Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Social Determinants Influencing Internet-Based Service Adoption Among Female Family Caregivers in Bangladesh: A Sociodemographic and Technological Analysis","authors":"Mohammad Ishtiaque Rahman, Jahangir Alam, Khadija Khanom, Forhan Bin Emdad","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70665","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family caregiving, particularly among females in Bangladesh, is a crucial yet understudied area, especially in terms of internet-based service adoption. Female caregivers face distinct sociocultural and economic challenges that influence their ability to utilize digital services. This study investigates the key factors affecting the adoption of internet-based services among female family caregivers in Bangladesh, addressing a gap in the literature by examining the intersection of gender, caregiving, and technology use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aims to empirically analyze the social, environmental, and economic factors influencing internet-based service adoption among female family caregivers in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic narrative review was conducted to identify relevant individual factors influencing internet-based service adoption among female caregivers in Bangladesh. This review informed the selection of predictor variables for the quantitative survey. The survey was administered to 392 female caregivers using purposive sampling. Data analysis employed advanced machine learning models, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Regression. The models were evaluated using performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy. Additionally, the feature importance of the best-performing model was assessed using permutation importance and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate that social influences, perceived usefulness, and family support significantly impact the adoption of internet-based services. Higher internet literacy, accessibility, and favorable government policies were associated with increased adoption. Economic factors such as household income and affordability of services also played a crucial role. SHAP analysis revealed that social networks, service reliability, and cost-effectiveness were the most influential factors driving adoption. Younger caregivers and those in urban areas demonstrated higher adoption rates due to better digital literacy and infrastructure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping internet service usage among female caregivers in Bangladesh. The findings empha","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight Among Under-Five Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys of 58,857 Children","authors":"Sulaimon T. Adedokun,&nbsp;Sanni Yaya","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70719","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low birth weight has become one of the major health challenges in the world with 19.8 million newborns suffering from it in 2020. Such children stand the risk of dying in their first month of life or are at a high risk of stunted growth, low intelligent quotient and other health challenges as they grow into adulthood. Despite efforts made so far in reducing the proportions of children with low birth weight, the problem persists in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the factors associated with low birth weight among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used data sets from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. About 58,857 children were involved in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with low birth weight at multivariable level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of low birth weight was 10% in sub-Saharan Africa with Mauritania (22.9%), Mali (16.5%) and Madagascar (12.2%) having the highest rates. It is most prevalent among children whose mothers have no education (11%), not working (11.5%) and had less than 4 ANC visits (11.4%). The odds of low birth weight increased significantly for children whose mothers belonged to middle and poor households, have no education, were not employed and had less than 4 ANC visits. Female children, children of first order birth and those that belonged to households with unsafe method of stool disposal were more likely to suffer from low birth weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study has revealed that 1 in every 10 children in sub-Saharan Africa suffered from low birth weight. There is a need for an urgent intervention that would reduce the proportion of children with low birth weight in the region. Such interventions should incorporate efforts to promote female adult and girl-child education and individual and household socioeconomic status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Bangladeshi University Students to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Tashfia Hossain,&nbsp;Ipshita Fariha Mahmood,&nbsp;Md. Sabbir Hossain,&nbsp;Nazifa Tabassum,&nbsp;Sowkat Jahan Shipa,&nbsp;Md Raihan Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70646","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent clinical condition all over the world. The study was conducted to determine the GERD prevalence among Bangladeshi university students using the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) score and to find out what factors are linked to the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was based on descriptive cross-sectional analysis. After a comprehensive literature review, a questionnaire was developed with some pre-structured options kept in the sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle sections along with the FSSG parameters. The tool was disseminated among students of different universities in Bangladesh. After receiving the responses, all the data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After scrutiny, 402 responses of the study participants were subjected to statistical analysis, and among participants, 57.2% (<i>N</i> = 230) were female and 42.8% (<i>N</i> = 172) were male. The GERD prevalence was 45.5% (<i>N</i> = 183), which indicated the FSSG score was more than 8 among 45.5% of the individuals. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eating beyond fullness (OR = 2.859, CI = 1.811–4.515), consumption of painkillers (OR = 2.237, CI = 1.370–3.653), anxiety (OR = 2.349, CI = 1.529–3.611), being stressed (OR = 2.255, CI = 1.456–3.494), quick eating habit (OR = 1.845, CI = 1.240–2.745), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.760, CI = 1.183–2.620), fast food consumption (OR = 1.613, CI = 1.082–2.404), eating sour and spicy food regularly (OR = 1.610, CI = 1.073–2.415), female gender (OR = 1.595, CI = 1.068–2.381), less interval between dinner and sleep (OR = 1.561, CI = 1.020–2.389), being alone most of the time (OR = 1.514, CI = 1.016–2.257), were significantly associated with the occurrence of GERD symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GERD symptoms were seen among a large number of university students. Various sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle-related factors had an impact on the disease; these contributing factors should be positively modified to alleviate the burden of GERD symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Group and Individual Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Happiness of Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Iran","authors":"Basad Terikani,&nbsp;Parvin Abedi,&nbsp;Maryam Gholamzadeh Jofreh,&nbsp;Maryam Dastoorpour,&nbsp;Poorandokht Afshari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Happiness is an important factor for decreased quality of life in some postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compare the effects of group and individual mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCT) on the happiness of postmenopausal women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a randomized controlled trial of 48 postmenopausal women who received group or individual MBCT counseling. Literate postmenopausal women aged 50–64 years, 1–10 years after menopause, and with Happiness Scale scores less than 40–42 were recruited for this study. A demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Women in the group counseling group received 8 sessions of counseling according to MBCT, while women in the individual counseling group received counseling individually. Independent <i>t</i>-tests, Chi-square tests and two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The scores of all components of happiness including self-concept, life satisfaction, mental preparation, active well-being, aesthetic sense, self-efficacy, and hope, increased in both groups immediately after and 1 month after the completion of the intervention. The total happiness score in the group counseling group improved from 33.39 ± 5.57 before the intervention to 48.91 ± 6.77 and 48 ± 6.38 after the intervention and during the follow-up period, respectively (<i>p</i> value &lt; 0.001). These scores in the individual counseling group improved from 32.13 ± 5.40 to 46.04 ± 7.80 and 45.13 ± 7.26 immediately after the intervention during the follow-up period, respectively (<i>p</i> value &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that although the scores of all components of happiness were slightly greater in the counseling group than the individual group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Using either method is recommended for increasing the happiness of postmenopausal women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) as a Long-Term Prognostic Factor Following CABG: Unveiling Insights From a Large-Scale Tertiary Center Registry Analysis","authors":"Abolfazl Salari,&nbsp;Parvin Kalhor,&nbsp;Ahmad Vakili-Basir,&nbsp;Houshang Bavandpour Karvane,&nbsp;Mina Pashang,&nbsp;Mojgan Ghavami,&nbsp;Arash Jalali,&nbsp;Farshid Alaeddini,&nbsp;Farzad Masoudkabir","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70616","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The role of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in predicting major adverse cerebro-cardiovascular events (MACCE) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery has not been fully explored. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of AIP in predicting MACCE and its individual components following CABG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a large-scale retrospective study conducted on patients who underwent isolated CABG. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and MACCE, which included acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/transient ischemia attack (TIA), revascularization, and all-cause mortality. Proportional Hazard (PH) Cox regression, considering stabilized Inverse probability weightings (IPW), was conducted after verifying the PH assumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Totally, 23,432 patients analyzed with median 111.4-month follow-up duration. After weighting all variables, a higher AIP was associated with a significantly increased risk of MACCE (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Furthermore, AIP was a significant predictor of the risk of revascularization (HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30; <i>p</i> = 0.034) and ACS (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01–1.17; <i>p</i> = 0.020). However, AIP couldn't be a prognostic factor for all-cause mortality and CVA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AIP predicts MACCE, revascularization, and ACS after CABG, serving as a readily accessible prognostic factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Babies Born With Neural Tube Defects and Geospatial Mapping of Therapeutic Services: A Systematic Review","authors":"Yvan Zolo,&nbsp;Dalle Ulrich David,&nbsp;Moses Isiagi,&nbsp;Salome Maswime","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70620","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are an important global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. Enhancing access to healthcare for children born with NTDs is crucial for improving health systems and service delivery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review to assess the global prevalence of NTDs and the accessibility of healthcare services. Our search spanned databases like PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus, focusing on NTD prevalence, healthcare service mapping, and access barriers. We followed a standardized data extraction process, and the study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023425843).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 3067 records, 65 studies met our inclusion criteria, mainly focusing on newborns. The study durations range from 6 months to 40 years. The NTD prevalence was between 0.4 and 215.13 per 10,000 births, with Spina Bifida, Anencephaly, and Encephalocele being the most common. The African region was the WHO region with the highest prevalence, while the Western Pacific Region had the lowest prevalence. One study used geospatial mapping to identify healthcare access barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed wide disparities in the prevalence rates of NTDs with the African region having the highest prevalence. Geospatial mapping was not used to assess access to healthcare services for children born with NTDs in almost all the studies. This underscores the global challenge of access to surgical care for children born with NTDs and the need for strengthening healthcare services in settings with high prevalences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary Repair Therapy as a Trending Topic in Discogenic Pain: A Bibliometric Study Over the Past 40 Years","authors":"Zhouyang Hu,&nbsp;Lijun Li,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xu,&nbsp;Jianjin Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxin Fan,&nbsp;Xiang Liao","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70664","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bibliometric analysis has been frequently employed for visualizing trends within a particular scientific domain. The pain associated with discogenic origins has a significant impact on one's quality of life, but there is currently a lack of bibliometric analysis in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to examine related research in the field and identify the latest topics that are currently trending by conducting a bibliometric analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Bibliometrix which developed in the statistical R-packages was used for the data analysis. All related eligible publications were identified, and studies published from 1982 to 2023 were extracted from the Web of Science database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disc repair, bone marrow cells, platelet-rich plasma, and the activation of inflammatory responses were identified as the trending topics after analyzing 977 journal articles. The most productive and influential journal was SPINE (Phila Pa 1976), which accounted for the largest publications and highest <i>H</i> index. The most productive and locally cited authors were Takahashi K., Ohtori S., and Aoki Y. from Chiba University. The top three productive and globally cited institutions were Chiba University, followed by University of California San Francisco and Korea University. The USA, China, and Japan were demonstrated as the most productive and globally cited countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study performed the first bibliometric analysis on discogenic pain and provided valuable insights into the latest trending topics in the field. Analysis reveals that recent research has primarily focused on complementary and regenerative approaches for repairing painful discs, as well as the role of inflammatory responses in disc pathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People in Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Abdella Gemechu,&nbsp;Adane Mihret,&nbsp;Mesfin Mengesha,&nbsp;Dawit Hailu Alemayehu,&nbsp;Eleni Kidane,&nbsp;Abraham Aseffa,&nbsp;Rawleigh Howe,&nbsp;Berhanu Seyoum,&nbsp;Andargachew Mulu","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Ethiopia, HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) data are limited owing to a lack of routine genotyping resistance tests. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 PDR mutations and genetic diversity among newly diagnosed people with HIV in eastern Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HIV RNA was extracted using Abbott m2000sp. HIV-1 partial pol genes were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method. DRM profiles were examined and interpreted according to the calibrated population resistance (CPR) and Stanford University HIV drug resistance algorithms. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using PhyML version 3.0 and visualized using the iTOL tool. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify baseline factors associated with outcomes at a <i>p</i> value of &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among newly diagnosed individuals with baseline viral load (≥ 1000 copies/mL) and amplifications were successful, the genotyping success rate was 78.4%. Among the isolates successfully sequenced, three HIV-1 strains were detected, of which 97.1% had HIV-1 subtype C, 1.4% A1C, and 1.4% CF1 recombinant. According to the Stanford HIVDR algorithm, 21.7% of people had at least one drug associated PDR mutation, whereas CPR reported 14.5% DRMs. NNRTIs had the highest PDR mutation rate (13.0%), followed by NRTIs (7.2%) and PIs (2.9%). The most commonly observed major DRMs were: NNRTIs (K103N and G190A), NRTIs (D67G and L210W), and PIs (L90M and I54S). Patients who were bedridden at enrollment were more likely to harbor PDR mutations (AOR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.53–30.7).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High PDR levels, predominantly for NNRTIs, are observed. During clinical follow-up, special attention should be given to bedridden functional status patients. Further surveillance studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of prolonged accumulation of resistance and its transmission on current ART regimens and to design appropriate interventions to halt the HIV epidemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Response to Valsartan and Its Relationship With AGT M235T Genotype and Other Nongenetic Parameters Among a Sample of Hypertensive Individuals in Jordan: A Prospective Pilot Study","authors":"Hussein Alhawari,&nbsp;Yazun Jarrar,&nbsp;Malek Zihlif,&nbsp;Ayman Wahbeh,&nbsp;Sameeha Alshelleh,&nbsp;Khaled Ojjoh,&nbsp;Dalia Abdelrazaq,&nbsp;Hussam Alhawari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70611","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor antagonist widely used in hypertension and heart failure management, exhibits noticeable interindividual variation in response among hypertensive patients at the University of Jordan Hospital. The <i>angiotensinogen (AGT)</i> gene variant <i>M235T</i>, a functional genetic variant, influences the renin-angiotensin system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore interindividual variations in the valsartan response, considering genetics, particularly the <i>AGT M235T</i> variant, and other nongenetic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort study involved 95 unrelated Arabic Jordanians diagnosed with essential hypertension. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements were taken at the initiation of 160 mg valsartan and after 1 month of treatment, assessing the valsartan response for each patient. Genetic analysis of <i>AGT M235T</i> was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping method. Anthropometric data were collected from University of Jordan Hospital computer records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Valsartan response assessment revealed diverse individual responses, the response to valsartan varied, with SBP reductions from &lt; 10 to &gt; 70 mmHg and DBP from &lt; 2 to 30 mmHg. Patients with homozygous <i>AGT M235T</i> genotypes showed a less significant response (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) to valsartan than heterozygous and reference genotypes. Additionally, results indicated a positive correlation of age (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and a negative correlation of height (<i>p</i> = 0.02–0.04) with the valsartan response. Regression analysis demonstrated that the patients' sex significantly influenced the valsartan response (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identifies the <i>AGT M235T</i> genotype as a potential genetic contributor to variability in the valsartan response. Associations with age, height, and sex underscore the importance of considering genetic and demographic factors in tailoring valsartan therapy, for advancing personalized hypertension management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasminogen as a Marker for Assessing Thrombotic Risk During Hepatitis in Cameroon: Case–Control Study","authors":"Romaric De Manfouo Tuono,&nbsp;Marius Mbiandjeu Tchoumke,&nbsp;Winy Asdrid Djoumeni Tepe,&nbsp;Winnie Ketcha Jeuta,&nbsp;Simon Ngamli Fewou","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70648","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The liver synthesizes coagulation factors, anticoagulants, proteins involved in fibrinolysis, and the platelet production regulator, thrombopoietin, from megakaryocytes. Importantly, hepatic dysfunction that arises from hepatitis may perturb the clotting process. This study aims to determine these patients' plasminogen levels and hemostasis disorders to assess the thrombotic risk.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;An analytical case-control study was carried out over 6 months. The study included hepatitis B, C, and D patients from Bafoussam Regional Hospital and Laquinitie Hospital in Douala-Cameroon, compared to healthy controls, to evaluate differences in hemostasis and thrombotic risk. Control tests were performed using the immunochromatographic and ELISA methods. Blood Count was performed by flow cytometry method. And determination of &lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-dimer and plasminogen by nephelometry and ELISA respectively; finally the evaluation of the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) by the spectrophotometric kinetic method. The results were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical software R version 4.1.1.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The population size was 340 participants including 162 controls (47.7%) and 178 (52.3%) cases of which 136 cases of hepatitis B (76.4%), 26 cases of hepatitis C (14.6%), and 16 cases of hepatitis D (9%). The sex ratio was 3.15 in favor of men; including 1.7 in cases and 9.1 in controls. All patients had a thrombotic risk characterized by a decrease in plasminogen levels compared to controls (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). 13.5% of the population had thrombocytopenia compared to none among controls (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The following parameters are associated with risk of developing thrombosis in this study in particular Hepatitis (aOR = 3; 95% CI [1.01–5.2]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.03), plasminogen decrease (aOR = 3; 95% CI [1.01–5.2]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.03), shortening cephalin time activator (CTA) (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI [1.1–5.2]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.04), and decreased hemoglobin (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI [1.1–5.1;]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.03).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study shows a decrease in plasminogen in patients during hepatitis. It suggests it is an important element to evaluate the thrombotic risk although the exploration of other coagulation tests should be associated with it for a complete and exhaustive evaluation and a better final diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}