Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Candida auris Infection After the COVID-19 Pandemic Seems to be an Urgent Public Health Emergency: A Call to Attention","authors":"Md. Ashrafur Rahman,&nbsp;Evangelos Victoros,&nbsp;Yeasna Shanjana,&nbsp;Marie Roke Thomas,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inconsequential diseases can sometimes become extremely dangerous through mutation. Antifungal resistance has increased by 24%, and resistance only due to <i>Candida auris</i> (<i>C. auris</i>) species have increased by 60%. Here, we aimed to assess the knowledge of antifungal treatment and preventative measures to mitigate the consequences of infections caused by <i>C. auris</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a comprehensive literature search and gathered information for this review from publicly available published articles. We used <i>C. auris</i>, <i>C. auris</i> infection, mycoses, and antifungal resistance as search terms in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We extracted the relevant information from the available article after careful evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genus <i>C. auris</i> was especially difficult to diagnose, as it was often mistaken for other types of yeast and led to incorrect treatment. The only effective method for diagnosing <i>C. auris</i> is through blood culture testing in laboratories and PCR tests. Because of its mutation, <i>C. auris</i> has grown increasingly resistant to all three classes of antifungals, with almost all strains resistant to fluconazole. These resistances were traced back to multiple-point mutations in certain genes, such as ERG11 in the case of fluconazole and amphotericin B. In addition, <i>C. auris is</i> phylogenetically related to <i>C. haemulonii</i>, an emerging pathogen notably resistant to antifungals. So, it may be an evolutionary resistance that occurred earlier but has only begun to spread now. Echinoderm, a reliable treatment for <i>C. auris</i> infections showed ineffectively against FKS1 and ERG3 gene mutated <i>Candida</i> strains. Newly developed antifungal agents, like Ibrexafungerp, showed promising results against echinocandin-resistant strains in clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Without vaccines and effective treatment, its capacity to mutate and spread has detrimental effects on humans. Therefore, extensive research on drug development, quick, reliable diagnosis, and effective strategies for disease prevention and treatment are required to mitigate the health impact of <i>C. auris</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Routine to Crisis: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Antibiotic Consumption in Iran","authors":"Satar Rezaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Bazyar,&nbsp;Sina Ahmadi,&nbsp;Abdolvahed Khodamoradi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the healthcare sector, influencing patients, providers, and the overall system. This study evaluates how the pandemic affected antibiotic prescriptions among 44 million Iranians insured by the Social Security Organization (SSO).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this quasi-experimental study, we utilized monthly aggregated data on antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 individuals insured by the SSO. We employed a single-group interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) over a period of 72 months, from March 20, 2016 to February 19, 2020 for the pre-pandemic phase, and from February 20, 2020 to March 20, 2022, for the during-pandemic period. Additionally, we conducted a multiple-group ITSA to assess the differential impact of the pandemic on antibiotic consumption between the direct (SSO-owned medical centers) and indirect (other private or public centers contracted by the SSO) sectors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed a 30% reduction in the monthly average antibiotic consumption rate when comparing the during-pandemic period to pre-pandemic usage across the total sector. The results from the single-group ITSA indicated that the mean antibiotic consumption per 1000 individuals at baseline was 1664. Following the onset of the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in antibiotic prescriptions, dropping to 484 per 1000 individuals (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in the first month. However, during the pandemic period, antibiotic prescriptions exhibited insignificant monthly increases, averaging 10.7 per 1000 insured individuals. The multiple-group ITSA revealed that both sectors experienced a decline in antibiotic prescriptions after the outbreak of COVID-19. Notably, the indirect sector demonstrated a greater reduction, with a decrease of 187 prescriptions per 1000 insured individuals in the first month following the pandemic's onset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study found a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption. Further research is needed to compare antibiotic use between hospitals and outpatient centers, as well as among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can International Classification of Disease Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) be a solution to overcome neglected tragedy? A scoping reviews","authors":"Marziyhe Meraji,&nbsp;Masoumeh Jafari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 5 million perinatal deaths occur annually worldwide, with a significant proportion of them being preventable. The International Classification of Disease Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) is the first globally developed classification system for categorizing the causes of perinatal deaths. The objective of this study is to identify and describe the experiences gained from the international utilization of ICD-PM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SCR) was conducted through a comprehensive search using relevant keywords in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from January 2016 to April 20, 2022 to identify relevant studies. The selection of studies was based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After removing duplicate studies and reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, a total of 32 studies were included in the analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary search ended up with 229 studies, of which 32 articles were included in the final analysis. Based on the results of the content analysis conducted on the selected studies, six main themes and eight strategies were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that the utilization of ICD-PM on a global scale has been limited. The forthcoming advancement of ICD presents a chance to assess and enhance ICD-PM to establish it as a universally recognized standard system for classifying perinatal mortalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From photonic technologies to microfluidics—A review on the techniques which revolutionize liquid biopsy, opening a new era in cancer therapy","authors":"Subham Sarkar,&nbsp;Soubhagya Ghosh,&nbsp;Samraggi Chakraborty,&nbsp;Jenifer Rajak,&nbsp;Ekanansha R. Chowdhury,&nbsp;Arup K. Mitra,&nbsp;Ajoy Kumer,&nbsp;Bikram Dhara","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer therapy is one of the most researched upon medical field in the world. Non invasive technologies such as liquid biopsy are gaining more importance in cancer therapy because of their manifold advantages over traditional invasive biopsy methods. Liquid biopsy is used to analyze nucleic acids such as ctDNA, cfDNA and RNA, cellular and subcellular components such as proteins, extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor cells in various biological fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid and ascites fluid for diagnosis of cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liquid biopsy has a wide range of applications such as assessment of residual diseases and tumors which cannot be biopsied easily and prediction of CAR-T response and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It can also be used to know the efficacy of cancer drugs in a patient by analyzing multiple samples. Liquid biopsy is becoming more popular as it allows biopsy of those samples in which solid tumor biopsies are challenging or impracticable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Techniques and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To achieve comprehensive insight on the status of cancer in a patient, various cutting edge liquid biopsy techniques have been developed. Microfluidics and photonic technologies, along with PCR, next generation sequencing, advanced and innovative molecular and cell biology approaches and imaging techniques have expanded the domain of liquid biopsy and elevated the accuracy of liquid biopsy results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review discusses about the contributions of some widely used methods along with microfluidics and photonic technologies in detection of cancer biomarkers by liquid biopsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people living with HIV and on antiretroviral treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","authors":"Amogelang Sedibe,&nbsp;Khanyisa Maswanganyi,&nbsp;Nomusa C. Mzimela,&nbsp;Mlindeli Gamede","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common hepatic condition globally. The prevalence of MASLD continues to increase, paralleling the consistent rising rates of risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Literature suggests that human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV-infected) individuals may have an increased risk of developing MASLD due to a complex interplay of factors including antiretroviral therapy. Since the development and widespread use of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-induced liver disease has continued to be the predominant cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. This protocol serves to narrate the methods that will be employed in conducting the published literature search for the systematic review and meta-analysis which will report on the global prevalence of MASLD on people living with HIV and on ARV treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search of literature will be done using search engines or electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and ResearchGate. Specific keywords will be used to search literature that has reported on the prevalence of MASLD among HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment, this will ensure the reproducibility of the study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies, retrospective cohort studies, clinical trial studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews that were published in the English language from 1990 to 2024 will be included. Animal studies will be excluded. Three independent reviewers will conduct the selection process and select studies that meet the eligibility criteria. A quality assessment tool, Downs and Blacks will be used to assess the risk of bias of the selected studies. A review manager will be used for meta-analysis of collected data and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool will assess the strength of evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Ethics, dissemination, and registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review will not require ethical clearance as it will only include data that is publicly available in published reports. The results of this review will be disseminated through publications. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024516814).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Types and Effectiveness of Mobile Health Applications Used in Improving Oral Cancer Knowledge: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review","authors":"Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi,&nbsp;Afeez Abolarinwa Salami,&nbsp;Kamini Shah,&nbsp;Fatemeh Vida Zohoori,&nbsp;Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The global burden of oral cancer (OC) is enormous. Mobile health applications have been found to play a promising role in cancer prevention; however, no known systematic review evidence exists on whether the use of mobile health applications is effective in increasing public knowledge of OC or not. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the types and effectiveness of mobile health applications used for improving OC knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study adopted a mixed methods systematic review design. The review methodology was informed by Joanna Brigg's Institute's PRISMA checklist and the AMSTAR-2 guidelines. The literature used for this review were obtained through the search of multiple sources, including 12 electronic databases, web sources, and manual searching of the reference lists and citations of the included articles. Quality appraisal of the included articles was done using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, after which relevant data were collected, synthesized, and configured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of three high-quality articles, from two studies conducted in India, were included in this review. The studies investigated 574 participants, who are predominantly doctors and community members, on two Android-based mobile health applications (M-OncoED and Prayaas). Only Prayaas was found to significantly increase OC knowledge among its users (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Only M-OncoED was found to significantly increase the practice of OC screening advice provision among a selected group of users. No other significant finding was reported on the effect of OC knowledge obtained from the use of these applications on clinical, behavioral, and epidemiological outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mobile health application-based education is a highly underutilised but very promising strategy that can be used to improve public knowledge of OC. This strategy needs to be adopted in public education programmes on OC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of SIRT1 (rs3758391 T > C) polymorphism against T2DM and its complications: Influence on GPx activity","authors":"Rozita Naseri,&nbsp;Farnaz Khalili,&nbsp;Zohreh Rahimi,&nbsp;Kheirolah Yari,&nbsp;Mansour Rezaei","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) has antidiabetic effects through the regulation of insulin secretion and modulation of inflammation. The <i>SIRT1</i> rs3758391 gene polymorphism affects the level of SIRT1. The current study aimed to investigate the possible influence of <i>SIRT1</i> gene variants in relation to oxidative stress parameters on the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case-control study 398 individuals including 300 patients with T2DM (100 T2DM without complication, 100 diabetic neuropathy patients and 100 patients with diabetic retinopathy) and 98 healthy subjects were studied for <i>SIRT1</i> rs3758391 T &gt; C variants. Also, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative status (TOS) were determined by colorimetric methods. <i>SIRT1</i> genotypes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The C allele of <i>SIRT1</i> reduced the risk of T2DM, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Significantly lower levels of GSH, GPx, and TAC were found in diabetic patients compared to control group. However, the level of MDA was significantly higher in patients compared to healthy individuals. Considering all individuals, the GPx activity increased in the presence of the <i>SIRT1</i> CC, and TC genotypes compared to the TT genotype. Among all studied individuals the activity of GPx was significantly higher in normal body mass index (BMI) subjects than overweight, and obese individuals. However, among overweight and obese diabetic, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy patients the mean level of TOS was significantly higher compared to patients with normal BMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest a protective role for <i>SIRT1</i> C allele against T2DM and diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy. We found in the presence of this allele the GPx activity increased. Also, we detected an enhanced oxidative stress level among overweight and obese patients with diabetes and its complications that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the cost-effectiveness of a chloramine gel in treating infected, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers","authors":"Julian F. Guest,&nbsp;Björn Eliasson","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organic chloramines have been developed as a topical wound bed preparation gel. This study aimed to estimate whether the addition of chloramine gel (Chlorasolv, RLS Global AB, Sweden) to standard care compared with standard care alone would afford a cost‑effective technology to the UK's health services for treating infected, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Markov model was developed to simulate the management of infected, non-healing DFUs. The model utilised data from a randomised controlled trial and was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of chloramine plus standard care compared with standard care alone over a period of 24 weeks, expressed as the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained at 2021/22 prices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using adjunctive chloramine to treat infected, non-healing DFUs was found to shorten the time to healing by 36% (from a mean of 17.1 weeks per ulcer to a mean of 11.0 weeks per ulcer). This translated into a 6% improvement in the probability of being healed by 24 weeks and a corresponding 3% improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Also, use of adjunctive chloramine was found to reduce the total cost of ulcer management by 13%. Sensitivity analysis found that adjunctive chloramine remained a cost-effective treatment, even when the value of the model inputs was varied by ±20%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the limitations of the study, treatment with adjunctive chloramine instead of standard care alone could potentially afford the UK's health services a cost-effective debridement strategy for infected, non-healing DFUs, due to its ability to accelerate the time to healing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index Are Repeatable and Reproducible Measures of Arterial Function","authors":"Sophie L. Russell,&nbsp;Mushidur Rahman,&nbsp;Charles J. Steward,&nbsp;Amy E. Harwood,&nbsp;Gordon McGregor,&nbsp;Prithwish Banerjee,&nbsp;Nduka C. Okwose,&nbsp;Djordje G. Jakovljevic","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70155","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Arterial function (specifically arterial stiffness) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) are established indicators of arterial function. The present study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of PWV and Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Forty healthy participants (age 33 ± 11 years, 17 females) underwent resting supine PWV and Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; assessments. Measurements were made in triplicate and repeated 1 week apart. Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; was measured by brachial occlusion and PWV was measured from the carotid artery to the femoral artery via the tonometer-oscillometric method. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Interoperator reproducibility was performed on 10 participants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The average values for week-to-week visits for PWV and Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; were 6.20 ± 0.91 versus 6.13 ± 0.91 ms&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and 14.0 ± 11.8 versus 16.3 ± 12.2% respectively. For same-day measurements, both PWV and Al&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; showed excellent repeatability (PWV: ICC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98, &lt;i&gt;p","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of l-carnitine on frailty status in patients with liver cirrhosis: A randomized-controlled trial","authors":"Nasrin Motazedian,&nbsp;Anita Ashari,&nbsp;Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Mehrab Sayadi,&nbsp;Sarina Pourjafar,&nbsp;Nazanin Motazedian,&nbsp;Vahid Khademi,&nbsp;Alireza Shamsaeefar,&nbsp;Ahad Eshraghian","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frailty is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is linked with augmented rates of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, timely nutritional assessment and intervention have gained scientific attention. L-carnitine may be a promising candidate with its potential to enhance energy metabolism, reduce inflammation, and act as an antioxidant. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of <span>l</span>-carnitine supplementation on frailty status and liver function in adults with liver cirrhosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial study enrolled 77 patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (<i>n</i> = 42) and the <span>l</span>-carnitine group (<i>n</i> = 35). The <span>l</span>-carnitine group received 500 mg of <span>l</span>-carnitine orally three times a day for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>L-carnitine administration resulted in a significant decrease in alanine transaminase levels (<i>p</i>: 0.043) and partial thromboplastin time (<i>p</i>: 0.036). Furthermore, compared to the control group, <span>l</span>-carnitine treatment led to improvements in prothrombin time (<i>p</i>: 0.008) and international normalized ratio (<i>p</i>: 0.024). However, no significant improvement in the Liver Frailty Index, Freid Frailty Index, and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) was observed in the carnitine group after the 8-week intervention period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, the administration of <span>l</span>-carnitine exhibited hepatoprotective properties and was correlated with lowered alanine transaminase levels with improvement in coagulation status in liver cirrhosis patients. Nevertheless, our study indicated that the short-term use of <span>l</span>-carnitine might not significantly improve frailty in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}