Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Integrated Arterial Filter Oxygenator vs. External Arterial Filters on Clinical Outcomes and Neurocognitive Function in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)","authors":"Vishal Vinayak Bhende,&nbsp;Mathangi Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Dushyantkumar Mukundbhai Parmar,&nbsp;Arunkumar Ghanshyambhai Rudakiya,&nbsp;Tanishq Shashikant Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Paresh Dilip Nerurkar,&nbsp;Saptak Piyush Mankad,&nbsp;Mamta Roshan Patel","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70741","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Innovative advancements in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) configurations, such as surface coating, blood filtration, and miniaturization, aim to reduce gaseous microemboli (GME) that contribute to embolic organ damage, particularly neurological dysfunction. Arterial line filters are effective in mitigating embolism risk. Neurological complications post-cardiac surgery can result from reduced cerebral blood flow, embolic materials, and other factors, including anesthesia. This study evaluates the impact of integrated arterial filter oxygenator (IAF-Oxy.) versus external arterial filters (EAF) on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective randomized controlled trial included 100 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A included external arterial filters (EAF) with membrane oxygenators such as Capiox Baby RX 05 and others, while Group B included integrated arterial filters (IAF) with oxygenators like Capiox Baby FX 05. The outcomes were neurological function, mechanical ventilation time (hours), intensive care unit stay (hours), and hospital stay (days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group B demonstrated significantly lower mean aortic cross-clamp (70.2 ± 38.5 vs. 88.0 ± 49.7 min; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and CPB times (104 ± 48.1 vs. 128 ± 66 min; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Postoperative FOUR scores were identical (16 out of 16) in both groups. Median ventilation time (26.5 [24.25–125.25] hours in Group A vs. 25.0 [12.0–50.0] hours in Group B; <i>p</i> = 0.258), CSICU stay (120.0 [72.0–216.0] hours in Group A vs. 108.0 [72.0–162.0] hours in Group B; <i>p</i> = 0.358), and hospital stay (13 ± 11 days in Group A vs. 10 ± 5 days in Group B; <i>p</i> = 0.138) were comparable between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Integrated arterial filter oxygenator may serve as an alternative to external arterial filters, potentially reducing gaseous microemboli. IAF-Oxy. could improve clinical outcomes, reduce CSICU and hospital stays, and enhance care for pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Cost Coverage and Hypertension and Diabetes Care Step Movement: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Malaysian Semi-Rural Community","authors":"Adeola Folayan,&nbsp;Quek Kia Fatt,&nbsp;Mark Wing Loong Cheong,&nbsp;Tin Tin Su","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to understand how healthcare cost coverage (HCC) status affects hypertension and diabetes care across the three major care steps: awareness, treatment initiation and control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The probability of progressing the care steps was determined with logistic regression. The backward movements of two care steps (treatment and control) were investigated using McNemar's tests and presented with a Sankey diagram. All results were disintegrated by HCC status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no evidence that having HCC contributed to any care step progression. However, there was no significant backward movement for diabetes treatment and blood pressure control for those with HCC, while those without HCC had a significant backward movement for diabetes treatment (54.3% [152/280], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and blood pressure control (31.6% [43/136], <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that HCC supported a reduction in backward movement for some care steps but did not contribute to care step progression. HCC policies should aim to progress enrolees from awareness to initiating treatment and achieving control to attaining long-term hypertension and diabetes control in low- and middle-income countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Attitudes and Practices Regarding Malaria and HIV in People Living in Rural Ghana","authors":"Felix Abekah Botchway,&nbsp;Cecilia Elorm Lekpor,&nbsp;Prince Agyeman,&nbsp;Ebenezer Krampah Aidoo,&nbsp;Jacob Apibilla Ayembilla,&nbsp;Micheal Appiah,&nbsp;Ahmed Mashud,&nbsp;Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70833","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The realization of malaria and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control in any community cannot be effective if the said community's knowledge and application of control mechanisms are not appropriately defined. However, knowledge, attitudes, and practices studies regarding malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specifically in people living in rural Ghana are scant, and as such, minimal interventions focus on them. This study reports the results of individuals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in rural Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study involved 316 individuals who visited the daily OPD at the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital. Responses from participants were recorded on a semi-structured questionnaire. Data entry was done with Microsoft Office Excel 2010, analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0, and the results were summarized using tables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More than 94% of respondents in all categories indicated they knew the clinical signs/symptoms, transmission, and prevention of malaria. Although 66.0% of malaria-negative respondents and 62.2% of malaria-positive respondents preferred using mosquito nets to protect themselves, only 39.4% of malaria-negative respondents and 32.8% of malaria-positive respondents reported sleeping under a mosquito net the previous night. Mosquito coil as a malaria preventive method recorded the least preference with less than 7% in all categories. Over 94% of the respondents in all categories knew about HIV, yet misconceptions about transmission persisted. Only 50% of malaria-negative respondents and 36.7% of malaria-positive respondents had ever tested for HIV, while 17% of malaria-negative respondents indicated they did not know where to get tested for HIV. Discriminatory attitudes were present in a considerable proportion of the respondents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The respondents demonstrated knowledge about HIV and malaria. Understanding the KAP about HIV and malaria in the general populations will help us in formulating strategies for prevention and treatment. Our study calls for continued and strengthened health education to bring change in knowledge regarding misconceptions about the mode of transmission of HIV and how to properly use insecticide-treated nets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Association of Social Capital and Sleep Quality of the Elderly Community","authors":"Maryam Mohammadi,&nbsp;Sahar Mohammadnabizadeh,&nbsp;Mehdi Varmaghani,&nbsp;Mitra Moodi,&nbsp;Farshad Shrifi,&nbsp;Matin Shirazinia,&nbsp;Hossein Fakhrzadeh,&nbsp;Moloud Payab,&nbsp;Masoumeh Khorashadizadeh,&nbsp;Shohreh Naderimagham","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70766","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the growing elderly population in developing countries like Iran, and the significance of social capital and sleep quality in the lives of the elderly, this study aimed to explore the relationship between social capital and sleep quality in the elderly community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly individuals in Birjand city, Iran, as part of a cohort study. Sampling was carried out by selecting eligible participants based on a simple random entry criterion. To gather data, we used questionnaires on social capital and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, which were validated for reliability. The questionnaires were administered through interviews. The data was analyzed using STATA software and appropriate descriptive and analytical tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1348 senior citizens, with an average age of 69.73 (±7.53), were involved in the research conducted. The results of this study revealed a significant association (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) only in the fifth quintile of social capital when compared to the lowest level. These results also show that the social capital in the group that sleeps more than 6 h is stronger than the group that sleeps less than 6 h. Also, married people in each group with less sleep (RR = 0.92) or more than 6 h (RR = 0.66) had a better condition than single people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improving healthcare availability, implementing intervention strategies such as community and public health initiatives, promoting healthier sleep habits, and enhancing social support are potential methods to prevent low social involvement and, consequently, poor quality of sleep-in older people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Stroke in Cameroon: Results From a One-Year Prospective Follow-Up Cohort Study","authors":"Clovis Nkoke,&nbsp;Ahmadou Musa Jingi,&nbsp;Jean Jacques Noubiap,&nbsp;Cyrille Nkouonlack,&nbsp;Anastase Dzudie","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70841","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data suggests that men and women have different vascular risk profiles, clinical characteristics, and outcome trajectories after stroke. There is a dearth of data on sex differences in stroke in Cameroon. We aimed to examine sex differences in stroke in a 1-year follow-up prospective cohort study in Cameroon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective cohort study included patients who were hospitalized for acute stroke and who were discharged between January 2013 and December 2013. Patients were followed up for 12 months. We compared differences in risk factors, clinical presentation at baseline, and mortality within 12 months of follow-up between men and women. A <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05 was considered as threshold for statistical significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 254 patients with stroke were included in this study at baseline, including 135 (53.1%) men. Women were significantly older than men (65.7 ± 15.5 years vs. 59.2 ± 12.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Men were more likely to smoke and consume alcohol when compared to women (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in stroke severity on admission between men and women according to the National Institute of Health stroke scale (9.8 vs. 11.2, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.137). Women had a significantly higher disability on admission compared to men (modified Rankin Score (mRS) = 3.9 vs. mRS = 3.7 respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in stroke subtype between men and women. At the end of the 1 year follow up, there was no statistically significant difference in disability (<i>p</i> = 0.22) and the 1-year mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.329) between men and women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Men with stroke were younger and were more likely to smoke and consume alcohol. Women had greater stroke disability on admission. There was no significant difference in disability and in 1-year mortality between men and women, although mortality was higher in women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Breast Cancer Profiling Among Iraqi Women: Molecular Subtype Classification, Clinicopathology Associations, and Treatment-Decision Making Tools: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Alaa Salah Jumaah,&nbsp;Roaa Ali Shaker,&nbsp;Zainab Al-Ali,&nbsp;Kaswer Musa Jaafar Altoriah,&nbsp;Aseel Al-Quzweni,&nbsp;Salam Salah Jumaah,&nbsp;Akeel Abed Yasseen,&nbsp;Katherine Ann McAllister,&nbsp;Haider J. Al Shiblawi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70553","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer is the most common cause of female cancer-related death in Iraq. This study aimed to classify breast cancer molecular subtypes in the Iraqi population, and investigate the association with clinicopathology parameters, and predict survival outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study collected breast cancer samples that included: tumor size, grade, lymph node involvement, and LVI. Cases were stained for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, HER2, and Ki-67 for IHC subtyping. HER2 score 3 cases were further evaluated by SISH. Molecular profile classification used the St Gallen consensus. The tumor profiles were modelled with treatment combinations using the PREDICT decision making tool of up to 10-year OS outcomes; &gt; 5% differences were deemed clinically relevant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of patients was 50.16 ± 12.28 years. ER and PR positivity was high (81.8% and 73.7%) relative to HER2 (20.8%). Significant clinicopathology associations occurred between ER expression and tumor type and grade (<i>p</i> = 0.001, 0.027); HER2 with histology (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Ki-67 high expression (26.8%) was associated with LVI (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Molecular classification (IHC subtypes) identified Luminal A (Luminal-A-like) tumors in most cases (61.7%), followed by Luminal B (Luminal-B-like) (20.0%), HER2 (9.5%) and basal-like (triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)) at 8.7%. By selecting the right treatment adjuvant to tumor profile, PREDICT modelling estimated that most post-surgery patients (85.7%, ER⁺; 100%, ER^-) would have clinically relevant overall survival (OS) benefit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>St Gallen molecular characterisation of breast tumors is critical for refining triage of healthcare patients in Iraq. Molecular classification using IHC subtypes identified a high prevalence of favorable Luminal-A-like type, and the lowest worldwide rates of poor prognostic TNBC cancer. The use of immunohistochemistry-based cancer subtyping is further strengthened in clinical practice with online prognostication tools that assist the treatment selection process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Melatonin on Oxaliplatin Induced Neuropathy in Patients Receiving Folfox Chemotherapy Regimens for Stage II–IV Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Trial","authors":"Raziyeh Kheshti,&nbsp;Mehdi Dehghani,&nbsp;Soha Namazi,&nbsp;Dena Firouzabadi,&nbsp;Laleh Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Elham Haem","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70619","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peripheral neuropathy is a major side effect of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The aim of this placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on prevention of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy (OXIPN) in patients receiving oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with stage II–IV colorectal cancer, who were to receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to take either melatonin (20 mg/day) or placebo, during chemotherapy and 1 month after. Neuropathy was assessed by several patient- and physician-based reports, including the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events scale (NCI-CTCAE), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 20 (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) scale, and oxaliplatin specific scale (OSS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From a total of 80 selected patients, 54 completed the study and were evaluated for the final analysis. Grade 3 neuropathy measured by NCI-CTCAE and OSS in the melatonin arm was significantly lower than the placebo group. But according to EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 scale, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. In addition, melatonin use did not improve patients' quality of life compared with placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reduction in grade 3 neuropathy based on NCI-CTCAE and OSS can be of great importance, as it is the higher-grade neuropathy that may lead to functional impairment. Given that to date no medication has been approved for prevention of OXIPN and considering the limited number of patients in the present study, conducting a larger clinical trial on the effect of melatonin may lead to beneficial results in this group of patients.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Study registered (Date: 23 July, 2018) in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT); IRCT20170326033139N1 (https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20170326033139N1)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psittacosis in Focus: A Review Addressing the Risks and Management Challenges in Outbreak Scenarios","authors":"Himel Ghosh,&nbsp;Sejuti Reza,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Mazid,&nbsp;Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease that mostly affects birds and can infect people. It causes respiratory ailments that can be minor or severe. The disease's importance to public health is shown by the fact that it has been connected to isolated outbreaks in several parts of the world. Comprehending the hazards linked to psittacosis is crucial, given that epidemics may have extensive consequences for public health, especially in environments where people and birds interact closely. Therefore, examining the risks, challenges, and methods for overcoming psittacosis infections is the primary focus of the study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psittacosis' principal dangers include severe respiratory problems, which are especially dangerous for vulnerable groups. Inadequate diagnostic goods and services, public ignorance, and variances in hospital infrastructure all pose challenges to effective management. Strategies for combating psittacosis must include improved monitoring and reporting systems, better access to diagnosis and treatment, and expanded public awareness on protection. Incorporating biosecurity strategies in flocks and agricultural operations is also critical to lowering transmission risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prioritizing psittacosis control is imperative for global health regulatory organizations to prevent future outbreaks. To promote research, allocate funds, and support public health initiatives aimed at enhancing disease management, quick action is needed. By promoting international cooperation and enhancing healthcare systems, we can effectively address the problems caused by psittacosis and better safeguard populations everywhere from this preventable disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Scientific Authority Questionnaire for Faculty Members in Medical Science Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran","authors":"Naser Kamyari,&nbsp;Maryam Seyedtabib","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70691","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to validate the Scientific Authority Questionnaire (SAQ) from the perspective of faculty members in medical science universities in Iran, as they are entrusted with the responsibility of obtaining scientific authority in universities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, multivariate factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the SAQ. The study included 379 faculty members of Iranian medical science universities in the fourth planning region in 2023, and the research instrument was a 17-item SAQ. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA), promax rotation, and Kaiser index was performed to evaluate the factor structure of the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the EFA. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-scale correlation were used to measure internal reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The EFA and CFA results confirmed that the SAQ contained three factors and 17 items. The content validity of the items was high, as shown by the face validity results (CVR ≥ 0.81, I-CVI ≥ 0.84). Three principal components explaining 70.46% of the variance were obtained after PCA with promax rotation according to Kaiser criterion and eigenvalues. The principal indices in CFA were higher than 0.9, indicating a good fit of the model. In addition, the reliability of the SAQ was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and a test-retest reliability of 0.81.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No patients or the public were involved in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SAQ is a contextually relevant, reliable, and valid tool for assessing faculty members' scientific authority. The results of the study suggest that universities need to strengthen their links with industry to build scientific authority. Nevertheless, the instrument needs further development to improve its robustness and address potential limitations. Psychometric studies should be conducted with new populations to ensure the applicability of the SAQ in different contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Mean Arterial Pressure Targets for Septic Shock Patients With Chronic Hypertension: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mutaz I. Othman,&nbsp;Emad M. Mustafa,&nbsp;Ahmed E. Abdelwahab,&nbsp;Ali A. Hssain,&nbsp;Abdulqadir J. Nashwan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70696","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Septic shock is a serious infection-related condition that has a big effect on public health. To improve organ perfusion and prognosis in septic shock patients with chronic high blood pressure, optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets are needed. This narrative review aims to summarize existing knowledge and factors to determine the most effective MAP targets in septic shock patients with chronic hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A careful review of relevant literature was conducted to understand the factors that affect MAP targets in septic shock patients with chronic hypertension. Long-term hypertension patients require personalized MAP targets based on age, health conditions, and septic shock severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>five studies were identified in this narrative review. Guidelines suggest 65-75 mmHg for most cases, but higher targets may be beneficial for proper organ perfusion. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring allows dynamic adjustment of MAP targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is crucial to implement personalized MAP management strategies to achieve optimal outcomes for patients with chronic hypertension who are experiencing septic shock. However, there is a lack of consensus on optimal MAP targets among patients with chronic hypertension, which may require higher MAP targets to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. An approach that considers each patient's unique characteristics and includes ongoing assessment is critical for achieving the best MAP targets and improving patient prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}