Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors of Mpox Among Healthcare Professionals at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Teklehaimanot Kiros,&nbsp;Mulat Erkihun,&nbsp;Mitikie Wondmagegn,&nbsp;Andargachew Almaw,&nbsp;Ayenew Assefa,&nbsp;Ayenew Berhan,&nbsp;Dessie Tegegne,&nbsp;Alemie Fentie,&nbsp;Tegenaw Tiruneh,&nbsp;Birhanemaskal Malkamu,&nbsp;Mahider Shimelis,&nbsp;Eninur Dejen,&nbsp;Birhanu Getie,&nbsp;Shewaneh Damtie,&nbsp;Yenealem Solomon,&nbsp;Bekele Sharew","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mpox is a zoonotic disease that has become a significant public health concern, especially in regions beyond its usual endemic areas in Africa. The rising global incidence and its classification as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization highlight the importance of healthcare professionals (HCPs) being knowledgeable and well-prepared to effectively manage the virus. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and factors associated with HCPs regarding Mpox infections at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between June 13th and September 3rd, 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted, among 384 HCPs selected through convenience sampling. A pretested, and well-structured, questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of HCPs. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. A <i>p</i>-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of the 384 participants, the majority were male (55.47%) and aged 31–39 years (33.85%). Nurses made up the largest professional group at 31.25%. Only 28.13% and 37.76% of HCPs demonstrated good knowledge and favorable attitudes toward the Mpox, respectively. Interestingly, HCPs with prior information sources about Mpox were likely to possess good knowledge (AOR = 1.45, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings emphasize important gaps in the knowledge and attitude of HCPs. It is imperative to implement targeted educational initiatives such as information dissemination, training, and continuous professional development to improve the capacity of HCPs to effectively respond to Mpox and other emerging infectious diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Malaria in Adults: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of 80 Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in The Gambia, 2020–2023","authors":"Sheikh Omar Bittaye,&nbsp;Abubacarr Jagne,&nbsp;Lamin E. S. Jaiteh,&nbsp;Alfred Amambua-Ngwa,&nbsp;Abdul Karim Sesay,&nbsp;Williams Estrada Ramirez,&nbsp;Asmell Ramos,&nbsp;Emmanuel Effa,&nbsp;Ousman Nyan,&nbsp;Ramou Njie","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70401","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerebral malaria in Gambian children has been studied but there is limited information on CM in adults. The study assesses the clinical features and outcome of CM in adult patients admitted at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective review of all adult patients with malaria admitted to the internal medicine department from October 18, 2020 to February 2, 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total number of 319 adults were admitted with malaria. Eighty (25%) patients met the criteria for CM. The median age of the CM patients was 19 years. CM patients were younger (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), more likely to be of the adolescent age group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), more likely to be referred from a lower-level health facility (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and more likely to be admitted in intensive care <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) as compared to NSCM or UM patients. The total in-hospital mortality of CM patients was 23.8%. Ten (52.6%) out of the 19 patients died within the first 24 h of admission. In multivariate analysis, CM patients with acute kidney injury at presentation was an independent predictor of mortality in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CM seems to affect the adolescent age group more than the older adults in The Gambia. The clinicians should be able to identify these high-risk patient group and institute prompt critical care interventions and/or treatment. The findings in this study also identify the need to expand access of critical care interventions and hemodialysis to help improve the prognosis of adult CM patients in The Gambia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Clinical Implications of Pediatric Pulmonary Function After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review","authors":"Xiaowei Zhao,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhao,&nbsp;Guoyu Ding,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Zhang,&nbsp;Yanli Leng,&nbsp;Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70365","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70365","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a key therapeutic approach for pediatric patients with hematologic and non-hematologic disorders. However, post-transplant pulmonary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are essential for the early detection of pulmonary dysfunction, yet their application in pediatric HSCT recipients has yielded inconsistent results. This review aims to assess the variations in pulmonary function post-HSCT and explore their clinical implications for pediatric patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was conducted by analyzing studies published between 2000 and 2024, sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases. The review included cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and case-control studies that assessed pulmonary function using standardized PFTs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pulmonary dysfunction, particularly obstructive and restrictive ventilatory disorders, is common in pediatric HSCT recipients. Significant changes in PFT parameters, such as FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75%, were observed. However, trends in post-transplant pulmonary function vary due to factors such as pre-transplant lung conditions, patient age, and treatment protocols. Innovative diagnostic methods, such as parametric response mapping (PRM) and multiple breath washout (MBW), show promise in enhancing early detection and management of pulmonary complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring pulmonary function is critical for the early identification of complications in pediatric HSCT recipients. Although standardized clinical guidelines are available, variability in PFT trends underscores the need for more refined diagnostic tools. Advanced diagnostic methods, like PRM and MBW, may improve early detection and help optimize the management of pulmonary dysfunction, ultimately improving long-term outcomes for pediatric patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Dietary Patterns Among Female Employees Participating in the Persian Cohort Study (Mashhad) and Their Relationship With Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Fatemeh Davoudi Dastenaie,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi Javaheri,&nbsp;Mohammad Masoumvand,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Nazari Manesh,&nbsp;Mohammad Akbari Moghadam,&nbsp;Maryam Khosravi,&nbsp;Ali Jafarzadeh Esfehani","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The protective effect of a healthy diet against chronic diseases has been confirmed in several primary studies. This study identifies the dominant food patterns using factor analysis and determining its relationship with metabolic syndrome in female employees participating in the Persian cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female participants with metabolic syndrome (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) were studied using a cross-sectional design. Demographic, clinical and anthropometric information of the subjects were analyzed after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, dietary intake based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was extracted from the participants' records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Waist circumference and HDL were significantly correlated with the healthy food pattern (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the unadjusted model, a significant relationship was observed between healthy food patterns and low HDL (<i>p</i> = 0.035, OR = 0.674, 95% CI for OR: 0.467–0.973). After adjusting for confounding factors, a significant relationship was observed between low HDL and the third and fourth quartiles of healthy food pattern (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 420, 95% CI for OR: 0.257–0.684, and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, OR = 0.294, 95% CI for OR: 0.148–0.585, respectively), indicating that being in the third and fourth quartiles of dietary health was associated with 58% and 70.6% decreased risk of low HDL, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that only healthy dietary patterns could have a preventive role against low HDL criterion of the metabolic syndrome among women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements in Hemodynamics and Right Heart Remodeling Following Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty Treatment in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Ahmad Furqan Anjum,&nbsp;Moeeza Fatima,&nbsp;Muhammad Burhan Anjum","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70384","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70384","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This recent study, “Improvements in Right Heart Remodeling and Hemodynamics after Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) Treatment in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)–A Retrospective Study” by Shen et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], is worth reading because of the insight it provides into improvements to the patients with CTEPH. The findings here suggest that BPA might be a useful means to improve clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in a difficult subset of patients. This is especially important as to date, no therapeutic options are available for patients not eligible for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). The improvements they reported appear promising, but a few things about their study need to be considered more carefully before lending credence to their claims.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, in this study, conventional echocardiographic parameters like right atrial area (RAA) and right ventricular internal diameter (RVID), along with the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), are used. However, these metrics have shortcomings that limit the ability to fully capture the picture of RV remodeling and mechanics, especially because they need to be more in line with more subtle underlying functional or electromechanical changes. Kanar et al. [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] undertook a more detailed study of RV function using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to quantify electromechanical delay and strain in relation to the regional and temporal mechanics of RV. Second, the study also requires a control group. Having a control group contextualizes the findings and makes it easier to evaluate the observed changes as BPA specific rather than a part of natural variability. A study by Kanar et al. [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] includes the comparison of a group of healthy subjects so that baseline differences can be clearly established and the specific therapeutic effects of BPA can be laid. Third, the study restricts hemodynamic assessments to resting conditions and assumes that exercise-induced limitations in pulmonary and cardiac function will be manifested. Therefore, it does not measure exercise capacity, and the associated hemodynamic changes during periods of exercise, that are the key features in understanding functional outcomes and residual disease burden. No doubt, the study reports significant improvements in resting hemodynamics but does not address whether residual pulmonary hypertension (PH) exists during physical exertion. Thus, without exercise-specific data, The study cannot comment on the persistence of exercise-induced PH or its clinical implications. For example, a study by Wiedenroth et al. [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] incorporates exercise right heart catheterization (RHC) to evaluate pulmonary pressures, vascular resistance, and cardiac output during physical exertion. This approach identifies residual PH during exercise, even in patients without PH at rest, providing a dynamic assessment of BPA efficacy. It also demonstrates that BPA reduces rest","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service Quality in Iranian Hospitals From Patients' Perspectives Based on the SERVQUAL Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Tara Alizadeh,&nbsp;Marzieh Jahani Sayad Noveiry,&nbsp;Samad Karkhah,&nbsp;Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli,&nbsp;Kobra Salami Kohan,&nbsp;Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the service quality in Iranian hospitals from patients' perspectives based on the SERVQUAL model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A thorough exploration of online electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, IranMedex, and the Scientific Information Database (SID), was undertaken using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Quality of Health Care,” “Hospital,” and “Patients” spanning from the earliest available records up to August 11, 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the context of <span>25</span> cross-sectional studies encompassing a collective participant pool of 8021 hospitalized patients in Iranian medical facilities, an assessment of patients' perspectives on the quality of hospital services revealed a mean perception score of 3.54 (SE = 0.08). Concurrently, the mean expectation score for the quality of services was determined to be 4.43 (SE = 0.06). Using the SERVQUAL model, the overall disparity between patients' perceptions and expectations was calculated as −0.89. Subsequent examination of specific dimensions within the SERVQUAL framework revealed gaps between patients' perceptions and expectations in the tangibility dimension (−0.84), reliability dimension (−0.94), responsiveness dimension (−0.91), assurance dimension (−0.89), and empathy dimension (−0.82).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therefore, healthcare administrators consider the study's findings as a motivating force to initiate measures aimed at improving service quality in Iranian hospitals. Tackling the recognized shortcomings and areas requiring enhancement holds the promise of raising patient satisfaction levels and, consequently, improving overall healthcare outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel Chart Writing and Resilience Impact the Narrative Competence of Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Yun Xu,&nbsp;Hongkai Guo,&nbsp;Guomei Ge,&nbsp;Jing Shu,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Qi Jin,&nbsp;Junjun Jia","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Narrative competence is essential for good communication between medical staff and patients. It is a powerful instrument for the delivery of holistic healthcare. However, little research focuses on the influencing factors of narrative competence and the relationships among resilience, self-efficacy, and narrative competence. The study aims to explore the influence factors of narrative competence of medical staff and confirm the relationships among self-efficacy, resilience, and narrative competence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 606 medical staff from two affiliated hospitals in Zhejiang and Heilongjiang provinces, respectively. The participants were scored using the Chinese narrative competence scale, the brief Chinese version of the resilience scale, and the Chinese version of the self-efficacy scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that the score of narrative competence was 149.76 ± 28.70, including the scores of listening dimension (48.01 ± 9.36), understanding dimension (67.75 ± 13.55), and reflecting dimension (34.00 ± 6.77). A high narrative competence score was associated with hospital location and parallel chart writing (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Pearson's correlation analysis showed resilience and self-efficacy were positively related to narrative competence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical staff's narrative competence is intermediate in China. Parallel chart writing and resilience would impact this competence, which should be further improved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Factors Affecting Survival Rate in Patients Undergoing On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Using Machine Learning Methods: A Systematic Review","authors":"Alireza Jafarkhani,&nbsp;Behzad Imani,&nbsp;Soheila Saeedi,&nbsp;Amir Shams","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a key treatment for coronary artery disease, but accurately predicting patient survival after the procedure presents significant challenges. This study aimed to systematically review articles using machine learning techniques to predict patient survival rates and identify factors affecting these rates after CABG surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From January 1, 2015, to January 20, 2024, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria included studies that evaluated survival rates and predictors associated with CABG patients during the specified period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After eliminating duplicates, a total of 1330 articles were identified. Following a systematic screening, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our findings revealed 43 distinct factors influencing survival rates in patients undergoing CABG. Notably, five factors—age, ejection fraction, diabetes mellitus, a history of cerebrovascular disease or accidents, and renal function—were consistently identified across multiple studies as significant predictors of postsurgical survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review identifies key factors influencing survival rates after CABG surgery and highlights the role of machine learning in improving predictive accuracy. By identifying high-risk patients through these key factors, our findings offer practical insights for healthcare providers, enhancing patient management and customizing therapeutic strategies after CABG. This study significantly enhances existing literature by combining machine learning techniques with clinical factors, thereby improving the understanding of patient outcomes in CABG surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Epilepsy Detection: Balancing Effectiveness With Ethical Considerations for Welfare","authors":"Marina Ramzy Mourid,&nbsp;Hamza Irfan,&nbsp;Malik Olatunde Oduoye","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epilepsy is a major neurological challenge, especially for pediatric populations. It profoundly impacts both developmental progress and quality of life in affected children. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), there's a growing interest in leveraging its capabilities to improve the diagnosis and management of pediatric epilepsy. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of AI in pediatric epilepsy detection while considering the ethical implications surrounding its implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive systematic review was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline. Search terms encompassed “pediatric epilepsy,” “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “ethical considerations,” and “data security.” Publications from the past decade were scrutinized for methodological rigor, with a focus on studies evaluating AI's efficacy in pediatric epilepsy detection and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI systems have demonstrated strong potential in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric epilepsy, often matching clinical accuracy. For example, AI-driven decision support achieved 93.4% accuracy in diagnosis, closely aligning with expert assessments. Specific methods, like EEG-based AI for detecting interictal discharges, showed high specificity (93.33%–96.67%) and sensitivity (76.67%–93.33%), while neuroimaging approaches using rs-fMRI and DTI reached up to 97.5% accuracy in identifying microstructural abnormalities. Deep learning models, such as CNN-LSTM, have also enhanced seizure detection from video by capturing subtle movement and expression cues. Non-EEG sensor-based methods effectively identified nocturnal seizures, offering promising support for pediatric care. However, ethical considerations around privacy, data security, and model bias remain crucial for responsible AI integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While AI holds immense potential to enhance pediatric epilepsy management, ethical considerations surrounding transparency, fairness, and data security must be rigorously addressed. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are imperative to navigate these ethical challenges effectively, ensuring responsible AI integration and optimizing patient outcomes in pediatric epilepsy care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectus Carinatum Repair Using the Sandwiched Bars and Screw Fixation System: A Retrospective Cohort Study of a Single Center Experience","authors":"Tran Thanh Vy,&nbsp;Ho Tat Bang,&nbsp;Ha Quoc Hung,&nbsp;Lam Thao Cuong,&nbsp;Nguyen Hoang Binh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70390","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70390","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pectus carinatum (PC) is the second most common deformity of the anterior chest wall, resulting in detrimental effects on body image and quality of life. This study evaluated the safety, effectiveness, and factors associated with the treatment of PC using a sandwiched bar and screw fixation system, first performed in Vietnam at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City in 2016.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted from March 2016 to February 2023 in patients with PC and PC-mixed pectus excavatum (PE) deformities. All patients underwent corrective surgery using the sandwiched bar and screw fixation system. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, operative time, length of hospital stay, Haller Index (HI), and postoperative complications. The effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated based on changes in the HI. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests to compare preoperative and postoperative HI values, and multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors associated with postoperative outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 39 consecutive patients, 12 (30.8%) had symmetric PC, 10 (25.6%) asymmetric PC, and 17 (43.6%) had PC with an excavatum complex. The mean operative time was 68.1 ± 35.8 min, and the length of stay was 5.3 ± 1.1 days. The preoperative and postoperative Haller index (HI) values were 1.96 ± 0.13 and 2.49 ± 0.14, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Independent variables correlated to postoperative HI included the asymmetry index absolute value (coefficient (<i>β</i>) = 0.649, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and angle of sternal rotation (<i>β</i> = −0.008, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The percentage of patients with good outcomes was 97.4%. No serious procedure-related complications were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimally invasive repair using the sandwiched bar and screw fixation system is an effective and safe treatment for PC. Sternal rotation and asymmetry index contribute to its effectiveness by correlating to postoperative HI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}