Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Measuring Experienced Utility in the Context of Health Economic Evaluation: A Narrative Overview","authors":"Damien S. E. Broekharst,&nbsp;Sjaak Bloem,&nbsp;Jeroen Luyten,&nbsp;Edward A. G. Groenland,&nbsp;Pieter T. M. Desmet,&nbsp;Patrick P. T. Jeurissen,&nbsp;Michel van Agthoven","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Expected utility is deeply ingrained in the field of health economic evaluation, but critics highlight its theoretical flaws, including assumptions of complete information, bounded rationality, and stable preferences. They propose incorporating experienced utility for greater accuracy and suggest certain measurement methods. However, the applicability of these measurement methods in health economic evaluation remains uncertain. Therefore, this article examines the advantages, disadvantages and potential use of these measurement methods in the context of health economic evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The measurement methods suggested in the literature include assessing physiological indicators, peak-end perceptions, approach-avoidance tendencies, and retrospective impact. The advantages, disadvantages, and potential use of these measurement methods in the context of health economic evaluation are analyzed using the discourse dialectic method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of physiological indicators is minimally intrusive and relatively objective, but it relies on laboratory data collection, limits comparability across scales, and emphasizes direct experiences. Assessment of peak-end perceptions enhances memory accuracy, yet elicits exaggerated recollections, neglects experience duration, promotes faded peak or overvalued end experiences, and disregards experiences without end. Measurement of approach-avoidance tendencies detects implicit experiences but similarly depends on laboratory conditions, fixates on immediate automatic emotional associations, overlooks unavoidable events or states, and remains indifferent to approach-avoidance conflicts. Evaluation of retrospective impact fosters holistic reflection and highlights temporally extended experiences, yet it fails to account for external information contamination, disregards individual rationalization processes, and overlooks constraints on reflective capabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Each proposed measurement method had drawbacks affecting its suitability for health economic evaluation. However, retrospective impact assessment emerged as the most promising one, although further scholarly inquiry is warranted to examine the theoretical and practical complexities of this approach within health economic evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Trends in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is It Going to be a Global Concern?","authors":"Soroush Khojasteh-Kaffash,&nbsp;Adrina Habibzadeh,&nbsp;Sina Moghaddam,&nbsp;Fatemeh Afra,&nbsp;Noosha Samieefar,&nbsp;Abolfazl Fateh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70792","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death from infectious diseases, faced considerable challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review examines the impact of pandemic-related disruptions, including the diversion of healthcare resources, reduced access to TB diagnostics and treatment, and declining BCG vaccination rates, on TB trends. The aim is to forecast the post-COVID-19 TB burden, identify risk factors that exacerbate transmission, and propose strategies to prevent a global resurgence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This narrative review incorporates epidemiological data, modeling research, and reports from the World Health Organization and national health systems. It examines TB trends before and after COVID-19, the outcomes of coinfection, and the pandemic's impact on immunology, socioeconomic factors, and health systems. The review also compares trends in India and South Africa—two countries facing significant challenges—to those observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 disruptions in healthcare led to an 18% decrease in TB notifications in 2020, resulting in delayed diagnoses, increased household transmission, and higher mortality. Immune dysregulation, including T-cell depletion and cytokine storms, contributed to a 12.3% mortality rate in COVID-19-TB coinfections. Models predict a 5%–15% rise in TB incidence and an additional 1.4 million deaths by 2025. Individuals with HIV, diabetes, and malnutrition were particularly vulnerable. Factors such as overcrowding, air pollution, and reduced Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) coverage in endemic regions have further heightened susceptibility to TB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 has undone years of progress in TB control, highlighting the need for a unified health strategy. Early diagnosis, treatment of latent TB, and BCG catch-up initiatives are crucial. Strengthening health systems, addressing socioeconomic factors such as poverty and hunger, and utilizing pandemic advancements like telemedicine and vaccine research will be key to preventing a resurgence of TB. Continued financial support and international cooperation are essential to eliminating TB by 2030.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Polypharmacy and the Contribution of Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Sweden From 2006 to 2020","authors":"Theodore T. Miao,&nbsp;Malin Ericsson,&nbsp;Jonas W. Wastesson","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70778","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the age, period, and cohort effects of polypharmacy in older adults using Swedish register data covering the period 2006 to 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repeated cross-sectional study using routinely-collected health care data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nationwide, Sweden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 10% random sample was drawn each year from the source population of all adults aged ≥ 65 in Sweden, 2006–2020 (cumulative <i>n</i> &gt; 3,000,000).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥ 5 medicines. Drug data were extracted from the National Prescribed Drug Register (NPDR) Medication use was assessed on 1st January (1-day point prevalence) each year based on the drug duration episodes. Age-Period-Cohort analysis was conducted to explore these effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 32.8% of older adults was exposed to polypharmacy in 2020 compared to 28.6% in 2006. This increase was more pronounced among individuals aged 85 to 89, from while the prevalence remained relatively steady among those aged 65 to 84. In the formal Age-Period-Cohort analysis, the cohort differences were weak for polypharmacy, but more prevalent for specific medication classes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polypharmacy is mainly influenced by age and period effects, but not by cohort. The rise in polypharmacy is primarily propelled by an increased pace in medication use among individuals aged 75 to 89 years. These findings can provide valuable insights for making effective strategies aimed at reducing polypharmacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Field Ablation: A Systematic Review","authors":"Poe Nu Htay,&nbsp;Mya Hnin Aung,&nbsp;Thiri May Sin,&nbsp;May Thet Naing Oo,&nbsp;Sai Say Han,&nbsp;Eaint Nadi Naing,&nbsp;Myat Soe Thet,&nbsp;Khin Maung Htay","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70439","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, leading to significant health and economic burdens. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a key treatment strategy, with pulsed field ablation (PFA) emerging as a promising method due to its specificity and reduced collateral damage compared to traditional thermal ablation techniques like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation (CB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE via Ovid, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.Gov. Studies reporting on the efficacy and safety of PFA in AF treatment were selected and analyzed. Quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 440 articles initially identified, 28 met the inclusion criteria. PVI using PFA demonstrated high success rates, with most studies reporting over 90% success. Durability stands around 65% after 1 year. Mortality was 0.06%–0.32%, while stroke rate was 0.3%–4.4%. There were no reported oesophageal injuries or pulmonary vein stenosis due to the highly selective electroporation-induced cell death caused by PFA rather than coagulative necrosis, sparing nearby structures. There is a short learning curve for PFA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PFA is a highly effective and safe ablation method. It offers an alternative to conventional thermal ablation strategies in the treatment of AF, showing promise to reduce the risk of collateral damage and complications associated with thermal ablation techniques. However, further research is needed to understand its long-term efficacy and safety fully and to standardize procedural protocols for wider clinical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in Hematology: Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy With Nanoparticles","authors":"Nima Torabi Fard,&nbsp;Melika Khademi,&nbsp;Aryan Salahi-Niri,&nbsp;Shadi Esmaeili","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70647","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, contribute significantly to global cancer diagnoses. Despite progress in conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, these treatments face limitations, including nonspecific targeting, side effects, and drug resistance. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), to improve therapeutic outcomes for these cancers by enhancing drug delivery and reducing toxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review examines recent advancements in NP-based therapies, focusing on their application in hematological malignancies. We discuss different types of NPs, including liposomes, polymeric, and inorganic NPs, for their potential in targeted drug delivery. The review also evaluates the current state of clinical trials and highlights challenges in the translation of nanomedicines from preclinical research to clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanoparticles, with their unique properties, offer significant advantages in drug delivery systems, such as enhanced stability, extended circulation time, and targeted tumor delivery. Various NP formulations have shown promise in clinical trials, including liposomal formulations like Vyxeos for acute myeloid leukemia and Marqibo for Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, challenges in toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and large-scale production still remain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanomedicine holds transformative potential in the treatment of hematological malignancies, offering more effective and specific therapies compared to conventional treatments. Continued research is necessary to overcome the clinical challenges and maximize the benefits of NP-based therapies for patients with blood cancers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Safety of Non-immunogenic Recombinant Staphylokinase in Elderly Patients With Massive Pulmonary Embolism: A Randomized Clinical Trial FORPE","authors":"Stanislav G. Leontyev,&nbsp;Elena B. Yarovaya,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Kutsenko,&nbsp;Oleg E. Ivlev,&nbsp;Anna G. Soplenkova,&nbsp;Andrey M. Semenov,&nbsp;Mikhail P. Semenov,&nbsp;Sergey V. Ivanov,&nbsp;Yulia A. Romashova,&nbsp;Sergey S. Markin","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70826","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major bleedings are the most limiting factor of the usage of thrombolytic agents in pulmonary embolism (PE), especially in elderly patients. Non-immunogenic staphylokinase is a recombinant staphylokinase with high thrombolytic activity, fibrin selectivity, and low immunogenic properties. We performed a post hoc analysis of safety outcomes in elderly patients with massive PE over 60 years' old who received non-immunogenic staphylokinase in FORPE trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized, open-label, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority FORPE trial was conducted at 23 clinical sites in Russia. A total of 310 patients aged 18 years and older with massive PE proven by computed tomography pulmonary angiography, right ventricular dysfunction, and hemodynamic instability were included. The patients were randomized for treatment either the non-immunogenic staphylokinase (15 mg) or alteplase (100 mg). Safety outcomes were hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding types 3 and 5 according to BARC classification within 7 days after randomization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No cases of hemorrhagic stroke or major bleeding were registered in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group, whereas there were five incidences (5%) of BARC type 3 + 5 bleedings in the alteplase group (<i>p</i> = 0.03). All major bleedings and fatal hemorrhagic stroke in patients treated with alteplase were registered only in elderly patients over 60 years old.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FORPE trial showed that the treatment of massive PE with hemodynamic instability with the non-immunogenic staphylokinase was safe in elderly patients over 60 years and can be used in emergency medicine in the real-world clinical practice. Future trials and PE registries are needed to make a final decision on safety of thrombolytic therapy with the non-immunogenic staphylokinase in elderly patients.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04688320).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Infection of Mucormycosis and COVID-19: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran","authors":"Javad Zarei,&nbsp;Hanieh Raji,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Alavi,&nbsp;Farid Yousefi,&nbsp;Nasrin Amirrajab","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70831","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of mucormycosis, a rare but often fatal fungal infection, gained significant attention due to its increased prevalence among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterize the clinical features of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed clinical data from patients admitted between November 2020 and November 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed individuals with concurrent diagnoses of COVID-19 and mucormycosis. Data collected included demographic details, clinical features, comorbidities, laboratory findings, and treatment information. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, and prevalence estimates were provided with 95% confidence intervals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 12,978 hospitalized patients during the study period, 31 individuals (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.2%–0.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. The prevalence was highest among male patients (54.8%) and those aged 60 years or older (48.4%). Diabetes was the most prevalent comorbidity, and the most frequent clinical symptoms included respiratory distress and cough. Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of co-infection, suggesting a greater vulnerability in this subgroup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19-associated mucormycosis primarily affects elderly male patients with underlying diabetes and severe COVID-19 illness. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention, particularly for high-risk individuals. Further research is warranted to optimize prevention and management strategies for this serious complication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Osteoarthritis in Iran: A National and Subnational Perspective, 1990−2019 Global Burden of Disease Study","authors":"Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri,&nbsp;Mohamad Mehdi Khadembashiri,&nbsp;Mohammad Saeid Khonji,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmadi,&nbsp;Niloofar Mirdamadi,&nbsp;Tannaz Ahadi,&nbsp;Gholamreza Raissi,&nbsp;Masumeh Bagherzadeh Cham,&nbsp;Hosna Soleymanzadeh,&nbsp;Hamid Ansari,&nbsp;Bijan Forogh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70829","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease caused by pro-inflammatory factors and protease activity, leading to progressive joint destruction. The data on a global scale indicate a substantial rise in OA. This study evaluates the burden of OA in Iran, given its high impact and the limited number of epidemiological studies on the condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data pertaining to the prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD), and incidence and age-standardized rates of OA in Iran and its subnational regions were retrieved using the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) Results Tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of OA in Iran was 5224.14 (4699.54–5821.43) and 5588.22 (5041.17–6228.61) in 1990 and 2019, which was lower than the global level. The knee was the most prevalent OA in both 1990 and 2019 in Iran, 3326.63 (2862.19–3841.62) and 3660.61 (3151.81–4228.27) respectively, followed by hand OA (1432.43 (1078.03–1922.21) in 1990 and 1476.24 (1107.91–1979.80) in 2019) and hip OA (239.08 (184.05–300.68) in 1990 and 277.65 (213.24–351.43) in 2019). The age-standardized YLD rate of OA in Iran was 180.96 (91.76–355.00) in 1990 and 195.27 (98.67–381.01) in 2019. The age-standardized YLD rate of site-specific OA followed the same trend as ASPR. Tehran province, followed by Alborz and Yazd provinces, had the highest ASPR of OA in 1990. In 2019, Tehran province (6144.94 (5526.53–6862.14)) remained at the first rank, followed by Mazandaran (5536.591 (4974.13–6165.62)) and Alborz (5512.88 (4946.79–6138.54)) provinces. Our findings show that the OA incidence rate peaked in the 55–59 age group in both males and females in 1990 and 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite being lower than global averages, the prevalence, incidence, and YLD due to OA in Iran have significantly increased over the past three decades. This highlights the need for healthcare policymakers to implement comprehensive strategies to manage OA burden and costs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age at First Sexual Intercourse and Multiple Sexual Partnership Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Bright Opoku Ahinkorah,&nbsp;Richard Gyan Aboagye,&nbsp;Irene Esi Donkoh,&nbsp;Joshua Okyere,&nbsp;Abdul-Aziz Seidu,&nbsp;Sanni Yaya","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70798","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is evidence that early sexual debut plays a key role in the sexual behaviours of individuals. This study examined the association between age at first sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partnership among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study included twenty-two sub-Saharan African countries with data sourced from the Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2022). We included a weighted sample of 69,194 adolescent girls and young women in our study. We presented the results of the proportion of adolescent girls and young women who practiced multiple sexual partnerships using ‘spmap’ in Stata. We performed a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association between age at first sex and multiple sexual partnerships, controlling for the covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, only 4.63% of adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa engaged in multiple sexual partnerships. The hotspot countries for multiple sexual partnerships were Gabon (13.98%), Liberia (11.36%), Cameroon (7.84%), Cote d'Ivoire (7.59%), Kenya (7.33%), Tanzania (6.74%), and Sierra Leone (6.69%). Compared to young women whose age at first sex was 18 years and above, those who had their first sexual intercourse from 15 to 17 years and 14 years and below had higher odds of engaging in multiple sexual partnerships ([aOR=2.28; 95%CI: 1.96, 2.65] and [aOR=3.28; 95%CI: 2.76, 3.89]), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study has shown that age at first sex is a risk factor for multiple sexual partnerships. Consequently, it becomes imperative for sub-Saharan African countries to develop policies and implement programs aimed at discouraging early sexual debut. One practical approach to achieve this is through the widespread adoption of comprehensive sex education programs across sub-Saharan African countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Burden of NCDs Among University Students and Associated Risk Factors Using the WHO STEPwise Approach: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Shahedul Islam,&nbsp;Marjia Sultana,&nbsp;Towhid Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Rezaul Karim,&nbsp;Mahmuda Akter Lina,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman Shanna,&nbsp;Md. Shamim Alam,&nbsp;Khadija Akter,&nbsp;Taspia Khanom,&nbsp;Syed Ashir Abrar,&nbsp;Md. Shah Poran","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise, even among university students, and is responsible for a high proportion of death and disability worldwide, especially in developing countries. Hence, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and distribution of risk factors for NCDs among university students in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 students from different universities in Bangladesh from October to November 2023 using a validated and structured WHO STEPS Questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 460 students, 63.7% were male, and most of the participants belonged to 21–25 years of age. A lower prevalence of smoking (10%) and alcohol consumption (2.8%) was observed among them. More than half of the students were involved in low physical activity ( &lt; 600 metabolic equivalent tasks [MET] minutes/week). Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (&lt; 5 servings daily) was more prevalent (80%) among the respondents. Approximately two-fifty of the participants were overweight/obese (Body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23 kg/m²). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, high blood sugar, and raised cholesterol was 24.1%, 8%, and 10.2%, respectively. Only 5.2% of students were free from any NCD risk factors, and each student had an average of two risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high prevalence of NCD risk factors among undergraduate and graduate university students warrants effective public health strategies to minimize the development of NCDs in their later lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}