 ± 4 ms; p = 0.002) and all regions combined (T1ρ_pre = 40 ± 4 ms versus T1ρ_post = 43 ± 4 ms; p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MIXTURE permitted time-efficient simultaneous morphologic and quantitative joint assessment based on clinical image contrasts. While providing T2 or T1ρ maps in clinically feasible scan time, morphologic image features, i.e., cartilage defects and bone texture, were comparable between MIXTURE and reference sequences.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>Equally time-efficient and versatile, the MIXTURE sequence platform combines morphologic imaging using familiar contrasts, excellent image correspondence versus corresponding reference sequences and quantitative mapping information, thereby increasing the diagnostic value beyond mere morphology.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Combined morphologic and quantitative MIXTURE sequences are based on three-dimensional TSE contrasts. • MIXTURE sequences were studied in an in situ human cartilage defect model. • Morphologic image features, i.e., defect delineabilty and bone texture, were investigated. • Morphologic image features were similar between MIXTURE and reference sequences. • MIXTURE allowed time-efficient simultaneous morphologic and quantitative knee joint assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and prospects in deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI): a systematic review of in vivo studies.","authors":"Feng Pan, Xinjie Liu, Jiayu Wan, Yusheng Guo, Peng Sun, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jiazheng Wang, Qingjia Bao, Lian Yang","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00464-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00464-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive technique for studying metabolism in vivo. This review aims to summarize the current developments and discuss the futures in DMI technique in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 statement by two authors. Specific technical details and potential applications of DMI in vivo were summarized, including strategies of deuterated metabolites detection, deuterium-labeled tracers and corresponding metabolic pathways in vivo, potential clinical applications, routes of tracer administration, quantitative evaluations of metabolisms, and spatial resolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2,248 articles initially retrieved, 34 were finally included, highlighting 2 strategies for detecting deuterated metabolites: direct and indirect DMI. Various deuterated tracers (e.g., [6,6'-²H2]glucose, [2,2,2'-²H3]acetate) were utilized in DMI to detect and quantify different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. The quantifications (e.g., lactate level, lactate/glutamine and glutamate ratio) hold promise for diagnosing malignancies and assessing early anti-tumor treatment responses. Tracers can be administered orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally, either through bolus administration or continuous infusion. For metabolic quantification, both serial time point methods (including kinetic analysis and calculation of area under the curves) and single time point quantifications are viable. However, insufficient spatial resolution remains a major challenge in DMI (e.g., 3.3-mL spatial resolution with 10-min acquisition at 3 T).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhancing spatial resolution can facilitate the clinical translation of DMI. Furthermore, optimizing tracer synthesis, administration protocols, and quantification methodologies will further enhance their clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>Deuterium metabolic imaging, a promising non-invasive technique, is systematically discussed in this review for its current progression, limitations, and future directions in studying in vivo energetic metabolism, displaying a relevant clinical potential.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) shows promise for studying in vivo energetic metabolism. • This review explores DMI's current state, limits, and future research directions comprehensively. • The clinical translation of DMI is mainly impeded by limitations in spatial resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic gadolinium in the Tone River (Japan): an update showing a 7.7-fold increase from 1996 to 2020.","authors":"Soma Kumasaka, A Adhipatria P Kartamihardja, Yuka Kumasaka, Satomi Kameo, Hiroshi Koyama, Yoshito Tsushima","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00460-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00460-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), originating from Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is widely identified in the aquatic environment with concerns about toxicity and accumulation. We aimed to present new data on anthropogenic Gd in the Tone River, which has the largest drainage area in Japan, and then to compare the current data with those obtained in 1996.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The water samples were collected on August 9-10, 2020, at 15 different locations of the Tone River in Japan. The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale to construct shale-normalized REE patterns. The degree of Gd-anomaly was defined as the percentage of anthropogenic Gd to the geogenic background and used to compare the water samples from different locations. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the samples displayed positive Gd anomalies. The Gd-anomaly ranged from 121 to 6,545% and displayed a repeating decrease-and-increase trend. The Gd-anomaly showed strong positive correlations to the number of hospitals (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and their MRI units (r = 0.89; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed notable anomalies of Gd concentrations in river water in Japan, with strong positive correlations to the number of major hospitals and their MRI units. Compared with the previous report in 2000, the Gd-anomaly in Tone River increased from 851% (sampled in 1996) to 6,545%, i.e., 7.7 times, reflecting the increased use of GBCAs in hospitals.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>Notable Gd concentration anomalies in river water in Japan were observed. This result underlines the importance of more extensive research on anthropogenic gadolinium, and investigations of risks to human health as well as the development of effective removal technologies may be necessary.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• All water samples from Tone River displayed positive Gd anomalies. • The Gd anomalies increased to 7.7 times higher over the past 24 years. • Correlations between Gd values and the number of hospitals and MRI units were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11116359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium quantification in skeletal muscle: comparison between Cartesian gradient-echo and radial ultra-short echo time ²³Na MRI techniques.","authors":"Teresa Gerhalter, Felix Schilling, Nour Zeitouni, Peter Linz, Pierre-Yves Baudin, Dennis Kannenkeril, Christoph Kopp, Anke Dahlmann, Roland Schmieder, Michael Uder, Armin M Nagel, Lena V Gast","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00461-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00461-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies often use Cartesian gradient-echo (GRE) sequences with ~2-ms echo times (TEs) to monitor apparent total sodium concentration (aTSC). We compared Cartesian GRE and ultra-short echo time three-dimensional (3D) radial-readout sequences for measuring skeletal muscle aTSC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 211 datasets from 112 volunteers aged 62.3 ± 12.1 years (mean ± standard deviation), acquired at 3 T from the lower leg. For ²³Na MRI acquisitions, we used a two-dimensional Cartesian GRE sequence and a density-adapted 3D radial readout sequence with cuboid field-of-view (DA-3D-RAD-C). We calibrated the ²³Na MR signal using reference tubes either with or without agarose and subsequently performed a relaxation correction. Additionally, we employed a six-echo ¹H GRE sequence and a multi-echo spin-echo sequence to calculate proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and water T2. Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cohen d_z for paired samples, and Spearman correlation were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relaxation correction effectively reduced the differences in muscle aTSC between the two acquisition and calibration methods (DA-3D-RAD-C using NaCl/agarose references: 20.05 versus 19.14 mM; d_z = 0.395; Cartesian GRE using NaCl/agarose references: 19.50 versus 18.82 mM; d_z = 0.427). Both aTSC of the DA-3D-RAD-C and Cartesian GRE acquisitions showed a small but significant correlation with PDFF as well as with water T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different ²³Na MRI acquisition and calibration approaches affect aTSC values. Applying relaxation correction is advised to minimize the impact of sequence parameters on quantification, and considering additional fat correction is advisable for patients with increased fat fractions.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>This study highlights relaxation correction's role in improving sodium MRI accuracy, paving the way for better disease assessment and comparability of measured sodium signal in patients.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Differences in MRI acquisition methods hamper the comparability of sodium MRI measurements. • Measured sodium values depend on used MRI sequences and calibration method. • Relaxation correction during postprocessing mitigates these discrepancies. • Thus, relaxation correction enhances accuracy of sodium MRI, aiding its clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11109078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of emphysema on AI software and human reader performance in lung nodule detection from low-dose chest CT.","authors":"Nikos Sourlos, GertJan Pelgrim, Hendrik Joost Wisselink, Xiaofei Yang, Gonda de Jonge, Mieneke Rook, Mathias Prokop, Grigory Sidorenkov, Marcel van Tuinen, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Peter M A van Ooijen","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00459-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00459-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emphysema influences the appearance of lung tissue in computed tomography (CT). We evaluated whether this affects lung nodule detection by artificial intelligence (AI) and human readers (HR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals were selected from the \"Lifelines\" cohort who had undergone low-dose chest CT. Nodules in individuals without emphysema were matched to similar-sized nodules in individuals with at least moderate emphysema. AI results for nodular findings of 30-100 mm³ and 101-300 mm³ were compared to those of HR; two expert radiologists blindly reviewed discrepancies. Sensitivity and false positives (FPs)/scan were compared for emphysema and non-emphysema groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine participants with and 82 without emphysema were included (n = 121, aged 61 ± 8 years (mean ± standard deviation), 58/121 males (47.9%)). AI and HR detected 196 and 206 nodular findings, respectively, yielding 109 concordant nodules and 184 discrepancies, including 118 true nodules. For AI, sensitivity was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.57-0.77) in emphysema versus 0.71 (0.62-0.78) in non-emphysema, with FPs/scan 0.51 and 0.22, respectively (p = 0.028). For HR, sensitivity was 0.76 (0.65-0.84) and 0.80 (0.72-0.86), with FPs/scan of 0.15 and 0.27 (p = 0.230). Overall sensitivity was slightly higher for HR than for AI, but this difference disappeared after the exclusion of benign lymph nodes. FPs/scan were higher for AI in emphysema than in non-emphysema (p = 0.028), while FPs/scan for HR were higher than AI for 30-100 mm³ nodules in non-emphysema (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI resulted in more FPs/scan in emphysema compared to non-emphysema, a difference not observed for HR.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>In the creation of a benchmark dataset to validate AI software for lung nodule detection, the inclusion of emphysema cases is important due to the additional number of FPs.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• The sensitivity of nodule detection by AI was similar in emphysema and non-emphysema. • AI had more FPs/scan in emphysema compared to non-emphysema. • Sensitivity and FPs/scan by the human reader were comparable for emphysema and non-emphysema. • Emphysema and non-emphysema representation in benchmark dataset is important for validating AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrieval-augmented chatbot based on GPT-4 provides appropriate differential diagnosis in gastrointestinal radiology: a proof of concept study.","authors":"Stephan Rau, Alexander Rau, Johanna Nattenmüller, Anna Fink, Fabian Bamberg, Marco Reisert, Maximilian F Russe","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00457-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00457-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated the potential of an imaging-aware GPT-4-based chatbot in providing diagnoses based on imaging descriptions of abdominal pathologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing zero-shot learning via the LlamaIndex framework, GPT-4 was enhanced using the 96 documents from the Radiographics Top 10 Reading List on gastrointestinal imaging, creating a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB). To assess its diagnostic capability, 50 cases on a variety of abdominal pathologies were created, comprising radiological findings in fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT. We compared the GIA-CB to the generic GPT-4 chatbot (g-CB) in providing the primary and 2 additional differential diagnoses, using interpretations from senior-level radiologists as ground truth. The trustworthiness of the GIA-CB was evaluated by investigating the source documents as provided by the knowledge-retrieval mechanism. Mann-Whitney U test was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GIA-CB demonstrated a high capability to identify the most appropriate differential diagnosis in 39/50 cases (78%), significantly surpassing the g-CB in 27/50 cases (54%) (p = 0.006). Notably, the GIA-CB offered the primary differential in the top 3 differential diagnoses in 45/50 cases (90%) versus g-CB with 37/50 cases (74%) (p = 0.022) and always with appropriate explanations. The median response time was 29.8 s for GIA-CB and 15.7 s for g-CB, and the mean cost per case was $0.15 and $0.02, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The GIA-CB not only provided an accurate diagnosis for gastrointestinal pathologies, but also direct access to source documents, providing insight into the decision-making process, a step towards trustworthy and explainable AI. Integrating context-specific data into AI models can support evidence-based clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>A context-aware GPT-4 chatbot demonstrates high accuracy in providing differential diagnoses based on imaging descriptions, surpassing the generic GPT-4. It provided formulated rationale and source excerpts supporting the diagnoses, thus enhancing trustworthy decision-support.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Knowledge retrieval enhances differential diagnoses in a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB). • GIA-CB outperformed the generic counterpart, providing formulated rationale and source excerpts. • GIA-CB has the potential to pave the way for AI-assisted decision support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the volume of penumbra in rodents using DTI and stack-based ensemble machine learning framework.","authors":"Duen-Pang Kuo, Yung-Chieh Chen, Yi-Tien Li, Sho-Jen Cheng, Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh, Po-Chih Kuo, Chen-Yin Ou, Cheng-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00455-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in identifying penumbral volume (PV) compared to the standard gadolinium-required perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM), utilizing a stack-based ensemble machine learning (ML) approach with enhanced explainability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The penumbra was identified using PDM at 30 and 90 min after occlusion. We used 11 DTI-derived metrics and 14 distance-based features to train five voxel-wise ML models. The model predictions were integrated using stack-based ensemble techniques. ML-estimated and PDM-defined PVs were compared to evaluate model performance through volume similarity assessment, the Pearson correlation analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis. Feature importance was determined for explainability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the test rats, the ML-estimated median PV was 106.4 mL (interquartile range 44.6-157.3 mL), whereas the PDM-defined median PV was 102.0 mL (52.1-144.9 mL). These PVs had a volume similarity of 0.88 (0.79-0.96), a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93 (p < 0.001), and a Bland-Altman bias of 2.5 mL (2.4% of the mean PDM-defined PV), with 95% limits of agreement ranging from -44.9 to 49.9 mL. Among the features used for PV prediction, the mean diffusivity was the most important feature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study confirmed that PV can be estimated using DTI metrics with a stack-based ensemble ML approach, yielding results comparable to the volume defined by the standard PDM. The model explainability enhanced its clinical relevance. Human studies are warranted to validate our findings.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>The proposed DTI-based ML model can estimate PV without the need for contrast agent administration, offering a valuable option for patients with kidney dysfunction. It also can serve as an alternative if perfusion map interpretation fails in the clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Penumbral volume can be estimated by DTI combined with stack-based ensemble ML. • Mean diffusivity was the most important feature used for predicting penumbral volume. • The proposed approach can be beneficial for patients with kidney dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11093947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explanation and Elaboration with Examples for CLEAR (CLEAR-E3): an EuSoMII Radiomics Auditing Group Initiative.","authors":"Burak Kocak, Alessandra Borgheresi, Andrea Ponsiglione, Anna E Andreychenko, Armando Ugo Cavallo, Arnaldo Stanzione, Fabio M Doniselli, Federica Vernuccio, Matthaios Triantafyllou, Roberto Cannella, Romina Trotta, Samuele Ghezzo, Tugba Akinci D'Antonoli, Renato Cuocolo","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00471-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00471-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overall quality of radiomics research has been reported as low in literature, which constitutes a major challenge to improve. Consistent, transparent, and accurate reporting is critical, which can be accomplished with systematic use of reporting guidelines. The CheckList for EvaluAtion of Radiomics research (CLEAR) was previously developed to assist authors in reporting their radiomic research and to assist reviewers in their evaluation. To take full advantage of CLEAR, further explanation and elaboration of each item, as well as literature examples, may be useful. The main goal of this work, Explanation and Elaboration with Examples for CLEAR (CLEAR-E3), is to improve CLEAR's usability and dissemination. In this international collaborative effort, members of the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics-Radiomics Auditing Group searched radiomics literature to identify representative reporting examples for each CLEAR item. At least two examples, demonstrating optimal reporting, were presented for each item. All examples were selected from open-access articles, allowing users to easily consult the corresponding full-text articles. In addition to these, each CLEAR item's explanation was further expanded and elaborated. For easier access, the resulting document is available at https://radiomic.github.io/CLEAR-E3/ . As a complementary effort to CLEAR, we anticipate that this initiative will assist authors in reporting their radiomics research with greater ease and transparency, as well as editors and reviewers in reviewing manuscripts.Relevance statement Along with the original CLEAR checklist, CLEAR-E3 is expected to provide a more in-depth understanding of the CLEAR items, as well as concrete examples for reporting and evaluating radiomic research.Key points• As a complementary effort to CLEAR, this international collaborative effort aims to assist authors in reporting their radiomics research, as well as editors and reviewers in reviewing radiomics manuscripts.• Based on positive examples from the literature selected by the EuSoMII Radiomics Auditing Group, each CLEAR item explanation was further elaborated in CLEAR-E3.• The resulting explanation and elaboration document with examples can be accessed at  https://radiomic.github.io/CLEAR-E3/ .</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chondrosarcoma evaluation using hematein-based x-ray staining and high-resolution 3D micro-CT: a feasibility study.","authors":"Alexandra S Gersing, Melanie A Kimm, Christine Bollwein, Patrick Ilg, Carolin Mogler, Felix G Gassert, Georg C Feuerriegel, Carolin Knebel, Klaus Woertler, Daniela Pfeiffer, Madleen Busse, Franz Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1186/s41747-024-00454-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41747-024-00454-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chondrosarcomas are rare malignant bone tumors diagnosed by analyzing radiological images and histology of tissue biopsies and evaluating features such as matrix calcification, cortical destruction, trabecular penetration, and tumor cell entrapment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 16 cartilaginous tumor tissue samples from three patients (51-, 54-, and 70-year-old) diagnosed with a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma at the femur, a moderately differentiated chondrosarcoma in the pelvis, and a predominantly moderately differentiated chondrosarcoma at the scapula, respectively. We combined a hematein-based x-ray staining with high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) microscopic x-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) for nondestructive 3D tumor assessment and tumor margin evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected trabecular entrapment on 3D micro-CT images and followed bone destruction throughout the volume. In addition to staining cell nuclei, hematein-based staining also improved the visualization of the tumor matrix, allowing for the distinction between the tumor and the bone marrow cavity. The hematein-based staining did not interfere with further conventional histology. There was a 5.97 ± 7.17% difference between the relative tumor area measured using micro-CT and histopathology (p = 0.806) (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.92, p = 0.009). Signal intensity in the tumor matrix (4.85 ± 2.94) was significantly higher in the stained samples compared to the unstained counterparts (1.92 ± 0.11, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using nondestructive 3D micro-CT, the simultaneous visualization of radiological and histopathological features is feasible.</p><p><strong>Relevance statement: </strong>3D micro-CT data supports modern radiological and histopathological investigations of human bone tumor specimens. It has the potential for being an integrative part of clinical preoperative diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>• Matrix calcifications are a relevant diagnostic feature of bone tumors. • Micro-CT detects all clinically diagnostic relevant features of x-ray-stained chondrosarcoma. • Micro-CT has the potential to be an integrative part of clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":36926,"journal":{"name":"European Radiology Experimental","volume":"8 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}