Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Relationship Between Physical Activity and Visual Acuity in Japanese Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Kensaku Sasayama","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70632","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity, including outdoor activities, has been assessed using questionnaires or accelerometers. Examining the relationship between physical activity and myopia is important for future intervention studies. This study aimed to evaluate physical activity using a widely used questionnaire and an accelerometer and to examine their relationship with myopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Study 1, physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire in 613 primary school students (Grades 3–6, aged 8–12) and 438 secondary school students (Grades 1–3, aged 12–15). In Study 2, physical activity in 55 primary school students (Grades 3–6, aged 8–12) was measured using an accelerometer. Visual acuity was determined using Landolt ring tests. Screen time was also assessed in both studies. The relationship between physical activity (independent variable) and visual acuity (dependent variable) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression, adjusting for grade, gender, and screen time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant association was found between visual acuity and physical activity as measured by either questionnaire or accelerometer in both primary and secondary students, even after adjustments for grade, gender, and screen time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity measured by questionnaires and accelerometers did not show an association with myopia. However, this does not exclude a potential association between outdoor activity and myopia. Our findings suggested that these methods of assessing physical activity may not be suitable proxies for outdoor activity in myopia research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropilin-1 as a Neuroinflammatory Entry Factor for SARS-CoV-2 Is Attenuated in Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients: A Case–Control Study","authors":"Faezeh Hosseini,&nbsp;Abbas Azadmehr,&nbsp;Kiarash Saleki,&nbsp;Mohamadreza Ahmadifard,&nbsp;Morteza Oladnabi,&nbsp;Moein Shirzad,&nbsp;Mostafa Javanian","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70630","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic infectious disease. So far, it has been known that this virus uses several receptors to enter the host cell, one of which is neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Also, one of the main causes of clinical manifestations, severity of disease, and mortality of patients is cytokine storm syndrome, one of these cytokines being interleukin (IL)-6. Our aim was to study the level of expression of NRP1 and IL-6 genes in COVID-19 patients by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study population included the test group (80 patients with COVID-19) and the control group (30 healthy individuals). Venous blood was taken from all subjects. After isolating PBMCs from blood using Ficoll, RNA was extracted. Then, cDNA synthesis, the expression level of NRP1 and IL-6 compared to GAPDH housekeeping gene was measured by real-time PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The level of NRP1 gene expression was increased significantly in COVID-19 different groups compared to the control group. Surprisingly, it was observed that the amount of NRP1 gene decreased in the vaccinated group compared to nonvaccinated groups. IL-6 gene expression was also significantly increased in all groups except vaccinated patients compared to the control group. Also, the results indicated that there was a positive and statistically considerable relationship between IL-6 expression level and NRP1 expression level (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The significant increase in the expression of NRP1 and IL-6 genes in COVID-19 patients, especially in moderate and severe cases, indicates their potential involvement in the progression of the disease, which may serve as biomarkers of disease severity. Also, since these genes play an important role in causing severe inflammation, cytokine storm, and immunopathological complications of COVID-19, further investigations maybe needed to achieve therapeutic goals to control COVID-19 and similar diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Open Strategy on the Mental Health of Chinese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Xiu Yang,&nbsp;Na Luo,&nbsp;Ya Yang,&nbsp;Wenyi Jiang,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang,&nbsp;Lingli Hou,&nbsp;Jieqiong Zhang,&nbsp;Congxia Hu,&nbsp;Jihui Lin","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70609","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In December 2022, the Chinese government shifted its COVID-19 prevention and control policy to full openness, leading to a widespread pandemic within a short period. This study aimed to examine the trajectories of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Chinese university students within 1 year after the implementation of the open policy. Additionally, it investigated the influence of sleep quality, psychological resilience, and medical specialization on these psychological trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort study was conducted among Chinese university students using stratified sampling. Follow-up assessments were conducted at three time points: T1 (December 2022–January 2023), T2 (May–June 2023), and T3 (December 2023–January 2024). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time and to examine the influence of sleep quality, psychological resilience, and medical specialization on these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At T1, a total of 2,062 university students were recruited. By T3, the follow-up rate was 63.43%, resulting in a final analytical cohort of 1,308 participants. Among them, 769 (58.8%) were female, and 539 (41.2%) were male. The majority (54.7%, <i>n</i> = 716) were between 19 and 22 years old. Stress, anxiety, and depression levels were highest among Chinese university students at the beginning of the open policy and gradually decreased over the following year. Students with poor sleep quality and poor psychological resilience exhibited worsening psychological trajectories, which showed more severe and persistent symptoms. Medical and Nonmedical students consistently exhibited similar psychological trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, the present study indicated that the change of COVID-19 prevention and control policy had more serious negative impacts on the mental health of Chinese university students than the epidemic itself. Thus, strengthening psychological treatments and psychosocial interventions for university students would be crucial in the context of a protracted infectious disease epidemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality During Outpatient Sedation-Free Colonoscopy: A Randomized Prospective Controlled Study","authors":"Myriam Ayari,&nbsp;Sameh Riahi,&nbsp;Mohamed Hedi Douggui,&nbsp;Taieb Jomni","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70563","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colonoscopy is the gold standard for accurate exploration of the colon. Thus, it must be performed as efficiently as possible. The patient's tolerance considerably affects the quality of sedation free examinations. Pharmacological sedation can solve this issue; however, it can expose to significant adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of immersive virtual reality (VR) during sedation-free colonoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a prospective controlled study including outpatients presenting for unsedated colonoscopy. Patients were randomized into Group 1: colonoscopy with VR headset and Group 2: without intervention. Anxiety, comfort, and pain were respectively evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety inventory (STAI), Gloucester scale and the verbal rating scale (VRS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 63 patients were included: intervention group G1 (<i>n</i> = 33) and control group G2 (<i>n</i> = 30). A slightly lower time to caecal intubation was noted in the intervention group without significant difference (G1 = 19 min vs. G2 = 26 min, <i>p</i> = 0.07). Patients with VR mask expressed lower levels of post-procedural anxiety than those in the control group (mean STAI G1 = 47 vs. G2 = 53, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and a significant decrease in the STAI score compared to pre-endoscopy values (8 vs. 4 points, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The per-procedural pain assessed by VRS was significantly lower in the patients using VR (Mean G1 = 0.44 vs. G2 = 1.32, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Moreover, endoscopic examination was found to be more comfortable with VR based on the Gloucester scale <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immersive VR technology is a promising, noninvasive and well-accepted tool for improving tolerance by reducing colonoscopy induced pain and anxiety allowing an optimized examination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Multimedia Electronic Training on the Nurses' Adherence to Patient Safety Principles: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Sepideh Faridi,&nbsp;Zahra Farsi,&nbsp;Nahid Rajai,&nbsp;Majid Najafi Kalyani,&nbsp;Andrew J. Fournier","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70621","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ensuring patient safety is a fundamental responsibility of nurses. Training methods that enhance nurses' adherence to patient safety principles are essential, especially in critical situations where face-to-face training may not be feasible. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of multimedia electronic training in improving nurses' adherence to patient safety principles.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2021 and 2022 with 60 nurses from a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 30) and control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 30) groups. Both groups attended an initial face-to-face session to introduce the study objectives. The intervention group then received a multimedia electronic training program on patient safety principles over 6 weeks (six 2-h sessions) and had access to a web-based question-and-answer platform. The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using an individual characteristics questionnaire and a patient safety adherence scale (with reverse scoring) before and 14 days after training. Statistical analyses, including independent &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-tests, paired &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-tests, &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tests, and Fisher's exact tests, were conducted using SPSS software (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups in adherence scores (144.17 ± 17.43 vs. 143.13 ± 18.22, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.823). However, after training, the intervention group had significantly higher scores than the control group (166 ± 0.439 vs. 144.50 ± 17.71, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Additionally, adherence scores in the intervention group improved significantly after training (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), while no significant change was observed in the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.633).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Multimedia electronic training is an effective approach to enhancing nurses' adherence to patient safety principles. This method is particularly beneficial in situations where traditional face-to-face training is unavailable. Integrating multimedia e-learning into nursing education programs is recommended to improve patient safety outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registration&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Tr","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoperfusion Combined With Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Management of ARDS COVID-19 Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Seyed MohammadReza Hashemian,&nbsp;Ameneh Jafari,&nbsp;Batoul Khoundabi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Jamaati,&nbsp;Payam Rahimi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Critically ill patients in COVID-19 to the intensive care unit (ICU) may develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, with some requiring extracorporeal organ support. This study aimed to assess the effects of combined CytoSorb hemoperfusion (HP) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the improvement of the multiorgan failure of patients with COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-six patients hospitalized in the ICU with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this quasi-experimental study. All the patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). They were treated with 1–4 sessions of HP therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum Interleukin-6 (IL6), C-reactive protein (CRP), <span>d</span>-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), ferritin, and bilirubin levels were decreased, while the concentration of albumin was significantly increased after HP/CRRT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in O2 saturation (Sao2) and creatinine levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combined HP and CRRT hold promise as a potential intervention for severe COVID-19 cases with multiple organ dysfunction, leading to improved clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Cesarean Section in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Two Largest Health Centers","authors":"Mohammed Abdulrazzak,&nbsp;Mohammed Moutaz Alshaghel,&nbsp;Moustafa Alhashemi,&nbsp;Wafik Mayo,&nbsp;Sana Oubari,&nbsp;Bakri Roumi Jamal,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahem Shammaa,&nbsp;Zahraa Jabas,&nbsp;Osama Al Horani,&nbsp;Mohamad Ali Keblawi,&nbsp;Hamdi Nawfal,&nbsp;Data Collection Group","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure used during pregnancy and childbirth to ensure maternal and fetal well-being. Global CS rates are increasing, with different studies demonstrating this trend. The purpose of this study, is to look into the prevalence of CS and its contributing factors in Syrian hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Aleppo University Hospital and Damascus University Hospital in Syria. The data were collected from patients' medical records during the period between January and December 2021. The study population included women who gave birth at these hospitals in 2021. The study used a questionnaire with four domains: sociodemographic features, mother's history, birth history, newborn information, and delivery type with indications and complications. CS indications were evaluated using protocols from the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics 25.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the deliveries, 47.4% were C-sections, with slightly higher rate at Damascus. Population characteristics revealed differences in age, residency, smoking history, birth details, and associated medical conditions. The majority of participants were aged above 25 years old, rural residents, and nonsmokers. The primary CS cases were mainly medically indicated. Most C-sections were repeat procedures (68%), with fetal distress being the most common indication. Aleppo had higher repeat C-section rates (71.5% vs. 65.5% in Damascus). Most primary C-sections were medically indicated (85.2%), while 14.8% were non-indicated, often due to maternal requests or previous complicated births.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sheds light on CS prevalence, indications, and influencing factors in Syria, contributing to the broader discourse on optimizing CS rates and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further research is necessary to explore additional factors and interventions to curb unnecessary CS procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Models Accuracy for Odontogenic Keratocyst Detection From Panoramic View Radiographs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Reyhaneh Shoorgashti,&nbsp;Mohadeseh Alimohammadi,&nbsp;Sana Baghizadeh,&nbsp;Bahareh Radmard,&nbsp;Hooman Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Simin Lesan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70614","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a radiolucent jaw lesion often mistaken for similar conditions like ameloblastomas on panoramic radiographs. Accurate diagnosis is vital for effective management, but manual image interpretation can be inconsistent. While deep learning algorithms in AI have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy for OKCs, their performance across studies is still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AI models in detecting OKC from panoramic radiographs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was performed across 5 databases. Studies were included if they examined the PICO question of whether AI models (I) could improve the diagnostic accuracy (O) of OKC in panoramic radiographs (P) compared to reference standards (C). Key performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were extracted and pooled using random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity across all studies was 83.66% (95% CI:73.75%–93.57%) and specificity was 82.89% (95% CI:70.31%–95.47%). YOLO-based models demonstrated superior diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 96.0%, compared to other architectures. Meta-regression analysis indicated that model architecture was a significant predictor of diagnostic performance, accounting for a significant portion of the observed heterogeneity. However, the analysis also revealed publication bias and high variability across studies (Egger's test, <i>p</i> = 0.042).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI models, particularly YOLO-based architectures, can improve the diagnostic accuracy of OKCs in panoramic radiographs. While AI shows strong capabilities in simple cases, it should complement, not replace, human expertise, especially in complex situations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Distribution of Waterborne Diseases in Children Under 5 Years of Age From 2018 to 2022 in the Lemba Health Zone in Kinshasa, DR Congo: A Retrospective and Observational Analysis","authors":"Jojo Mazama Sukami,&nbsp;Innocent Mufungizi,&nbsp;Julien Bompeta Lombo,&nbsp;Alfred Ulama Kadima,&nbsp;Didier Yina Ngunga,&nbsp;Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70605","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The city of Kinshasa faces the problem of access to drinking water and sanitation; its municipalities and health zones are exposed to a proliferation of waterborne diseases, a problem for the public health of the population. This study aims to carry out a spatial and temporary analysis of the distribution of waterborne diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out an environmental investigation followed by the collection of data that were processed by tools of the geographic and statistical information system using Pearson correlation to see the link between these diseases in space and time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distribution of malaria affects more intermediate zones, including Mbanza-Lemba with 9044 cases and an average of 1809 cases per year in the period studied; the same case is true for typhoid fever and diarrhea which affect the flood zone including Gombele with 12,420 cases with an average of 2484 cases per year of typhoid fever and 4931 cases for diarrhea. The Salongo health area has the most recorded cases of amoeba, including 2192, with an average of 438 per year. Malaria has a strong correlation with diarrhea, which is 0.99, these two diseases have a strong to medium correlation with amoeba. A negative correlation is observed with typhoid fever.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distribution of waterborne diseases in space and time in the region studied is linked to physical factors such as altitude and slope, creating flood zones likely to increase the spread of these diseases. The problem of access to drinking water and the problem of sanitation are other factors facilitating the spread of these diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Management Strategies for Alport Syndrome: Implications for Male Patients","authors":"Zouina Sarfraz,&nbsp;Ayesha Khan,&nbsp;Maryyam Liaqat,&nbsp;Aden Khan,&nbsp;Faheem Javad,&nbsp;Meher Saleem,&nbsp;Azza Sarfraz,&nbsp;Musfira Khalid,&nbsp;Muzna Sarfraz,&nbsp;Manish Kc,&nbsp;Omar Irfan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70595","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alport Syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive kidney disease, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000 newborns. Due to the severity of the disease, particularly in males with X-linked inheritance, this systematic review consolidates current management strategies, highlighting advancements and existing gaps in treatment options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review followed a protocol registered on the OSF platform (osf. io/k86ms). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO ICTRP was completed by December 24, 2023. Studies eligible for inclusion were clinical trials or observational studies evaluating AS management. Four clinical trials from six publications and two observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROB 2 tool for clinical trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Key interventions examined included bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, and losartan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, and losartan demonstrated potential benefits in slowing renal disease progression in AS. Observational studies indicated that early intervention might delay the need for dialysis and improve life expectancy. However, significant heterogeneity among studies precluded quantitative synthesis. Ongoing studies on AS management encompass 25 trials involving 52,135 participants, reflecting an active area of research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bardoxolone methyl, ramipril, and losartan show promise in delaying renal failure in AS. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the critical need for larger, more diverse trials to validate these therapies and explore additional treatment strategies. Future research must aim to address these evidence gaps, improving treatment efficacy and patient quality of life, particularly for males disproportionately affected by the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> <b>Protocol</b> Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The protocol for this systematic review is registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): osf. io/k86ms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}