Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Ki-67 Expression Prediction With Ultrasound Viscoelastography: Based on Peritumoral Assessment.","authors":"Xiaoli Huang, Bing Zhang, Fei Chen, Chunxiang Wei, Bei Lan, Huihui Yang, Demao Deng, Quanqing Zou","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73394","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy in women. Ultrasound viscoelastography may improve non-invasive diagnosis, but the clinical relevance of peritumoral viscoelastic parameters (VPs) and their correlation with Ki-67 remain unclear. This study explores these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study enrolled 256 breast masses (156 malignant, 100 benign). Patients underwent conventional ultrasound and viscoelastography. VPs were acquired within masses (A), peritumoral shells (Shell1: 1 mm, Shell2: 2 mm, Shell3: 3 mm), and combined regions (A' = A + Shell). Quantitative metrics included elasticity (V/1 E, V/0 E), dispersion coefficient (V/1 D), viscosity coefficient (V/0 V), and their maximum (Max), minimum (Min), mean(Mean), and standard deviation (SD) values. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC), followed by logistic regression. VPs were compared between high/low Ki-67 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUCs of peritumoral VPs exceeded those from masses. V/1 D showed higher AUC than V/0 V and elasticity values, with Shell3 V/1 D SD having the highest AUC (0.840). The diagnostic efficacy of the peritumoral viscoelastic model surpassed that of the single elasticity parameter model, with 89.1% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 82.8% accuracy. Key variables included Shell3 V/1 D and Shell3 V/0 E. Shell1 V/0 V Max was significantly higher in high versus low Ki-67 expression groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The viscoelastic model improves diagnostic accuracy by quantifying peritumoral biomechanics, and certain VPs may predict Ki-67 expression. Peritumoral VPs show potential as novel non-invasive imaging biomarkers for early breast cancer evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Satisfaction With a One-Stop Service Center in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Gong Xue, Chen Xia, Wei Li Li, Ding Xiao Rong, Peng Wei Qun","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the current status of outpatient satisfaction and its key influencing factors under the \"One-Stop\" service model, providing an empirical basis for optimizing outpatient service processes and enhancing operational efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2025, selecting 1016 outpatients (or their family members) from 15 departments in our hospital. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was used for investigation, covering basic patient information, appointment experience, quality of doctor-patient communication, and overall satisfaction. One-stop service convenience (11 items) and communication quality (4 items) were extracted as composite scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical linear regression to identify independent predictors of satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall satisfaction level among outpatients was relatively high, at 89.17% (906/1016). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that both one-stop convenience (<i>r</i> = 0.992, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and communication quality (<i>r</i> = 0.934, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were strongly associated with overall satisfaction. Hierarchical regression further identified both as significant independent predictors: one-stop convenience (<i>β</i> = 0.767, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and communication quality (<i>β</i> = 0.254, <i>p</i> < 0.01), together explaining 99.9% of the variance in satisfaction (<i>R</i> ² = 0.999). In contrast, demographic variables (age, gender) and binary waiting time (on-time vs. delayed) were not significant in the multivariable model (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Among the respondents, 94.69% (962/1016) expressed high recognition of the environmental convenience, and within this group, the excellent satisfaction rate reached 96.67%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The \"One-Stop\" service model can effectively enhance outpatient satisfaction. Service process efficiency (one-stop convenience) is the dominant driver of satisfaction, while the quality of doctor-patient communication serves as a distinct and complementary contributor. Environmental convenience remains a foundational element. These three factors should be key focuses in the continuous improvement of healthcare quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Growth-Associated Protein 43 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correspond to the Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations in Alzheimer's Dementia Continuum: An Original Study\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70534.].</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Serum TNF-α Levels Are Associated With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Tasnu Ara Nur, Zahra Labiba Ahmed, Faisal Abdullah Emon, Taslima Jamal Urmi, Mohammad Masud Parves, Md Rabiul Islam, Zabun Nahar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health disorder that affects many people in all aspects of their lives. It is characterized by persistent and excessive worry that the affected person finds difficult to control. The actual pathophysiology and mechanisms underlying GAD are still elusive. However, cytokines and cell signaling proteins are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of anxiety. The present study aimed to understand the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathophysiology of GAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study recruited 43 GAD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age, sex, and other demographic factors. A clinical psychiatrist diagnosed patients and evaluated controls according to DSM-5 criteria. The GAD-7 scale was used to measure the severity of GAD symptoms. Serum TNF-α levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and appropriate statistical methods were applied to find the associations among the analyzed parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that TNF-α levels in GAD patients were significantly elevated than in HCs. The increased TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the severity of GAD symptoms. Moreover, the ROC curve reveals the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity as 0.888 (95% CI: 0.810-0.966), 84.6%, and 83.3%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 50.86 pg/ml. These results suggest a potential role of TNF-α in the pathophysiology and development of GAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate the role of cytokine dysregulation in GAD pathogenesis. This research advances the understanding of the immune system's association with GAD. However, as this was a cross-sectional case-control study, TNF-α should at present be regarded as a candidate biomarker that needs validation in larger and longer-term studies before it can be used clinically.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.","authors":"Majani Edward, Yacinter Ndagabwene, Martha Ernest Rajabu, Ally Hamisi Ally, Hawa Mustapha, Daniel Boniphace John, Fransisca Kisigo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains the global epicenter of Ebola virus disease (EVD), having experienced more than 15 outbreaks since the disease was first identified in 1976. The 2025 resurgence in Kasai Province, caused by <i>Orthoebolavirus zairense</i>, resulted in over 60 confirmed cases and a case fatality rate exceeding 65%, highlighting persistent vulnerabilities in outbreak preparedness and response despite previous control successes. This article examines the drivers, response strategies, and public health implications of the 2025 Ebola outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This perspective synthesizes evidence from publicly available reports, epidemiological updates, genomic surveillance findings, and guidance from national and international public health agencies to examine the epidemiological characteristics, health system challenges, response interventions, and lessons learned from the 2025 Ebola outbreak in the DRC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genomic evidence suggested viral persistence in human reservoirs as a likely source of the outbreak. Delayed diagnosis due to limited laboratory capacity, reagent shortages, and slow sample transportation impeded timely case confirmation. Sociocultural factors, including unsafe burial practices, vaccine hesitancy, and community mistrust, further complicated containment efforts. The outbreak overwhelmed fragile health systems, with inadequate isolation facilities and personal protective equipment contributing to healthcare worker infections, which accounted for 10% of reported cases. Coordinated national and international interventions, including emergency response activation, ring vaccination with the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (Ervebo) vaccine, enhanced surveillance, contact tracing, infection prevention and control measures, and technical support from global partners, were instrumental in interrupting transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2025 Ebola outbreak demonstrates the continued threat of recurrent EVD in the DRC and underscores the need for resilient surveillance systems, decentralized laboratory capacity, sustained infection prevention and control measures, healthcare worker protection, meaningful community engagement, and strengthened regional collaboration. Integrating genomic surveillance and advancing vaccine research will be critical for improving epidemic preparedness and strengthening health security across Central Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Mpox in Bangladesh: Insights From a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Hemayet Hossain, Md Hasan Ali, Md Abu Boccor Siddique, Sumaya Shargin Khan, Milon Mia, Suchona Akter, Afroza Sultana Nitu, Mohammad Nahian Rahman, Mostafizor Rahman, Md Abdur Nur Sakib, Md Mosharof Hosen, Jakia Sultana Koly, Tanvir Ahmad, Sadia Islam Ria, Tanvir Ahmed, Khadiza Akter Brishty, Md Nafij Mashrur, Shihab Ahmed, Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury, Md Mahfujur Rahman","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73401","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Mpox has recently re-emerged as a significant global health concern, highlighting the importance of public awareness and preventive measures. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Mpox and its epidemiology, prevention, and control measures among the general population of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 2024 to September 2024 among 1002 participants across 16 districts, using a multi-stage random sampling approach following STROBE guidelines. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between sociodemographic factors and KAP outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1002 respondents, only 37.2% demonstrated good knowledge of Mpox, while 74.0% had positive attitudes, and 80.0% reported satisfactory preventive practices. Awareness of Mpox as a viral disease was limited (37.3%), and only 22.5% knew about the protective role of smallpox vaccination. Higher education was strongly associated with good knowledge (AOR = 11.8; 95% CI: 5.61-25.8), positive attitudes (AOR = 5.68; 95% CI: 2.63-12.5), and satisfactory practices (AOR = 6.49; 95% CI: 2.62-16.8). Non-border residents were more likely to report positive attitudes (AOR = 3.07; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and satisfactory practices (AOR = 3.84; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Urban (AOR = 2.28; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and semi-urban (AOR = 2.19; <i>p</i> = 0.014) participants showed more positive attitudes. Attitudes and practices showed the strongest correlation (<i>ρ</i> = 0.793, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating a strong association between attitudes and preventive practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that gaps in awareness and training are associated with suboptimal practices, highlighting potential areas for targeted educational interventions. Strengthening community-level awareness and preparedness may support public health readiness for potential Mpox outbreaks in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Adverse Neonatal Outcomes Among Women With Diabetes in Pregnancy in Uganda: Incidence, Distribution and Associated Factors in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sharifah Namutebi, Marie Pascaline Sabine Ishimwe, Musa Kasujja, Theodore Nteziyaremye, Silver Bagambe, Ibrahim Bwaga, Adam Damulira, Peter Okello, Asanairi Baluku, Theoneste Hakizimana","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73404","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.73404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Diabetes in pregnancy increases neonatal metabolic, respiratory, and growth-related complications, but prospective Ugandan evidence is limited. We determined the incidence and distribution of early adverse neonatal outcomes and assessed associated maternal factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study at Jinja, Hoima, and Lira Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda. Pregnant women with diabetes were enrolled at admission for delivery, and their newborns were followed until hospital discharge or 7 days of life, whichever occurred first. The composite outcome comprised macrosomia, 5-min Apgar score < 7, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, or early neonatal death. Cumulative incidence was reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate crude and adjusted risk ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 145 mother-newborn pairs. Overall, 102 newborns experienced at least one early adverse neonatal outcome, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 70.3% (95% CI: 62.2%-77.6%). Macrosomia occurred in 55/145 newborns (37.9%), 5-min Apgar score < 7 in 51/145 (35.2%), neonatal hypoglycemia in 38/145 (26.2%), respiratory distress in 31/145 (21.4%), and early neonatal death in 21/145 (14.5%). Neonatal-unit admission, reported separately as a healthcare-utilization indicator, occurred in 40/145 newborns (27.6%). After adjustment, women reporting no exercise had a lower risk of the composite outcome than those reporting exercise (adjusted risk ratio 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.91; <i>p</i> = 0.009). Maternal body mass index, residence, and antenatal-care attendance were not clearly associated with the outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early adverse neonatal outcomes were common among newborns of women with diabetes in pregnancy. The unexpected association with reported exercise may reflect exposure misclassification, reverse causation, or residual confounding and should not be interpreted as evidence that avoiding exercise is beneficial. Strengthened glycemic monitoring, delivery planning, and preparedness for neonatal metabolic and respiratory complications are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Factors Associated With Disclosure of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection Among Sexually Active Individuals in Buea, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Pride Tanyi Bobga, Njouendou Abdel Jelil, Dickson Shey Nsagha, Fabrice Ambe Ngwa, Raiye Andrel Dzon Etou, Bianpambe Ousmaila Ignagali, Arrey Tabe Michael, Bime Melissa Jane Siben, Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> remains a major global public health concern, particularly among sexually active adolescents and young adults. Disclosure of an infection to sexual partners is essential for effective management and reduction of onward transmission; however, barriers to disclosure and communication persist.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the proportion of participants willing to disclose a positive <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> result, the barriers to disclosure, and the factors associated with intended disclosure among sexually active individuals in Buea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This community-based, mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024 among 253 participants aged ≥ 15 years recruited through convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews captured sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, and perceived disclosure barriers. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' mean age was 24.2 years (SD = 4.85); most were female (64.0%) and single (89.3%). Overall, 68 participants (26.9%) indicated that they would not disclose a positive Chlamydia result, corresponding to approximately one in four participants. Major barriers included anxiety (13.1%), lack of communication (6.1%), fear of stigma, and anticipated negative partner reactions. Participants who anticipated a violent partner reaction were significantly less likely to disclose (AOR = 0.259, 95% CI: 0.109-0.615, <i>p</i> = 0.002), as were those who were uncertain about their partner's reaction (AOR = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.171-0.943, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Females had higher odds of intended disclosure than males (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.072-3.475, <i>p</i> = 0.028). Casual sex and inconsistent condom use were not significantly associated with intended disclosure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intended disclosure of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infection was constrained by psychosocial and relational barriers in Molyko. Interventions should prioritise stigma reduction, partner communication support, and community-based education to improve disclosure practices and reduce transmission among populations at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With STEAM Career Interest Among Female Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Farhana Yasmin, Mosammat Shamima Nasrain, Pretty Bowm, Jemima Jahan Meem, Israt Zahan, Md Alamgir Hossain","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Girls' access to education in Bangladesh has improved markedly. Yet women remain underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM). Quantitative evidence on the factors linked to female students' STEAM career interest is limited. This study examined how confidence, family support, access to digital resources and female role-model exposure relate to STEAM career interest. It also examined whether these factors differ between urban and rural students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between July and September 2025. Participants were 424 female students recruited through purposive sampling (65.09% undergraduate, 27.83% higher secondary, 6.84% secondary; 73.58% urban). Each construct was measured with a single five-point Likert item. Analyses included Spearman correlations, chi-square tests, Welch <i>t</i>-tests, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, and ordinal and binary logistic regression. MANOVA and K-means clustering were used as exploratory analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the binary logistic regression with all four factors, confidence (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.53-2.53) and family support (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.74-2.87) were associated with higher odds of STEAM career interest. Role-model exposure was not associated with interest (OR = 1.15, <i>p</i> = 0.212). Access showed no positive association (OR = 0.76, <i>p</i> = 0.035). Results were similar after adjustment for location and educational level, and after excluding probable duplicate submissions. Urban respondents reported stronger family encouragement than rural respondents (χ²(4) = 18.43, <i>p</i> = 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.21). Confidence and digital access did not differ significantly by location.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this research, STEAM career interest was associated jointly with self-confidence and family support. Digital access and role-model exposure showed no independent positive association. Interventions that combine confidence building with family and teacher engagement, and that embed role models in sustained mentoring, may be more promising than single-factor approaches. Longitudinal and representative studies are needed to confirm these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness and Preferences for Mobile Health Versus In-Person Healthcare Services Among People Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi, Soheila Saeedi, Alireza Banaye Yazdipour, Marjan Ghazisaeedi, Hassan Bostan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.73108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Mobile health technology (mHealth) has made significant progress in the fields of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This technology is particularly effective for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who often face social stigma and make in-person visits to health centers difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the willingness and preferences of people living with HIV (PLWH) regarding the use of mHealth services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical survey was conducted in Iran in 2024. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist with three sections: demographic variables, willingness to use mHealth services, and preferred treatment methods. The checklist, designed based on previous studies, was administered to PLWH attending health centers in Abadan, Iran. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 144 patients participated in the study; 26.4% were female, and 73.6% were male. The findings showed that 30 (20.8%) patients preferred in-person clinic visits, 47 (32.6%) desired to use a mobile application, and 67 (46.5%) favored a combination of both methods for disease management. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between preferred treatment method (face-to-face, mobile, or both) and residency (rural or urban), familiarity with mHealth applications, receipt of services through mHealth, and type of mobile phone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most PLWH expressed willingness to use mHealth services, with a blended model combining mHealth and face-to-face care being the most preferred approach. mHealth may complement conventional HIV care by improving accessibility and continuity of services. These findings can inform the development of patient-centered mHealth interventions, although further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e73108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13664670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}