Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Tracking Telehealth Needs for Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study","authors":"Marsha Treadwell,&nbsp;Lisa Du,&nbsp;Yemi Lawrence,&nbsp;Maxine Gaspar,&nbsp;Kathryn Hassell,&nbsp;Sanjay Shah,&nbsp;Moses Akpan,&nbsp;Nicole Crook,&nbsp;Marcia Taylor,&nbsp;Srila Gopal,&nbsp;For the Pacific Sickle Cell Regional Collaborative","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pervasive disparities characterize sickle cell disease (SCD) care, including limited access to SCD specialists. Rapid deployment of remote healthcare provision and support during the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to understand telehealth barriers/facilitators for SCD. We aimed to evaluate telehealth experiences and satisfaction for routine visits among adults and caregivers of children with SCD within a US regional collaborative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>151 adults ≥ 18 [median (IQR) = 36 (28, 43) years], and 94 caregivers [median child age (IQR) = 12 (7, 14) years] completed a 30-item online survey in 2021 assessing systems issues such as reliable Internet; health information sharing; and consumer focus (e.g., visit started on time). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate relations between independent variables and the outcome overall satisfaction with telehealth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were primarily diagnosed with sickle cell anemia (60.8%) and prescribed hydroxyurea (57.6%). Satisfaction with telehealth was high (&gt; 90%), but 60.6% of caregivers gave the highest rating compared with 44.9% of adults (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Few accessibility/technical issues were cited, however, caregivers reported more often having home support for telehealth (80.9% vs. 63.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). In multivariable analyses, participants seen in large centers (&gt; 200) were more likely to give the highest satisfaction ratings compared with those in smaller centers (&lt; 100, aOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.48, <i>p</i> = 0.01); however, those who needed help from a telehealth navigator were less likely to give the highest telehealth experience rating versus those who did not need help (aOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Views of telehealth were favorable, although caregivers reported greater satisfaction and resources compared with adults with SCD. It remains important to identify factors related to telehealth utilization and efficacy for SCD populations in varied geographies and settings, to ensure equity in access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Updates on Variants of SARS-CoV- 2: Systematic Review","authors":"Mulat Erkihun,&nbsp;Bayu Ayele,&nbsp;Zelalem Asmare,&nbsp;Kirubel Endalamaw","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has become a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an enveloped, unsegmented, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this review is to conduct a qualitative analysis of the current updates on epidemiology, evolution, and vaccine variants for SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search strategy was done from the database based on the PRISMA criteria for qualitative analysis of this review. Literature on variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, published in English in the last 5 years (2019–2023), were included. From 179 a total of 105 articles were reviewed, searched, and retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed. The search was done using keywords like COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, variants, mutations, and vaccines, and articles were managed using EndNote X8 software. The scope of view for this review was the course of the pandemic by emerging variants and how man is struggling to overcome this sudden pandemic through vaccines. The narrative skeleton was constructed based on the article's scope of view.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the parent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, many variants emerged during the course of this pandemic. They are mainly categorized into two variants: variants of interest and variants of concern based on the impact on public health. The World Health Organization leveled five variants: Alpha (strain B.1.1.7), Beta (strain B.1.351), Gamma (strain P.1), Delta (strain B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is crucial to stay informed about the latest developments in the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variants, as new variants can emerge and impact the course of the pandemic. Health authorities and researchers continuously have to monitor and study these variants to assess their characteristics, transmissibility, severity, and the effectiveness of vaccines against them. One has to always refer to the latest information from reputable health journals or organizations for the most up-to-date and accurate details on COVID-19 variants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Laser Therapy and Phototherapy in Cicatricial and NonCicatricial Alopecia: A Systematic Review Study","authors":"Mohammad Amin Jafari,&nbsp;Ghazal Bazgir,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-Baharanchi,&nbsp;Alireza Jafarzadeh,&nbsp;Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, the application of various light and laser devices in the treatment of different types of alopecia has been established. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of laser therapy and phototherapy in cicatricial and non-cicatricial alopecia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were evaluated across four subgroups: alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and cicatricial alopecia. Included studies were published in English or Persian between January 2010 and September 2023, focusing on interventional, cohort, or case series research that achieved a minimum score of 75% on the EBL checklist. Exclusion criteria encompassed animal and in vitro studies, review articles, case reports, duplicated or irrelevant research, as well as studies that did not meet the designated EBL score. Editorial letters and case studies were also excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initially, 965 records were collected, resulting in the inclusion of 58 studies in the final review: 26 on alopecia areata, 26 on androgenic alopecia, five on cicatricial alopecia, and one on telogen effluvium. Narrow-band ultraviolet B, 308-nm excimer laser, and psoralen ultraviolet A therapy showed varying effectiveness; specifically, the excimer laser was notably effective for patients with shorter disease duration. In androgenic alopecia, erbium-glass and thulium lasers effectively increased hair density but showed a gradual decline posttreatment. Low-level light/laser therapy also increased hair density and diameter and exhibited potential benefits when used alongside minoxidil, but did not significantly enhance outcomes in telogen effluvium treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Light/laser therapy can serve as an additive treatment for cicatricial alopecia, particularly lichen planopilaris, but has limited efficacy in treating telogen effluvium. Overall, light/laser therapies exhibit a significant positive effect on increasing hair density and diameter across various alopecia types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different minimally invasive surgical methods to hysterectomy for benign gynecological disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Meijun Guan,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Tian Tian,&nbsp;Jirong Peng,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Li He","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the perioperative efficacy of various minimally invasive hysterectomy procedures for treating benign gynecological diseases and to assess whether vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic hysterectomy (VNOTEH), a recently emerging procedure, is inferior to traditional laparoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), Wanfang Data, and China VIP Database from inception to August 2022 and updated in June 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different minimally invasive hysterectomy techniques in patients with benign gynecological conditions. The intervention measures included nine minimally invasive hysterectomies. The two researchers used the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool for study appraisal. All statistical analyses and drawings were performed using STATA 17.0 and R 4.4.1. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the effectiveness of minimally invasive hysterectomy and rank its relative impact probabilistically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 78 RCTs involving 7640 patients and nine minimally invasive hysterectomy methods with 16 intervention combinations were included in this study. Among these, 2, 63, and 13 studies were deemed to have a low, medium, and high risk of bias, respectively. Based on the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probability ranking results of NMA, laparoendoscopic single-site surgery-laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LESS-LAVH) demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of complications, infections, and 24-h postoperative pain scores. LAVH exhibited better performance in injuries and hospital stays, total laparoscopic hysterectomy showed the least blood loss, and vaginal hysterectomy had the shortest operation time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LESS-LAVH and LAVH are recommended options, if feasible. Meanwhile, VNOTEH can achieve comparable results to traditional laparoscopy but requires careful attention to the risk of injury and infection. Future research should aim to broaden the search scope by including high-quality, large-scale, multicenter RCTs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from nosocomial urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran during 2022–2023: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohammad Yousef Memar,&nbsp;Masoud Vosughi,&nbsp;Yalda Rahbar Saadat,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Ardalan,&nbsp;Mina Yekani,&nbsp;Bahram Niknafs,&nbsp;Sepideh Zununi Vahed","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among hospitalized patients, constituting the most frequent health-care infections. Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is leading causative agent of UTIs. The present study was aimed to examine the susceptibility of UPEC isolates obtained from nosocomial cases to antibiotics, as well as their biofilm formation capability and frequency of virulence genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 100 UPEC isolates were collected from nosocomial UTIs at Imam Reza Hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, spanning from April 2022 to January 2023. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were evaluated using the disk diffusion method, along with the detection of broad-spectrum β-lactam enzymes (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. The ability of isolates to form biofilms was assessed using the microtiter-plate method, while the PCR method was employed to identify the presence of virulence genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest resistance was observed toward piperacillin (82%), followed by aztreonam and ciprofloxacin (81%), while the lowest resistance was found against piperacillin/tazobactam (12%) and meropenem (9%). ESBLs were detected in 62% of the isolates. The microtiter-plate results revealed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm formation abilities in 32%, 33%, and 24% of the isolates, respectively. The most prevalent virulence gene was <i>fimA</i> (74%) followed by <i>hlyF</i> (68%), <i>papA</i> (44%), <i>papC</i> (32%), <i>iroN</i> (26%), and <i>cnf</i> (20%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The elevated levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, coupled with the co-presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation abilities, contribute to the persistence of UPEC-related infections, particularly in hospitalized patients. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing an effective program to control nosocomial UTIs caused by UPEC in the healthcare centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality Among Psychiatry Physicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Najim Z. Alshahrani,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Alarifi,&nbsp;Wejdan Saqer Alotaibi,&nbsp;Afnan Abdulrahman Alsayed,&nbsp;Khalid Sultan Latif Alwasm,&nbsp;Alaa Abdulkarim Alhunti,&nbsp;Lana Alaa AlDahleh,&nbsp;Meaad Mohammed A Alshahrani,&nbsp;Abdalrhman M. Albeshry,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Aljunaid","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep issues pose a significant burden to public health and well-being in Saudi Arabia. However, research evidence on sleep health among psychiatry physicians in this territory is limited. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality among psychiatry physicians in the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 554 psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia from March to August 2023. Data were collected via online through a structured questionnaire (Google survey form). Sleep quality, the outcome variable of our study, was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; 19 items). Independent variables included sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, sleep habits, major depression (assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (measured with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) symptoms. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the correlates of poor sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the PSQI, 61.3% of the study participants had poor-quality sleep (age range: 24–56 years, male: 48.0%). The adjusted model revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.70–4.61) and those who had on-call duties ≥ 2 times per week (for three/four per week: AOR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.89–6.14) were at higher risk of developing poor sleep quality compared to their respective counterparts. Participants with depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60–7.48) and smoking habits (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.32–9.08) had higher odds of developing poor sleep quality than their counterparts. Moreover, participants who always used their smartphone/laptop before going to bed were more likely to have poor sleep quality than those who never used such (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.31–7.60).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep quality is extremely prominent among psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia. Male sex, higher on-call duty, smoking habits, depression, and smartphone/laptop use before bedtime were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. These findings emphasize the need for sleep-health promotion interventions for Saudi psychiatry physicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News Media Reports of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Canada and the United States During the 2022–2023 Respiratory Virus Season: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sherilyn K. D. Houle,&nbsp;Silvia Luk","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 2022/2023 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season was marked by early and above-average case counts, at least partially attributed to the lifting of public health measures such as masking and physical distancing implemented during the early years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Uniquely, it was also the last season before the availability of vaccines. In May 2023, two recombinant subunit vaccines were approved by the US Food &amp; Drug Administration for use in adults aged 60 years and older (Arexvy and ABRYSVO), with ABRYSVO also indicated for maternal immunization [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While hospitalization rates for RSV-related causes is highest among young children [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;], mortality is most marked among older adults [&lt;span&gt;6-8&lt;/span&gt;]. Healthcare professionals also have greater awareness of RSV among pediatric patients than among older adults. In Italy, 21.7% of surveyed general practitioners correctly associated the majority of RSV-related deaths with older adults, and only 38.9% of participants understood RSV infection as not limited to infants and children [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. Among US physicians in primary care, 57% reported rarely considering RSV as a potential pathogen in their patients ≥ 50 years old with respiratory disease [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. Regarding maternal vaccination, a survey of obstetricians and midwives in England reported that 66% of midwives had no or very little awareness of RSV in contrast to 14% of obstetricians, and that routine maternal vaccination against RSV would be recommended by 79% and 89% of midwives and obstetricians, respectively [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. Research gaps remain related to knowledge and attitudes of other health professionals involved with recommending and administering vaccines (such as nurses and pharmacists) and the public, with one study reporting that 60% of surveyed adults with diabetes in the US had never heard of RSV [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;], and 88% of surveyed pregnant women in South England reported having little or no knowledge of RSV [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we report on the frequency and content of news media publications related to RSV over the 2022/2023 season in Canada and the United States, hypothesizing that coverage focused on the impact of RSV among the pediatric population with the potential to subsequently contribute to complacency around vaccination of older adults and those who are pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the study period, 928 unique publications were identified across 29 outlets (Table 1). Of these, 899 (96.9%) discussed RSV among the pediatric population, 310 (33.4%) among older adults, and 104 (11.2%) mentioned maternal immunization. HuffPost was excluded as an eligible outlet as a search function was not available online, and no publications were identified from CNN over the study period. Over this same period, 194,095 positive tests for RSV were reported in the United States and 39,484 in Canada; however, RSV case dat","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic changes of gait initiation in individuals with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review","authors":"Marzieh Mortezanejad,&nbsp;Aliyeh Daryabor,&nbsp;Zahra Ebrahimabadi,&nbsp;Abbas Rahimi,&nbsp;Mohammad Yousefi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ehsani,&nbsp;Ali Maleki","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gait initiation (GI) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown differences in the center of pressure (COP) and muscular measures compared to healthy controls. Some studies reported that these alterations appeared when GI was with the affected leg, while others indicated that they occurred when GI was with the non-affected leg. This systematic review aimed to understand kinetic and muscular differences between individuals with CAI, healthy controls, and the affected and non-affected legs of individuals with CAI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases (1990–2023) were searched using the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcome measure. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The outcome measures were the peak and rate of COP displacement in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, and resultant plane during phases 1, 2, and 3 of COP trace during GI and the duration of each phase. The other measures included the onset time of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscle activity between individuals with CAI, healthy controls, and the affected and non-affected legs of the individuals with CAI. The studies' quality assessment was conducted based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five studies were included in the final evaluation. The results of included studies showed, individuals with CAI spent less time during phases 1 and 2, as well as a shorter peak of COP displacement in the lateral direction during phase 1 compared to healthy controls, regardless of whether the GI was with the affected or non-affected leg.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with CAI have probably adopted a strategy involving adjusting the peak of COP displacement to manage internal sway while in a single-leg stance. Overall, there was no comprehensive conclusion about differences between the two legs in individuals with CAI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCSK9 Inhibitors: The Evolving Future","authors":"Bijay Mukesh Jeswani,&nbsp;Shubhangi Sharma,&nbsp;Sawai Singh Rathore,&nbsp;Abubakar Nazir,&nbsp;Rohit Bhatheja,&nbsp;Kapil Kapoor","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70174","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PCSK9 inhibitors are a novel class of medications that lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by increasing LDL receptor activity, promoting clearance of LDL-C from the bloodstream. Over the years, PCSK9 inhibitors have been explored as adjunct therapies to statins or as monotherapy in high-risk cardiovascular patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to provide an updated perspective on PCSK9 inhibitors, assessing their clinical efficacy, safety, and significance, especially in light of recent clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review examines the role of PCSK9 in cholesterol regulation and summarizes the results of major cardiovascular trials, including FOURIER, SPIRE-1, SPIRE-2, and ODYSSEY Outcomes. It also discusses emerging treatments like small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies and evaluates PCSK9 inhibitor effects on LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical trials have shown PCSK9 inhibitors reduce LDL-C by up to 60%. In the FOURIER trial, evolocumab reduced LDL-C by 59% and major cardiovascular events by 15%–20%. The SPIRE-2 trial, despite early termination, showed a 21% risk reduction in the primary composite endpoint with bococizumab. The ODYSSEY Outcomes trial reported a 57% LDL-C reduction with alirocumab, alongside a 15% reduction in adverse events. Emerging treatments like Inclisiran offer long-term LDL-C control with fewer doses. PCSK9 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated, with the most common side effect being injection site reactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PCSK9 inhibitors significantly lower LDL-C and reduce cardiovascular events, offering promising therapies for high-risk patients, including those with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and those who cannot tolerate statins. Future research will focus on optimizing these inhibitors, integrating complementary therapies, and exploring gene-editing technologies to improve patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Imaging in the Era of Precision Medicine: Insights from Advanced Technologies – A Narrative Review","authors":"Poliana Zanotto Manoel,&nbsp;Innocent Chijioke Dike,&nbsp;Heeba Anis,&nbsp;Nour Yassin,&nbsp;Magda Wojtara,&nbsp;Olivier Uwishema","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a high mortality rate globally. Precision medicine has emerged as an essential tool for improving cardiovascular disease outcomes. In this context, using advanced imaging exams is fundamental in cardiovascular precision medicine, enabling more accurate diagnoses and customized treatments. This review aims to provide a concise review on how advanced cardiovascular imaging supports precision medicine, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future directions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature review was carried out using the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, using search strategies that combined terms such as precision medicine, cardiovascular diseases, and imaging tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More advanced analysis aimed at diagnosing and describing cardiovascular diseases in greater detail is made possible by tests such as cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac positron emission tomography. In addition, the aggregation of imaging data with other omics data allows for more personalized treatment and a better description of patient profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of advanced imaging tests is essential in cardiovascular precision medicine. Although there are still technical and ethical obstacles, it is essential that there is collaboration between health professionals, as well as investments in technology and education to better disseminate cardiovascular precision medicine and consequently promote improved patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142550097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}