Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Practical Steps to Design Brucellosis Preventive Interventions: An Intervention Mapping Approach","authors":"Arash Ziapour,&nbsp;Farshid Rezaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Jafarzadeh,&nbsp;Nasim Mirzaei,&nbsp;Eslam Moradi-Asl,&nbsp;Nazila Nejhaddadgar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70369","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Common diseases between humans and animals are one of the health problems of countries, which requires targeted intervention. The intervention mapping model provides guidance for choosing the most appropriate methods and applications. Since one of the most important challenges in the endemic areas of Iran is the control of brucellosis. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the intervention mapping model and its steps to design interventions to prevent this disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, the practical steps of the Brucellosis prevention intervention were carried out with the intervention mapping approach in six steps from July 2023 to December 2023. In the first step, needs assessment was done through literature review, semi-structured in-depth interview and checklist. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed. After selecting intervention methods based on theory and practical applications, and producing program components and materials, the intervention was implemented and evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intervention mapping helped us in designing and implementing the brucellosis control educational program with the participation of participants, specifying the definition of results, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods, practical applications, intervention design, implementation and step-by-step evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intervention mapping approach ensures the transparency of all intervention components and it provides a useful approach for developing behavior change interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Audience Response System in Changing Students' Attitudes Towards Lectures During Training Courses; A Before-After Study","authors":"Farzad Zareie,&nbsp;Rahim Baghaei,&nbsp;Naser Sheykhi,&nbsp;Davood Rasouli","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70366","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary teaching approach known as “traditional lecture” has drawbacks, including being dull and reducing student participation, which has made students feel negatively about it. It seems that by implementing certain changes, active learning techniques like the “Audience Response System” could alter students' perceptions of lectures. The purpose of this study is to find out how employing “ARS” throughout a course has affected nursing students' perceptions of traditional lectures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In present research, 44 nursing students participated in quasi-experimental study (Pretest-Posttest Design). A 5-item, 5-point Likert questionnaire and a pre-test question regarding the degree of participation during lecture were used to gauge the students' attitudes towards lectures. Following that, a six-session pharmacology course including “Lectures + ARS” was held. Following the completion of the course, the original questionnaire, a posttest question regarding attitudes, and four 3-point Likert items regarding students' opinions regarding the use of ARS going forward were used to assess changes in the students' attitudes towards lectures. SPSS Ver. 26 was used for the data analysis. <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 was taken into consideration as the significance threshold.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In comparison to before the course, the students' attitudes towards lectures had changed in a positive and significant way, specifically in items such as learning quality improvement, decreasing boredom, increasing participation and class activity. However, in the domain of “decreasing the use of lecture,” the ARS had failed to change the students' attitudes. 79.6% of students stated that the ARS had changed their attitudes towards lectures. More than 90% of students agreed with continued use of ARS in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lecturing could transform from a passive position to an active position by implementing ARS. Lecture + ARS could lead to improvement in students' class participation and activity, both of which are essential factors of an optimal education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irregular Pulse and Cardiovascular Disease From NHANES (1999–2018): A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Qingping Zeng,&nbsp;Weihong Chang,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Hongxuan Fan,&nbsp;Aman Liu,&nbsp;Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Fei She,&nbsp;Boda Zhou","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pulse is an easily accessible life sign, while irregular pulse could be easily detected in daily life during blood pressure test. However, whether irregular pulse was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or mortality has not been reported on a large population scale. Here, we investigated the association between irregular pulse, CVD, and CVD mortality, to explore the potential of irregular pulse as screening indicator for CVD and mortality, thus influencing health policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 through 2018 and linked mortality information until 2019. Eligible participants were adults with valid records of self-report CVD and pulse characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included data from 49,681 participants in the analysis. Compared with regular pulse group, irregular pulse group demonstrated an increased risk of CVD (1.34, [1.14, 1.58]), especially heart failure (1.75, [1.37, 2.24]) and coronary heart disease (1.27, [1.01, 1.60]). Irregular pulse group showed an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR 1.29, [95% CI, 1.17–1.42]) and CVD mortality (HR 1.53, [95% CI, 1.30–1.81]) compared with regular pulse group. The findings suggest that irregular pulse was associated with CVD and mortality. Participants with irregular pulse were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI [1.17, 1.42], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and CVD mortality (HR 1.53, [1.30, 1.81], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study found that people with irregular pulse have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality than people with regular pulse. These findings highlight the importance of health screening and risk management for people with irregular pulse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open-Label Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Alone or in Combination With Oral Azacitidine as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers","authors":"Vinod K. Ramani,&nbsp;Srimonta Gayen,&nbsp;Radheshyam Naik","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy depends in part on the genetic and epigenetic makeup of cancer cells, and CD8 T-lymphocytes that mediate immune responses. Epigenetics are heritable reversible changes in gene expression that occur without any changes in the nuclear DNA sequence or DNA copy number.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Primary Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>i. To determine if non-cytotoxic oral azacytidine when combined with pembrolizumab can improve ORRs of ICI treatment in patients with recurrent/metastatic tumors of head and neck region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Secondary Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>i. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness endpoints and toxicity of oral azacytidine when combined with pembrolizumab. ii. To assess the induction of a T-cell response among the study subjects. iii. To examine the hypotheses on the predictive biomarkers of response to pembrolizumab, and the mechanisms of resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our trial is a Phase 2 randomized study of immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab given in combination with azacitidine (HMA). The intervention model includes “Parallel assignment,” with the primary purpose of the trial being treatment. The primary effectiveness endpoint is overall RECIST-defined response. To accomplish this goal, 232 patients will be randomized 1:1 (116 in each arm), respectively, to azacitidine plus pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab only groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this trial, molecular profiling of tumor and peripheral blood samples will be conducted which will enable in gaining biological insights for survival benefit. The expected primary outcome assessed at a time frame of 2 years includes the objective response rate of patients measured as per RECIST 1.1 criteria. The secondary outcomes assessed at 2 years include progression-free survival, time to progression, overall survival, and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this trial will have translational implications, in terms of immune reprogramming induced by epigenetic therapy among a subset of advanced H &amp; N cancer patients in a clinical setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Needs, and Perspectives of Individuals Living Alone With Dementia: An Integrative Review","authors":"Sara J. Crance,&nbsp;Fang Yu","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70348","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The number of individuals living alone with dementia is increasing throughout the world, and they have unique needs that are poorly understood. The aim of this integrative review was to understand the characteristics, needs, and perspectives of individuals living alone with dementia as well as the available community resources to guide future research and clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) and manual searches were utilized to identify articles using MeSH terms. Among 5693 identified articles, 31 articles met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the articles was determined utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools applicable to the study design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals living alone with dementia are more likely to be widows, of older age, and lower income, have a higher risk of severe loneliness despite more social contact, higher functional ability, and higher unmet needs despite the use of services, compared to those living with others. Perspectives of individuals living alone with dementia focus on the uncertainty of diagnosis, cognitive fluctuations, and maintaining independence. Lack of specialized services available after diagnosis and barriers to accessing services may lead to decreased independence and increased uncertainty. Overall, there is a lack of specialized services, person-centered care, and support to meet their unique needs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals living alone with dementia have unique characteristics, unmet needs, and use of available services, which should be assessed regularly. Future research is needed to develop community-based, person-centered services for them and remove barriers to service use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli With Focus on Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase at a Tertiary Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Khalid M. Alameer,&nbsp;Bandar M. Abuageelah,&nbsp;Rena H. Alharbi,&nbsp;Mona H. Alfaifi,&nbsp;Eman Hurissi,&nbsp;Moayad Haddad,&nbsp;Nabil Dhayhi,&nbsp;Abdulelah S. Jafar,&nbsp;Mousa Mobarki,&nbsp;Hassan Awashi,&nbsp;Shaqraa Musawi,&nbsp;Abdulaziz M. Alameer,&nbsp;Shatha H. Kariri,&nbsp;Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70378","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent bacterial infection that has substantial implications for healthcare on a global scale. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a gram-negative rod responsible for most UTI cases. ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> is widely recognized as a significant contributor to antibiotic resistance. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance trends of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in patients with UTIs at a tertiary hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 347 urine specimens collected between January 2022 and March 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that 31% of <i>E. coli</i> specimens were positive for ESBL. Among patients with ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>, 78.9% were females, and the majority of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> cases were observed in the outpatient clinic departments. Among all <i>E. coli</i> isolates, ampicillin exhibited the highest resistance rate at 69.3%, aztreonam at 66.7%, and colistin at the lowest resistance. ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains exhibited higher resistance rates than non-ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study agrees with others in the region and shows a higher prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in the region, emphasizing the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs and infection control measures to mitigate the prevalence and spread of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in our region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Recruitment Strategies for Creating an Inclusive Tenure Track Faculty in Health Sciences: A Cohort Study","authors":"Maripat Corr,&nbsp;Vivian Reznik,&nbsp;Deborah Wingard,&nbsp;Danielle Fettes,&nbsp;Virginia Hazen,&nbsp;Maria Elena Martinez,&nbsp;JoAnn Trejo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70363","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Health Sciences (HS) benefit from multiple perspectives and experiences which improve problem-solving, increase innovation, and can lead to higher-impact scientific publications in biomedical research [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. The effort to create an inclusive tenure track faculty (TTF) in HS has been slow to reflect the diversity of the current scientific and biomedical trainee population [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. At the University of California (UC) San Diego HS, TTF positions are limited by the number of state-funded salary lines and these positions turnover slowly with a separation rate of ∼3% (averaged over 5 years), compared to other faculty series (∼6%). Another barrier to the inclusiveness of TTF in HS is the traditional practice of hiring faculty in individual departments, which relies on conducting single recruitments in target scientific areas. This conventional practice has resulted in searches with relatively narrow research foci and small pools of applicants that rarely reflect the diversity of the national trainee pool and surrounding community [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An alternative approach is cluster hiring, which has been adapted by multiple institutions to attract diverse pools of applicants and to seed large, cooperative initiatives with early-career faculty [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. UC San Diego employed varied strategies to manage successive cluster hires that included HS Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, Public Health, and the main campus (referred here as cross-campus). This study assesses the impact of these broader recruitments on the characteristics of TTF in HS over a 5 year time period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was approved by the institutional review board and followed the STROBE reporting guidelines. Recruitments were conducted in compliance with University policy. Search committee members received unconscious bias training. Applicants were holistically reviewed for accomplishments in research, teaching, service, and contributions to diversity. Department-selected candidates were invited for interviews and offers were extended to the top candidate(s). Faculty recruits self-identify gender and race/ethnicity with historically underrepresented in medicine (URiM) per UC San Diego defined as African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander, and Filipino. TTF salaries are supported at least in part by state funds. Source of non-departmental support for the coordination and organization of the searches and partial start-up funds for recruits are listed in Table 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The growth of total, URiM and female faculty in the TTF series was assessed between 2018 and 2023 in HS at UC San Diego (Figure 1). There was no significant change in the time trend for total TTF in HS over these 5 years (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; = 0; &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt; = 0; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 1.0). In 2018, of 341 HS TTF, 87 (25%) self-identified as female and 23 (7%) as URiM. In 2023, among 346 HS TTF, 108 (31%) self-identified as female and 39 (11%) as URiM. The proportion ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Lower Lung Field Tuberculosis in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Raihan Kamal Galib,&nbsp;Susanta Kumar Paul,&nbsp;Khujjista Akter,&nbsp;Manzurul Ibrahim Musa,&nbsp;Dip Jyoti Sarker,&nbsp;Shah Ashiqur Rahman Ashiq Choudhury,&nbsp;Shipan Chandra Paul,&nbsp;Rajashish Chakrabortty","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70413","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People who have diabetes mellitus (DM) are thought to be more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Several published comparative investigations have reported that chest x-ray images from PTB with DM are considered atypical due to their frequent involvement of the lower lung field (LLF). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of lower lung field tuberculosis (LLF-TB) in DM and the risk factor of DM for the development of TB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was a cross-sectional study. PTB was diagnosed by positive sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB),/Culture,/Gene Xpert MTB/RIF, and DM, which was proven by taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or receiving insulin at the time of hospital admission. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis and seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were excluded from this study. A chest x-ray posterior-anterior (P/A) view was done to assess the frequency and patterns of lung involvement. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factor of DM for the development of TB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 117 PTB-DM participants were studied in this study. The mean age and frequency of isolated LLF-TB were 53.17 ± 14.38 years and 20.5%, respectively. The prevalence of LLF-TB and other radiological patterns were statistically significantly correlated with smear positivity (83.3% vs. 20.4%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) &gt; 50 mm (95.8% vs. 16.1%), and HbA1c &gt; 7 (79.2% vs. 16.1%). Regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) was 6.81 and 3.93 for DM and age (&gt; 40 years) for the development of LLF-TB (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency of LLF-TB among PTB DM patients was around 1/5th. The development of LLF-TB was substantially associated with DM and age greater than 40 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding High Salt Intake and Association With Hypertension Among Rural Women in Chandpur District of Bangladesh","authors":"Pradip Chandra,&nbsp;Aminul Islam,&nbsp;Shahara Robertson,&nbsp; Abu-Al-Rafe,&nbsp;Md. Abu Sayed,&nbsp;Afra Anjum Ahona,&nbsp;Mst. Nadira Parvin,&nbsp;Pradip Sen Gupta","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70387","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The human body requires a relatively little quantity of sodium to transmit nerve impulses, contract and relax muscles, and maintain appropriate water and mineral balance and which is typically added from diets. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding high salt intake and their association with hypertension among rural women of a selected community in Chandpur.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was adopted to collect data from 250 households of Chandpur district. The study was conducted during May 2022 to July 2022. The semi-structured pretested WHO-modified step-wise approach to the non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS). Instrument version 3.1 module was used to administer the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the factor related with knowledge, attitude, and practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The result gives evidence that participant who added always salt to their meals were three times more likely to be hypotensive (AOR: 2.99; CI: 1.40, 6.42). Besides, participants who avoid eating outside are significantly less likely (AOR: 0.19; C.I: 0.05 to 0.70) to be hypertensive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings showed that daily salt consumption and “avoid eating out” were significantly associated with hypertension status. These findings imply that further educational intervention is needed to increase understanding of healthy dietary salt intake among rural women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic, Weight, and Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Mehrab Sayadi,&nbsp;Sara Javadpour Nowbandegani,&nbsp;Fatemeh Balaghi Inalou,&nbsp;Bahman Nazemzadegan,&nbsp;Shirzad Javidi Alsaadi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Eskandari,&nbsp;Matin Sepehrinia","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 2 diabetes and its complications are assumed to be major public health problems globally. Zinc is one of the elements that play a part in insulin secretion and signaling. Therefore, this study seeks the answer to the following question: “What are the effects of 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation on the weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes?”.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this randomized controlled double-blind trial, 79 patients with Type 2 diabetes were allocated into two groups through permuted block randomization method. The study group received two capsules of 220 mg of zinc sulfate containing 50 mg of zinc, and the control group received two capsules of 220 mg of placebo ingredient per week for 12 weeks. At the start and end of the treatment period, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), zinc level, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 12 weeks of follow-up, 72 patients completed the study. There were no significant differences before and after the intervention in the FBG, HbA1c, zinc levels, and WC between the two groups. Intragroup analysis showed that weight and body mass index increased in the intervention group; however, these changes were not significant in comparison to the control group. Also, diastolic blood pressure significantly increased in the control group; however, changes in systolic blood pressure were not significant in both groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taking 220 mg of zinc sulfate supplement twice a week did not show significant benefit for weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This trial was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) website with code number 29627 on September 18, 2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}