Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Individual Risk Prediction of Stunting in Ethiopia: A Predictive Modeling Study","authors":"Ahmed Fentaw Ahmed,&nbsp;Tewodros Yosef,&nbsp;Cherugeta Kebede Asfaw,&nbsp;Eyob Girum Weldeyes,&nbsp;Eskindir Melese Cherinet,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdu Oumer,&nbsp;Filimon Getaneh Assefa,&nbsp;Tinsae Tesfaw Tadege,&nbsp;Biniyam Mequanent Sileshi,&nbsp;Eyob Getaneh Yimer,&nbsp;Fuad Seid Ebrahim,&nbsp;Bemnet Yazew Abegaz,&nbsp;Kalaab Esubalew Sharew","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71335","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stunting is a height for age Z score falls bellow -2 standard deviation. Untreated stunted cases have lifelong consequences like cognitive development, increased risk of infection and long-term health and economy burden. Although stunting remains highly prevalent in Ethiopia, there has been no prior attempt to develop an individualized risk prediction model. This study will develop and validates a predictive model to improve targeted intervention in Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 2019 Mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey comprised of 2079 children's below 2 years. Data analysis was done using STATA version 17 and R version 4.4.1 software. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select variables for Multilevel Multivariable Analysis. Nomogram was developed and model's performance was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration plots. Bootstrapping techniques were applied to internally validate the accuracy of the model. Additionally, decision curve analysis was conducted to examine its clinical and public health applicability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of stunting was 27.8% [95% CI: 24.96, 30.89]. The developed nomogram comprised 8 predictors: Maternal education, residence, sex a child, age of a child, Current feeding status, usage of bottle feeding, twin status and marital status. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the original model was (AUC = 0.722, 95% CI; 0.698, 0.747) whereas the after bootstrap model produced prediction accuracy of an AUC of 0.719 (95% CI; 0.693, 0.744). Internal validation was performed using the bootstrapping method, demonstrating reasonably corrected discriminative ability. Decision curve analysis showed that the model provided a greater net benefit than strategies of treating all or none, particularly for threshold probabilities exceeding 19%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study developed and internally validated a predictive model for stunting in children under 2 years in Ethiopia, with strong discriminatory power (AUC 0.729) and calibration. The model, incorporating eight key predictors, offers a practical tool for clinical decision-making through a user-friendly nomogram.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Gut Microbiota With Performance Level Among Iranian Professional and Semi-Professional Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Hiwa Nazari,&nbsp;Armitasadat Emami Meibodi,&nbsp;Minoo Bassami,&nbsp;Meysam Olfatifar,&nbsp;Abbas Yadegar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gut microbiota is a diverse ecosystem with the potential to significantly enhance athletic metabolic capacity. Emerging research indicates that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating energy metabolism, immune function, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle dynamics, and neuroendocrine regulation, all of which are essential for optimizing athletic performance. This study investigates the composition of a selection of gut microbiota among Iranian professional and semi-professional runners from three different disciplines including endurance, middle-distance, and speed runners, and examines their association with performance levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fresh stool samples of 60 runners were collected and the relative abundance of a selection of intestinal microbiota at various taxonomic levels was assessed by RT-qPCR. The relative abundance of the selected microbiota revealed distinct patterns across different types of runners.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predominant taxa in professional groups were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and <i>Prevotella</i> spp., while semi-professional groups had a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and <i>Prevotella</i> spp. <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> was mostly abundant among speed runners (40.95%), followed by endurance (27.025%) and middle-distance runners (23.525%). <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> was more abundant in middle-distance (34.9%) and endurance runners (34.3%) compared to speed runners (22.3%). A negative correlation was found between performance levels and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, E-proteobacteria, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, while a positive correlation was observed with <i>Methanobrevibacter smithii</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study illuminates the distinct microbial taxa detected in professional and semi-professional runners, which corroborates the relationship between running disciplines and the gut microbiota composition, as well as their impact on performance levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation of Sunken Flap Due to Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt","authors":"Anitha Sen,&nbsp;Krishnakumar Kesavapisharady,&nbsp;Rajeev Kavalakara Raghavan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In relation to the article “Surgical Practice in Resource-Limited Settings: Perspectives of Medical Students and Early Career Doctors: A Narrative Review” [<span>1</span>], we would like to mention how resource constraints affect surgical practice directly by modification of: (1) presurgical lesion localization technique (e.g., skin marking is used before breast surgery, instead of parenchymal marking with hook wire, partially due to resource constraint [<span>2</span>]); (2) storage and retrieval of investigation reports (handwritten-papers in case file/notebook with patient, electronic medical records); (3) surgical technique, as in the following case.</p><p>A patient had normal contour of surgical flap after resection of intracranial tumor and ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt placement (Figure 1). When she came for follow-up MRI after 7 months, we noticed that the surgical flap was depressed/sunken (Figure 2). Since she had new neurological deficits; bone flap elevation was done. After the flap elevation surgery, most of her new symptoms resolved and MRI showed an elevated flap (Figure 3).</p><p>Sinking/depression of the surgical flap is a known issue after placement of VP shunts for decreasing hydrocephalus.</p><p>Since programmable shunts cost around one lakh INR and nonprogrammable shunts cost around 6000 INR, usually nonprogrammable shunts are used in resource-constrained setting.</p><p>Asymptomatic patients, unconcerned about the cosmetic impact, do not require any intervention.</p><p><b>Anitha Sen:</b> conceptualization, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing. <b>Krishnakumar Kesavapisharady:</b> writing – review and editing, validation, methodology. <b>Rajeev Kavalakara Raghavan:</b> Writing – review and editing, validation, resources.</p><p>The authors have nothing to report.</p><p>All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.</p><p>Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. No AI tools were used for article preparation.</p><p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Perceived HIV Vulnerability, Knowledge Regarding HIV Transmission, and Associated Sociodemographic Factors Among Urban Slum Dweller Adults in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Abu Bakkar Siddique,&nbsp;Md Golam Morshed,&nbsp;Md. Amirul Haque,&nbsp;Mintia islam Austha,&nbsp;Md. Mehedy Hassan,&nbsp;Samia Sultana,&nbsp;Mukta Moni,&nbsp;Md Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Rehnuma Abdullah,&nbsp;Md. Kaium Hossain,&nbsp;Md. Tajuddin Sikder","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations in low-resource settings. Urban slum dwellers, often living in overcrowded and resource-limited conditions, are among the most vulnerable to HIV infection due to socioeconomic and structural factors. Understanding perceived vulnerability and transmission knowledge is key to developing effective prevention strategies. This study assessed these factors among urban slum adults, offering insights into their awareness and its determinants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study employed a cross-sectional survey conducted in slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, using face-to-face interviews with 482 participants selected through convenient sampling (non-probability). Participants aged 18 years or older were included in this study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, following rigorous training of research assistants, and the process was piloted to refine the instruments. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS and Stata, incorporating descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses with a significance threshold of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that participants had a mean age of 38.1 years (±13.92), with HIV vulnerability associated with being female, having family members with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), cooperative family dynamics, and moderate sleep durations. HIV knowledge was notably low, positively influenced by being male, educated, higher-income, and engaging in social media use and physical exercise, while smoking negatively impacted knowledge. A negative association was found between perceived HIV vulnerability and knowledge, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address these gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study identifies socio-demographic and behavioral factors affecting HIV vulnerability and knowledge among urban slum dwellers. Tailored HIV-related education for women, disadvantaged groups, and families with STD histories is vital to reducing stigma and improving awareness. Community initiatives like smoking cessation, healthy lifestyle promotion, and digital literacy are crucial for addressing disparities and enhancing well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Psychological Health in Vitiligo Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress","authors":"Zeinab Aryanian,&nbsp;Elahe Asgari,&nbsp;Azar Shirzadian,&nbsp;Hemmat Gholinia Ahangar,&nbsp;Sama Heidari,&nbsp;Armon Massoodi,&nbsp;Hanie Babaie","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitiligo is a long-lasting depigmenting disorder that has a significant impact on people's emotional health but does not cause physical impairment. They deal with high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Physical activity (PA) is one of the potentially protective factors against psychological disorders, but its role in patients with vitiligo has not been evaluated before.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 vitiligo patients aged ≥ 15. Participants with psychiatric comorbidities or physical limitations were excluded. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure psychological symptoms, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess PA levels. Disease severity was assessed using the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). The relationships between clinical/demographic characteristics, psychological symptoms, and PA were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychologic distress was common, with 58% reporting stress, 55% depression, and 49% anxiety. The proportion of low, moderate, and high PA levels were 26%, 43%, and 31% respectively. No statistically significant association was found between PA levels and stress, anxiety, or depression. Anxiety scores was positively correlated with disease severity scores (r = 1.228, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and longer disease duration was associated with higher depression levels. PA levels were significantly higher among males (<i>p</i> = 0.02), but unrelated to most other demographic or clinical variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although vitiligo cases experience considerable psychological distress, no protective effect of PA was found in this study for any of the mental health symptoms. The results indicate that psychological disorders in this group may need interventions more than general PA or life style changes and targeted psychological care or medications may be needed for this population. Larger and long-term studies are recommended to better assess PA's role in the psychological management of vitiligo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of Bengali Language Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Version on Patients With Frozen Shoulder at a Rehabilitation Centre in Bangladesh: A Validation Study","authors":"Abid Hasan Khan,&nbsp;Md. Saruar Hossain Bhuiyan,&nbsp;H. M. Al-Amin,&nbsp;Rajib Sutradhar,&nbsp;Md. Sherajul Haque","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71333","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) is a commonly utilized outcome measure. The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Bengali version of the SPADI among patients with frozen shoulder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SPADI was administered to 103 patients with frozen shoulder receiving physiotherapy at Centre for the rehabilitation of the paralyzed (CRP), a well-known rehabilitation hospital in Bangladesh. Among these patients, 31 underwent a retest after 15 days. To evaluate the construct validity of the SPADI, the scores were compared with other outcome measures, including the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH), the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Structural validity was assessed using a two-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, the study analyzed internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and measurement error.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study validated the Bengali version of the SPADI for frozen shoulder (FS). It showed strong psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (pain <i>α</i> = 0.842, disability <i>α</i> = 0.878), and reliability (ICC &gt; 0.98). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor structure (CFI = 0.985). Findings highlight SPADI's value in FS assessment while emphasizing its limitations in capturing broader quality-of-life impacts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Bengali version of SPADI showed good reliability and validity in a group of patients with frozen shoulder. This means that it is a dependable and accurate tool for measuring shoulder pain and disability in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria in Pregnancy and Predisposing Factors in Jor District of Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Okwom Oguta,&nbsp;Jemal Mohammed,&nbsp;Ukash Umer,&nbsp;Ephrem Tefera Solomon","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71310","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Malaria in pregnancy remains a major public health concern in Ethiopia, particularly in high-endemic regions like Gambella. Despite the high burden, no peer-reviewed published study exists on its prevalence and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Jor District, Gambella region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy and its associated factors in Jor District, Gambella, Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 29 to April 10, 2024, among 446 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling. Data were gathered through microscopy-based blood film examination and face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed to obtain frequencies and percentages, whereas logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for malaria, with statistical significance set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05. All analyses were performed with SPSS version 24 (IBM, USA).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The prevalence of malaria was found to be 15.2% (95% CI: 11.4, 17.5). &lt;i&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/i&gt; 8.96% (40/446) and &lt;i&gt;Plasmodium vivax&lt;/i&gt; 2.7% (12/446) and 3.6% (16/446) for comorbidity (&lt;i&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. vivax&lt;/i&gt;) are the two species identified in this study. The factors associated with malaria were no formal education (AOR = 1.32), lack of knowledge about malaria transmission (AOR = 2.7), presence of stagnant water near residence area (AOR = 3.61), non-ownership of ITN (AOR = 5.74), and low altitude (AOR = 5.26). Due to smaller sample size in some of the categories of the independent variables such as non-ownership of ITN and altitude the confidence intervals are wider.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The prevalence of malaria was high in the study area. Non-ownership of ITNs, lack of formal education, lack of knowledge about malaria transmission, and residing at lower altitudes and presence of stagnant water near residence of pregnant women were significantly associated with malaria among pregnant women. Public health actions such as improving access of pregnant women's to formal education over the long term, increasing pregnant women' access to ITN along with health education on proper utilization of ITN, health information dissemination about transmission of malaria and environmental modification such as removal of stagnated water for the control of mosquito vectors were recommended.","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Popular Misconceptions: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Anahita Babak,&nbsp;Shiva Rouzbahani,&nbsp;Alireza Safaeian,&nbsp;Farzam Poonaki","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition demanding continuous monitoring to mitigate potential complications. One major obstacle to effective treatment lies in widespread misconceptions across key domains, including pathogenesis, nutrition and lifestyle, management and follow-up, and complications and social stigma. This study aimed to evaluate patient misconceptions about the causes and management of diabetes and explore their prevalence concerning factors such as age and gender.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, between 2021 and 2022. A total of 390 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included through a convenient sampling method from different diabetes centers. Data were collected using a questionnaire about the causes of diabetes mellitus, dietary guidelines, medical interventions, and associated complications. The results were analyzed with a <i>χ</i>² test using SPSS software v. 16.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 390 participants, with a mean age of 56 ± 13.4 years and 58% females, participated in the study. The most prevalent myths about diabetes mellitus identified in this study include: only solid oils are fattening (302, 77.4%), diabetic patients are permitted to take any quantity of dried mulberries (201, 51.5%), diabetes is only a hereditary disease (177, 45.3%), diabetes can only strike obese individuals (167, 42.8%), and fruits can be consumed in any quantity by diabetic individuals because fruit sugar is a natural substance (143, 36.6%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients' misunderstandings of the etiology and management of diabetes mellitus are diverse. Given that myths can negatively affect glycemic control; patient education is crucial to effective management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Impairment Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Pashupati Pokharel,&nbsp;Surakshya Khanal,&nbsp;Ranjeet Ghimire,&nbsp;Arun Batsa Lamsal,&nbsp;Rebanta Khadka,&nbsp;Rabin Pandit,&nbsp;Kailash Mani Pokhrel,&nbsp;Kapil Khanal,&nbsp;Pratik Lamichhane,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar Maharjan,&nbsp;Pankaj Pant","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with cognitive impairment, including memory loss, executive dysfunction and attention deficits all of which significantly affect quality of life. However, the prevalence and determinants of cognitive impairment among COPD patients in Nepal remain largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included a total of 203 COPD patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Nepal between August 2022 and June 2023. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected from the patients. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Nepali-translated Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of COPD patients was 68.4 ± 10.2 years, with most from the age group 65–75 years, and nearly 2/3rd (63.5%) were females. A majority (62.6%) lacked formal education, and 81.3% were smokers (current or former). Clinically, 45.3% of patients had grade III dyspnea, and 37.9% had pneumonia. Among the patients, 11.8% patients experienced more than five exacerbations in the past year, and 43.4% required more than one hospital admission during the previous year.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive impairment was prevalent in majority of the patients, with 46.3% exhibiting mild cognitive impairment and 42.9% exhibiting dementia. Factors associated with cognitive impairment included increasing age of COPD patients (≥ 65 years) (OR 2.72; <i>p</i> = 0.003), having more than one COPD exacerbation in a year (OR 3.90; <i>p</i> = 0.002), years of living with COPD (≥ 10 years) (OR 0.47; <i>p</i> = 0.016), frequent COPD exacerbation related hospitalization (OR 0.29; <i>p</i> = 0.004), and lower blood PaCO₂ levels (OR 0.26; <i>p</i> = 0.007).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly 90% of COPD patients in Nepal had some form of cognitive decline. Age, exacerbation frequency, and PaCO₂ levels were significant predictors. Routine cognitive screening and targeted interventions like integrated rehabilitation strategies, including pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen therapy are essential to enhance patient outcomes and reduce disease burden in future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Among People With Diabetes Mellitus From Korea and Hong Kong: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis","authors":"Hin Moi Youn,&nbsp;Zhuoran Hu,&nbsp;Yu Shin Park,&nbsp;Jianchao Quan,&nbsp;Cindy Lo Kuen Lam,&nbsp;Eun Cheol Park,&nbsp;Eric Yuk Fai Wan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71291","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems globally, raising concerns about its impact on the continuing care of people with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM). However, few studies have quantified such indirect impact among individuals who were not infected by SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to assess the pandemic's indirect impact on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnoses, and healthcare utilization among people with DM in Korea and Hong Kong.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective, closed-cohort study of 1,226,685 individuals (926,230 from Korea; 302,455 from Hong Kong) with a documented diagnosis of DM in 2014 but without any existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2015 to December 2021. The cohorts were followed from January 2015 to December 2021. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess monthly changes in all-cause mortality, CVD incidence, and healthcare utilization rates during the pandemic, compared to those in the pre-pandemic period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After the initial COVID-19 outbreak in February 2020, all-cause mortality did not change significantly in either location. In Hong Kong, CVD incidence significantly declined in 2020 (IRR 0.824, 95%CI 0.732–0.929) and rapidly rebounded to the pre-pandemic level in 2021 (IRR 1.049, 95%CI 0.915–1.203). In contrast, Korea showed a reversal of the pre-pandemic decline with CVD incidence increasing significantly in 2021 (IRR 1.108, 95%CI 0.996–1.015). Outpatient visits in Korea declined at the start of 2020 (IRR 0.890, 95%CI 0.826–0.958) and remained below expected levels through 2021, while Hong Kong showed no significant changes. Hospital admissions in Korea also declined significantly and did not recover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The outbreak disrupted healthcare utilization among people with DM, leading to a temporary decline in CVD diagnoses. In Hong Kong, CVD incidence normalized in 2021, while in Korea, the continued increase in CVD incidence may be related to sustained care disruption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}