Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Etiology of Adult Female Acne–Systematic Review","authors":"Anni Telkkälä,&nbsp;Suvi-Päivikki Sinikumpu,&nbsp;Laura Huilaja","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70697","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease of the skin. Acne occurring in &gt; 25 years old is called “adult acne,” and it occurs more commonly in women than in men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to examine the recent findings of the connection between genetic factors, hormones and diet with adult female acne.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted as a systematic literature review. For the review, data searches were made on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Finally, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to this systematic literature review, several different hormones may be linked to the development of adult acne. Androgens play a particularly important role, as they can stimulate growth of the sebaceous glands and increase the secretion of sebum, thus promoting the formation of skin changes associated with acne. A high glycemic diet increases the secretion of insulin, which in turn causes an increase in the amount of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. IGF-1 increases the growth of the sebaceous gland, sebum production, keratinocyte proliferation and it activates androgen synthesis, thus contributing to acne pathogenesis. Adults with acne have a positive familial history more often than healthy controls, which indicates the genetic nature of adult acne.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This literature review highlighted that especially hyperandrogenism, a positive familial history and a high-glycemic diet may be linked to the development of adult acne. Understanding the pathogenesis of adult acne is crucial for effective treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small for Gestational Age Coded Diagnoses in Aotearoa New Zealand's Administrative Health Datasets: A Validation Study","authors":"Mei-Ling Blank,&nbsp;Sarah Donald,&nbsp;Lianne Parkin","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70610","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inaccurate coding of small for gestational age (SGA) infants in routinely collected health data has implications for research based on those data. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of coded SGA diagnoses in New Zealand's routinely collected hospitalisation and mortality data, and determine whether sensitivity and specificity varied by infant, pregnancy, and maternal characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated birthweight centiles of live and stillborn infants delivered in New Zealand between 2005 and 2020 using the Fenton Population Reference Calculator and the GROW Customised Bulk Centile Calculator (New Zealand version); values of the relevant variables (including gestational age, birthweight, infant sex, and others) were sourced from routinely collected national health data. We compared the SGA status derived from the calculators with coded SGA diagnoses (ICD-10-AM P051) in hospitalisation and mortality data. We estimated sensitivity and specificity ratios comparing coded diagnoses with each of the birthweight calculators using a generalised linear model, adjusting for infant, pregnancy, and maternal characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis included 887,871 infants, with 15,850 (1.8%) having a coded SGA diagnosis. By contrast, the number and proportion of babies classified as SGA using the Fenton and GROW calculators were 80,541 (9.1%) and 138,866 (15.6%), respectively. Overall, compared with the Fenton calculator, the sensitivity of coded SGA diagnoses was 13.1% (specificity 99.3%). Compared with the GROW calculator, the sensitivity was 9.8% (specificity 99.7%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In New Zealand, population-level research involving SGA diagnoses should derive birthweight centiles using an appropriate calculator instead of using ICD-10-AM coded diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and Knowledge of Hospital Workers Toward Using Artificial Intelligence: A Descriptive Study","authors":"Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Alqudimat,&nbsp;Kalpana Singh,&nbsp;Zainab E. Fares,&nbsp;Mohammed Ismail,&nbsp;Hesham E. Yasin,&nbsp;Raed M. Al-Zoubi,&nbsp;Omar M. Aboumarzouk","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70623","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to assess the perception and knowledge of hospital workers toward using artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare in Qatar, exploring the potential implications of AI integration in clinical settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, involving healthcare workers (HCWs) from various departments across four leading hospitals affiliated with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Qatar. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants, and data were collected via an anonymous online questionnaire distributed through email and WhatsApp, with hard copies provided as needed. The questionnaire covered demographic information, perception, and knowledge of AI. The data were analyzed using STATA 17.0, with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 902 HCWs, with a gender distribution of 47.6% female and 52.4% male. Most participants were from Asia (50.8%), with 42.7% aged between 35 and 44 years. Most participants were nurses (54.9%), followed by allied health professionals (20.7%), pharmacists (12.2%), and physicians (11.0%). A significant portion of participants (59.8%) reported no prior experience with AI. However, 56.1% felt somewhat comfortable using AI in medical practice, and 72% believed that AI would improve the future of healthcare. Despite this optimism, 81.7% had not yet utilized AI in their practice, though 85.4% expressed a desire to learn more about AI models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study reveals a positive perception and moderate knowledge of AI among HCWs in Qatar. However, the actual use of AI in clinical practice remains limited. There is a clear need for targeted educational programs to enhance AI proficiency and confidence among healthcare professionals, potentially improving patient outcomes and clinical efficiency. Further research should explore the barriers to AI adoption and develop strategies to facilitate its integration into healthcare systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Regular Habitual Exercise on Platelet Energetics in Male Recreational Contact Sports Student-Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Tomoharu Mochizuki,&nbsp;Takashi Ushiki,&nbsp;Hiroshi Koga,&nbsp;Katsuya Suzuki,&nbsp;Misato Sato,&nbsp;Mami Osawa,&nbsp;Masami Kamimura,&nbsp;Hajime Ishiguro,&nbsp;Tatsuya Suwabe,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Kawase","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70784","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, an increasing number of athletes (from recreational to professional) have chosen autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to treat their sports-related injuries. However, its clinical outcomes vary among individuals and are thought to be influenced mainly by the athletes' PRP quality and physical condition. Thus, for successful PRP therapy, it is crucial to evaluate platelet activities in addition to soluble bioactive factors. In previous studies, we examined male professional athletes and female elite student-athletes. To expand the findings, in this study, we focused on male recreational student-athletes and characterized their platelet energetics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PRP was prepared from healthy male soccer club members (college student-athletes, CA) and sedentary adults of similar ages (non-athletes, NA) at rest. Plasma lactate, platelet adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and oxygen (O₂) consumption levels were quantified using biochemical and bioelectrical methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The body composition indices of the CA generally showed characteristics that fell between those of professional athletes and the NA. Changes in platelet lactate, ATP, or O₂ consumption levels, during the 24 h incubation period did not differ significantly between the two groups. Nevertheless, the changes in ATP levels were strongly and positively correlated with those in O₂ consumption only in the CA group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energy generation in CAs' platelets is suggested to be more closely related to O₂ consumption than that of the NA. Habitual exercise may impact platelet energetics as well as muscle cell energetics; however, further validation should be conducted with large samples to provide more insights into this hypothesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents' Sexual Health During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review","authors":"Elahe Ahmadnia,&nbsp;Arezoo Haseli,&nbsp;Atefeh Davoudian,&nbsp;Mina Abbasi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70774","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted adolescents' access to sexual health services, resulting in a decline in their overall sexual well-being. This systematic review explored adolescent sexual health during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A systematic review of quantitative studies—including observational research, clinical trials, and quasi-experimental interventions—examined English-language articles published between January 2020 and February 10, 2025, sourced from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle−Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies, Cochrane RoB 2 for clinical trials, and ROBINS-1 for quasi-experimental designs. Due to the heterogeneity of the data.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;After identifying 781 articles, 10 studies with a total sample size of 636,873 participants were included in the final systematic review. Observational studies during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed diminished access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, greater dependence on informal information sources, widening health inequalities, and negative impacts on adolescent sexual behavior. Intervention studies on online SRH education demonstrate significant positive impacts across key areas: access to SRH services, safe sex practices, communication with parents about sexual health, lower acceptance of dating violence, normative beliefs regarding adolescent sexuality, HIV/STI awareness, and condom use. The findings emphasize notable improvements in communication, knowledge, and attitudes toward sexual health, driven by these targeted interventions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted adolescent SRH globally, reducing service access and amplifying inequities. While some behaviors (e.g., sexual activity) showed resilience, systemic gaps in education and healthcare persist. Multisectoral efforts are needed to ensure adolescents' SRH rights are upheld during crises. However, the interventional studies underscore the viability of digital, media-literate interventions in improving adolescent sexual health.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registration&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The review study was officially registered on the PROSPERO website on 02/08/2023 under the code CRD42023438631 and received approval from the jury.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Psychometric Properties of Ethical Competence Questionnaire for Nursing Students","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi,&nbsp;Pedram Sohrabi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mohammadi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing tools for measuring ethical competence in nursing students have limitations, often failing to comprehensively assess the general concept and are frequently developed for practicing nurses, limiting their applicability to students. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate an ethical competence tool specifically designed for nursing students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This methodological study employed an instrument-development approach. The process involved developing an ethical competence measure for nursing students followed by a thorough psychometric evaluation. The tool's psychometric properties were assessed using face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability through internal consistency and stability methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27, JASP version 0.14, Microsoft Excel 2007, and Amos 25.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 26-item tool with two dimensions—“commitment to professional ethics and humanistic care” (19 items) and “interaction and cooperation in the clinical environment” (7 items)—was developed. The tool demonstrated excellent psychometric properties, explaining 68.427% of the total variance. Individual item factor loadings ranged from 0.549 to 0.875. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients for the total scale were 0.883 and 0.898, respectively, indicating high internal consistency. Test-retest reliability also yielded strong results, with the intracluster correlation coefficient calculated at 0.998 (95% CI: 0.995-0.999). The tool effectively captures key components of ethical competence in nursing students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The newly developed tool provides a reliable and valid measure of ethical competence in nursing students. This study offers educational managers in the healthcare field a valuable resource for designing a system to assess ethical competence among Iranian nursing students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Seeking Behavior of Patients With Dental Abscesses: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Kwame Adu Okyere Boadu,&nbsp;Richard Okyere Boadu,&nbsp;Abigail Achiaa Nyarko,&nbsp;Esther Priscilla Biamah Danquah,&nbsp;Victor Wireko Adu,&nbsp;Nana Atuahene Oti,&nbsp;John Billy Owusu Quarshie,&nbsp;Nana Bempong Owusu- Ankomah","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70763","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Dental abscesses are a common oral health issue that frequently remain untreated, resulting in severe health implications. This study evaluated the health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and attitudes of patients with dental abscesses at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. It further identified factors influencing patients' knowledge and practices, and examined the necessity of targeted educational interventions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A cross-sectional quantitative design was used to collect data from 100 participants through purposive sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were provided with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written consent was obtained before participation. Descriptive statistics, &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tests, and bivariate logistic regression were employed to assess associations between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of dental abscesses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study found that 93% of patients had adequate knowledge of dental abscesses, recognizing severe tooth decay (4.43, SD = 0.73) and dental injuries (4.54, SD = 0.73) as primary causes. However, 54% of participants reported using home remedies, such as saltwater rinses, rather than seeking professional care. Bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between age and anxiety, with patients aged 20–29 being more likely to experience anxiety (AOR = 9.76, 95% CI: [1.23–77.52], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031) compared to younger patients. Traders showed significantly higher likelihood of developing anxiety (AOR = 23.28, 95% CI: [2.71–200.06], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004) compared to unemployed individuals. Single patients were significantly less likely to experience anxiety (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI: [0.01–0.74], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.024). Females (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: [0.15–1.02], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.055) and individuals with lower education levels showed marginally lower knowledge about dental abscesses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study highlights a need for targeted educational interventions to improve knowledge and encourage timely treatment of dental abscesses, particularly among females and individuals with lower educational levels. The findings can inform public health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of untreated dental abscesses in Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replenish Revenue by Low-Cost Medicines, an Institution-Specific Action to Improve Access to High-Cost Medicines Used for Chronic Illness in Ethiopia: Narrative Review","authors":"Mende Mensa Sorato","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70775","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over one-quarter of the global population has no access to essential medicines. Improving access to medicines for chronic illness requires multi-level interventions. Nearly half of the people who need insulin cannot afford it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe institution-specific interventions that can be applied to improve access to high-cost medicines used for chronic diseases without affecting revenue generated from pharmaceuticals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A narrative review was conducted by using articles written in the English language from January 2000 to May 2020 and retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with the following systematic search query.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-three studies were included. Most of the drugs used for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, chronic asthma, and cancer are not available in adequate quantity. It requires more than 4 months' wage for a lowest-paid worker to buy one cycle of treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, or breast cancer in Ethiopia. The replenish revenue by low-cost medicines (RRLCM) model theoretically improved access to high-cost medicines. This model's steps include: (1) Estimate the number of patients who will take high-cost medicine for specific chronic diseases. (2) Estimate the amount of high-cost medicine required in a given period. (3) Calculate the markup-related change in revenue. (4) Select fast-moving items with better affordability in the supply chain. (5) Estimate revenue by modifying the markup of fast-moving items with better public affordability, and (6) calculate the difference and compare the markup-related revenue resulting from adjusting markups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medicines used for chronic diseases are neither available nor affordable. The RRLCM model has potential to improve affordability, pending empirical validation. Therefore, it is important to reform national drug policy in light of pricing and markup regulation system. Researchers, who are willing to work in the similar area should evaluate the applicability of RRLCM model in different set-ups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated With Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Data","authors":"Fabiola V. Moshi,&nbsp;Jovin R. Tibenderana,&nbsp;Thadei Liganga,&nbsp;Jomo Gimonge,&nbsp;Sanun Ally Kessy","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) who face heightened vulnerability. Despite remarkable advancements in medicine, 1 million new cases of STIs are recorded daily. In Tanzania, however, data on STIs remains limited. This study seeks to bridge that gap by determining prevalence and factors associated with STIs among WRA in Tanzania.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was analytical cross-sectional study among WRA in Tanzania, using data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) 2022. 15,254 weighed sample was analyzed using STATA version 18. Analysis considered the complex survey design through application of weights, clustering and strata. Modified Poisson regression models estimated the factors associated with STIs among WRA in Tanzania. Results were presented using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with a 95% confidence interval.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of STIs among WRA in Tanzania was 4.7%<b>.</b> After adjusting for other variables, the following factors remained significantly associated with STIs among WRA: women aged 25–34 (ARR = 1.55, 95% CI:1.22–1.95), women from rich household (ARR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02–1.89), marriage (ARR = 0.81, 95% CI:0.65–0.99) and multiple sexual partners (ARR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.24–2.63).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although STIs have a relatively low prevalence (4.7%) among Tanzanian WRA, behavioral change campaigns, young adult-friendly health services, routine screening and tailored preventive education are crucial to achieving universal health goals, reducing new infections, and fostering the overall well-being of this vulnerable group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pediatric Cancers in Southern Ghana: A Retrospective Observational Study","authors":"Efiba Vidda Senkyire Kwarteng,&nbsp;Amma Aboagyewa Larbi,&nbsp;Nanatte Veronica Anderson,&nbsp;Sheriff Wahab,&nbsp;Yaa Gyamfua Oppong-Mensah,&nbsp;Samuel Ato Andam-Akorful,&nbsp;Alexander Kwarteng,&nbsp;Lawrence Osei-Tutu,&nbsp;Gladys Acquah,&nbsp;Comfort Asoogo,&nbsp;Bernice Eklu,&nbsp;Paul Obeng,&nbsp;Barnabas Manlokiya,&nbsp;Ben Gyan,&nbsp;Vivian Paintsil","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70797","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More than 80% of children living with cancer reside in developing countries like Ghana, with over 1000 new cases projected each year. Spatial analysis of pediatric cancers provides insights into possible environmental risk factors, potential genetic associations, and the identification of clusters or hotspots, which can guide further investigation into causal factors and inform population-level interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution dynamics of pediatric cancer cases diagnosed at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poisson regression and spatial statistical tools, including Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics, were used to analyze 652 pediatric cancer cases recorded from 2018 to 2022 in Southern Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed increasing pediatric cancer cases over the 5 years. Burkitt Lymphoma, Leukemia, Nephroblastoma, Other Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, and Retinoblastoma had higher incidence among children, with males having a 24% higher incidence rate compared to females (Incident Rate Ratios [IRR] estimated at 1.24 at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI): 1.06, 1.45). Further, the KDE plot consistently revealed a high density of reported cases in the central part of the study area, with a noticeable directional diffusion of pediatric cancer cases toward the northwest from 2018 to 2022. Three significant clusters of relative risk between 1.65 and 2.17, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, were identified, covering parts of the Bono East and Ashanti Regions of Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clustering cancer cases could suggest a possible environmental influence on the occurrence of the disease. Although this study offers relevant baseline information, comprehensive epidemiological investigations are necessary to establish specific environmental risk factors and potential gene-environment interactions contributing to this pediatric cancer clustering.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}