Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Social Vulnerability Predictors of Acute Care: Leveraging Health Information Exchange Data to Understand Social Determinants at the Census Tract Level in a Correlational Study","authors":"Karen L. Pellegrin,&nbsp;Tanner B. Barbour,&nbsp;Alicia J. Lozano,&nbsp;Alexandra L. Hanlon","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71257","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While geographic social vulnerability is a known predictor of acute care utilization, it is not known which specific vulnerabilities are the best predictors. This is particularly important in rural areas where there are significant disparities. The purpose of this study was to identify social vulnerability predictors of acute care utilization across and within rural counties in Hawaiʻi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This correlational study examined counts of emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient (IP) admissions for any reason by census tract obtained from Hawaiʻi Health Information Exchange for rural counties in Hawaiʻi. The overall Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), SVI subthemes, and individual measures that comprise the composites were used as measures of social vulnerability for each census tract. Regression models analyzed counts per population, after adjustments for missing data, where the response variable represents the number of events occurring. Each outcome (number of ED or IP visits) was regressed on a single predictor of social vulnerability for each county and for all counties combined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across counties, the largest significant effect associated with acute care utilization was overall social vulnerability (ED: IRR = 5.72, 95% CI = 5.55–5.89; IP: IRR = 5.76, 95% CI = 5.42–6.12). The largest effect within Kauaʻi County was Racial and Ethnic Minority Status (ED: IRR = 5.38, 95% CI = 5.13–5.64; IP: IRR = 6.30, 95% CI = 5.64–7.03), within Maui County was Housing Type and Transportation (ED: IRR = 6.72, 95% CI = 6.37–7.1; IP: IRR = 4.46, 95% CI = 3.99–5), and within Hawaiʻi County was Household Characteristics for ED (IRR = 11.50, 95% CI = 10.91–12.12) and No High School Diploma for IP (IRR = 6.33, 95% CI = 5.79–6.93).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social vulnerability is a significant predictor of acute care utilization across rural areas in Hawaiʻi. The strongest predictors were different for each county.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcification in Non-Contrast Non ECG-Gated Chest CT Scan of Patients With Significant Stenosis in Conventional Angiography in Comparison to Patients Without Significant Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Iman Abbaspour,&nbsp;Hoda Asefi,&nbsp;Abbas Soleimani,&nbsp;Golnaz Moradi,&nbsp;Samira Mirzaei","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronary artery disease is a main cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to reduce the burden of the disease. Correlation between coronary artery calcification in non-contrast non-ECG gated chest CT scan and conventional angiographic findings could be a helpful guide for risk assessment and the need for angiographic evaluation in patients with coronary artery calcification in non-contrast chest CT scan applied for other reasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the cardiology department of Sina hospital and patients who underwent angiographic study between march 2020 and april 2021 with recent non-contrast non ECG-gated chest CT scan were selected. patients with coronary stent and history of CABG were excluded and angiographic findings, prevalence, diameter and pattern of coronary artery calcification in CT scan was studied in the selected patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of calcification in patients with significant stenosis was 94% and was significantly higher than patients without significant stenosis with prevalence of 46% (<i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001). Calcification length and area in patients with significant stenosis was 67.1 and 218.4 mm² and was significantly higher than patients without stenosis with length and area of 15.8 mm and 236.3 mm² (<i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001). there was meaningful correlation between length and area of calcification with maximum stenosis percentage seen in angiographic study (Pearson correlation: 0.61, 0.57).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence and extent of CAC on non-contrast, non-ECG-gated chest CT scans are correlated with significant coronary artery stenosis on angiography. These findings suggest that CAC assessment on routine chest CT scans can be used as a criterion for risk stratification and determining the need for angiographic evaluation to rule out significant stenosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Video-Enhanced Face-to-Face Training and Traditional Verbal Instruction for Anxiety Management in Angiography Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Maryam Kiali,&nbsp;Nahid Zarifsanaiey,&nbsp;Mitra Amini","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients undergoing angiography often experience heightened anxiety, which can adversely affect procedural outcomes. This study compared the efficacy of video-assisted face-to-face training versus conventional verbal instruction in reducing anxiety among angiography patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was employed at a Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS)-affiliated hospital (April 2023–December 2023). Of 180 initially enrolled patients, 174 were randomized into two groups: video-assisted face-to-face training (intervention, <i>n</i> = 87) or verbal instruction (control, <i>n</i> = 87). The intervention group received a structured 10-min educational video (accessible via TV and mobile devices) followed by face-to-face discussions with a nurse, while the control group received standard verbal instructions. Anxiety was measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 day before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using independent-samples <i>t</i>-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and effect sizes (Cohen's <i>d</i>), with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower state anxiety scores (mean ± SD: 34.15 ± 7.72) compared to the control group (mean ± SD: 39.85 ± 9.87), (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.64). Both groups showed significant within-group anxiety reduction (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Demographic analysis revealed that higher education levels, employment status, and income were associated with lower anxiety (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005), whereas underlying diseases correlated only with pre-intervention anxiety (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Video-assisted face-to-face training was more effective than verbal instruction in reducing pre-angiography anxiety, with a moderate clinical effect. Demographic factors influenced outcomes, suggesting tailored educational approaches may optimize anxiety management in high-risk subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Algorithms for Adverse Drug Reactions Prediction and Identifying Its Determinants Among HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, in Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Mequanente Dagnaw,&nbsp;Addis Belayneh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71306","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Harmful and unexpected reactions to drugs given at standard dosages using the appropriate administration technique for the goals of therapy, diagnosis, or prevention are known as adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Every medicine has the potential to produce both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. Information regarding the timing of adverse drug reactions and their predictors in adults is not well addressed regarding time and various predictor variables, including the study area, even though three separate studies on the adverse drug reactions of adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been conducted in Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To predict adverse drug reactions in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral medication in the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital using machine learning algorithms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using institution-based secondary data, patients receiving antiretroviral medication at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital between January 11, 2018, and January 10, 2023, were examined. Patient data was extracted from the electronic database using a methodical checklist, and it was then imported into Python version three for pre-processing and analysis. Then, seven machine learning algorithms for supervised classification were trained to create models. The prediction models were evaluated using F1-score, AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Association rule mining was used to determine the best rule for the association between independent features and the target feature.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Result&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;There were 3371 (64.04%) female participants and 1893 (35.06%) male individuals out of 5864 research participants. Among all the chosen classifiers, the random forest classifier (sensitivity = 1.00, precision = 0.987, f1-score = 0.993, AUC = 0.9989) fared better in predicting ADRs. Based on the importance ranking, the CD4 count was determined to be the most significant predictor feature. The top eight predictors of ADRs were identified by random forest feature importance and association rules as follows: Male, younger age, longer duration on ART, not taking Co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), not taking TB (Tuberculosis) preventive therapy (TPT), secondary educational status, TDF-3TC-EFV, and low CD4 counts.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Participant Experiences of at-Home and Hospital-Based Biological Sampling: Cross-Sectional Insights From the SIREN Study","authors":"Irina Lut,&nbsp;Sarah Foulkes,&nbsp;Amanda Henry,&nbsp;Sophie Russell,&nbsp;Nipunadi Hettiarachchi,&nbsp;Jasmin Islam,&nbsp;Ana Atti,&nbsp;Susan Hopkins,&nbsp;Victoria Hall","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Engaging and retaining research participants in studies that require sampling (e.g., blood, sputum) can be challenging. Regularly contributing biological sampling can be demanding for healthcare workers (HCW) in particular. SIREN is a prospective cohort of HCW in the UK who have been carrying out COVID-19 testing since 2020. We aimed to evaluate satisfaction with at-home PCR and blood sampling by collecting SIREN participants' feedback regarding sampling processes for COVID-19 testing. We explored the acceptability of at-home (PCR swab and finger-prick blood sampling) compared to at-hospital (PCR swab and phlebotomy) sampling. Thematic analysis was used to code free-text responses. Out of 2,816 respondents, 74% preferred PCR testing at home compared to on site. Half of 1,279 participants who returned blood samples using a postal kit preferred to complete serological sampling at home instead of in hospital (52%). One in five reported no preference. Participants valued the ease and convenience of home-sampling and clear communication about instructions and test results. Some participants reported difficulties with blood collection or logistic issues related to kits, but this did not prevent them from returning samples nor deter them from undergoing sampling in future research. Home-sampling for PCR and serological testing was acceptable and feasible in this HCW cohort. Self-sampling can be a cost-effective and efficient way of collecting participant data. Clear communications about instructions for sample collection and the purpose of capturing the sample, easy-to-use devices and ensuring participants feel valued are strong facilitators to high uptake, and on-going study retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Change, Fluctuation, or Variability in Weight on the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Dorsa Alijanzadeh,&nbsp;Masoud Noroozi,&nbsp;Negin Rostami,&nbsp;Narges Norouzkhani,&nbsp;Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini,&nbsp;Saeed Zivari Lashkajani,&nbsp;Ali Mirzaei,&nbsp;Maryam Dianati,&nbsp;Maryam Salimi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Sadeghsalehi,&nbsp;Faezeh Jadidian,&nbsp;Sajjad Ghane Ezabadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Fallahi,&nbsp;Mobina Fathi,&nbsp;Alaleh Alizadeh,&nbsp;Mahsa Asadi Anar,&nbsp;Niloofar Deravi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies on the impact of weight changes on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are being conducted; therefore, this systematic review aims to critically discuss the impact of change, fluctuation, or variability in weight on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from three databases, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus, which were available until June 2024, were used to compile the materials for our research. Only English-language publications were submitted for this study, and they were evaluated based on their titles, abstracts, and complete texts and.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight studies (three cross-sectional articles and five cohort articles) involving 147,601 participants from Japan, China, Korea, and the United States were included. The results of this study showed that weight loss had significantly increased odds of developing NAFLD independently and per 1 kg compared to the stable weight control group. (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.118–1.208, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, <i>I</i>² = 86%, OR = 1.186, 95% CI: 1.142–1.230, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, <i>I</i>² = 89.2%). The findings of seven articles indicated that the odds of experiencing NAFLD among patients with increased weight was 0.697 (OR = 0.697, 95% CI: 0.391–1.002, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, <i>I</i>² = 99.9%), suggesting a slightly reduced likelihood compared to the control group. The sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing in industrialized nations and has a significant financial impact on people′s health and healthcare systems. It can be controlled by emphasis on reducing weight change and maintaining a healthy weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to Editor “Critical Response to the Comments on the Critical Issue of Infant and Child Mortality in Afghanistan”","authors":"Salvatore Chirumbolo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Salvatore Chirumbolo:</b> conceptualization, investigation, writing – original draft, methodology, validation, visualization, writing – review and editing, formal analysis, software, supervision.</p><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p><p>Salvatore Chirumbolo affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigger Factors of Primary Cerebral Hemorrhage Onset: A Case-Crossover Study","authors":"Yun-Tao Pu,&nbsp;Yan-Yue Wang,&nbsp;Ya-Yun Xiang,&nbsp;Miao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71261","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to traditional chronic risk factors, our understanding of trigger factors for cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains relatively primitive. This study aims to identify common trigger factors associated with ICH onset and investigate their diurnal variations in exposure patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population comprised patients with first-ever primary ICH in Chongqing, Southwest China from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. This is a case-crossover study, and we compared each patient's exposure during case periods with their own control periods. Through comparative analysis between trigger periods and stable periods, we identified potential trigger factors and further examined diurnal exposure differences between daytime and nighttime.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 1088 ICH patients (mean age 59.6 ± 16.1 years; 632 males [58.1%]). Significant triggers included Valsalva maneuvers (OR 3.05, 95% CI: 2.43–3.83, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), strenuous exercise (OR 4.38, 95% CI: 3.53–5.45, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), sudden change of position (OR 3.34, 95% CI: 2.65–4.21, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), temperature change (OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.58–2.47, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and anger intensity (level 3: OR 5.07, 95% CI: 3.65–7.05, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; level 4: OR 7.08, 95% CI: 5.08–9.87, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Notably, daytime exposures to both Valsalva maneuvers (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04–1.82, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and strenuous exercise (OR 3.75, 95% CI: 2.72–5.16, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks compared to nighttime exposures. Conversely, intense anger (level 4) during daytime showed a reduced risk relative to nighttime (OR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39–0.86, <i>p</i> = 0.008).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified several triggering factors associated with ICH onset, some of which exhibited distinct diurnal variations in exposure patterns. These findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular rupture and offer evidence-based references for targeted ICH prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Muscle Damage Indices by Consuming Chlorella vulgaris Along With High-Intensity Interval Training in Men With Overweight: A Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"Rahmanian Milad,&nbsp;Saber Saedmocheshi,&nbsp;Giuseppe Potrick Stefani,&nbsp;Ayoub Saiedi,&nbsp;Lotfollah Saed","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity and nutrition play important roles in obesity and <i>overweight</i> treatment. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of HIIT exercise training and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (CV) supplementation on muscle damage indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty adults (22.8 ± 2.1 years, BMI 27.8 ± 1.3 kg/m²) were randomly divided into four equal groups: placebo without exercise (PLA-SED, <i>n</i> = 10), CV supplemented without exercise (CV-SED, <i>n</i> = 10), placebo with exercise training (PLA-HIIT, <i>n</i> = 10) and CV supplemented with exercise training (CV-HIIT, <i>n</i> = 10). Blood sampling was done in two stages: the first day (before the supplement and before the sports test) and 24 h after the last training session. They received the CV supplementation (300 mg) four times a day for 12 weeks, and the placebo group took the same dextrose tablets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the end of the study, the level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the high-intensity interval group showed a significant increase compared to the CV-SED and CV-HIIT groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Also, the serum levels of CK and LDH showed a significant increase in the post-protocol state compared to the pre-exercise group in the HIIT group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CV together with high-intensity interval training can have a modulating effect on the release of muscle-damaging factors such as CK and LDH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Needlestick and Sharp Injuries Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia: A Prospective Single-Center Study","authors":"Suad Abdikarim Isse,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdirahim Omar,&nbsp;Ahmet Doğan,&nbsp;Ali Kutta Çelik,&nbsp;Tigad Abdisad Ali,&nbsp;Sultan Pir,&nbsp;Sowda Abdikarim Sheikh,&nbsp;Jabir Abdullahi Wehlie,&nbsp;Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed Ali,&nbsp;Liban Ade Hussein,&nbsp;Iftin Mohamed Osman,&nbsp;Ifrah Adan Hilowle","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Needlestick and sharp injuries (NSSIs) represent a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), posing serious health risks and psychological stress. Globally, millions of HCWs experience such injuries each year, with the burden disproportionately higher in low-resource settings. In postconflict regions like Somalia, these challenges are often intensified due to strained healthcare systems and limited resources. Despite the potential severity of the issue, there is a lack of comprehensive data on its prevalence and determinants in such contexts. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of NSSIs and identify associated risk factors among HCWs at a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 333 randomly selected HCWs from April to July 2024. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, occupational factors, safety practices and perceptions, and 12-month recall of NSSIs events. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with NSSIs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although age was not a statistically significant factor (<i>p</i> = 0.1548), the highest prevalence of NSSIs was observed among HCWs aged 25–40 years (75.52%). In the multivariable analysis, perceiving a moderate risk of injury emerged as a significant predictor of NSSI occurrence (AOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 2.00–9.10). Conversely, caring for more than 10 patients/day was associated with reduced odds of experiencing an injury (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.88).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights significant associations between sex, education level, and the prevalence of NSSIs among HCWs at the surveyed tertiary hospital. These findings underscore the need for targeted, evidence-based interventions to mitigate NSSI risks—particularly in postconflict, resource-constrained healthcare settings like Somalia. Strengthening training, improving safety practices, and addressing occupational disparities can contribute to safer working environments for HCWs in similar contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}