Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic identification of class C and D β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Nahid Mohammadnezhad,&nbsp;Maryam Nazari,&nbsp;Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi Mostafavi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar,&nbsp;Farzad Khademi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) antibiotic resistance is an important public health problem worldwide that can negatively affect infection control. Therefore, obtaining knowledge about antibiotic resistance mechanisms is necessary for infection control policies. This study aimed to determine the frequency of class C and D β-lactamases in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains isolated from patients referred to Ardabil hospitals using phenotypic and genotypic tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenotypic detection of β-lactamases including AmpC cephalosporinase, oxacillinase (OXA)-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and OXA-type carbapenemases were performed using the disk diffusion-based methods. Amplification of genes encoding classes C (<i>ampC</i> and <i>FOX</i> genes) and D (<i>OXA-1</i>, <i>OXA-2</i>, <i>OXA-10</i>, <i>OXA-23</i>, and <i>OXA-48</i> genes) β-lactamases was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) method was used to determine the expression level of the <i>ampC</i> gene among multiple drug-resistant and imipenem-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In phenotypic tests, the prevalence of AmpC cephalosporinase, OXA-type ESBLs, and OXA-type carbapenemases were 52.5%, 7.2%, and 95.8%, respectively. In genotypic tests, the prevalence of <i>ampC</i>, <i>FOX</i>, <i>OXA-1</i>, <i>OXA-2</i>, <i>OXA-10</i>, <i>OXA-23</i>, and <i>OXA-48</i> genes were 100%, 0%, 4.3%, 60.8%, 42%, 29.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. In addition, the <i>ampC</i> gene overexpression was seen in 16 (33.3%) drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the presence of class C and D β-lactamases in clinical isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in Ardabil hospitals, early detection of these strains can help prevent the spread of resistant strains in hospital environments and subsequent treatment failure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contemporary economic breakdown of Pakistan and its consequences on the mental health of inflation-stricken nation","authors":"Tasmiyah Siddiqui,&nbsp;Ayesha Saadat,&nbsp;Rooja Zubair,&nbsp;Shafaq Taseen","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Over the past seven decades, Pakistan has grappled with recurring episodes of political instability that have invariably led to severe economic and financial crises in the country. Recent months, however, have brought unprecedented challenges to our nation's economic stability. A dramatic surge in fuel prices, soaring electricity bills, abrupt hikes in sales taxes, and the relentless impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have coalesced to create a perfect storm. With a population of approximately 231 million, Pakistan is teetering on the brink of what could be a historically catastrophic economic breakdown. The nation's mental health is now at stake, given the sharp spikes in inflation and the resulting financial hardships faced by its citizens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many studies have shown positive association between financial constraints and onset of mental health problems.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Similarly, multiple suicide cases of young people have been reported in the past few months due to poverty, joblessness, and inflation in different cities of Pakistan.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; These dire circumstances are particularly concerning given that mental healthcare services remain limited, and mental health concerns are often stigmatized, preventing individuals from seeking help.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The economic crisis extends its damaging effects to vulnerable populations, including children growing up in impoverished households. Such circumstances can give rise to a host of emotional, social, and intellectual problems that may hinder their transition into productive adulthood. Adding to the complexity, nearly 40% of Pakistan's population lacks health insurance, which creates another significant barrier to accessing mental health services.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although, in Pakistan, mental health services are included in the Sehat Sahulat Program, which is a health insurance scheme for underprivileged citizens. However, it's important to note that mental illness is often not fully covered by insurance under this program, and government spending is considered the major source of financing for affordable healthcare. The budget allocation for mental health services is crucial, and there is a need for a particular focus on low-resource districts to avoid patients and their families having to travel to tertiary care hospitals in better-resourced districts of Pakistan.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; With the recent skyrocketing inflation and the contemporary wave of political turmoil in the country, the GDP rates are dropping drastically day to day, with a figure of 5% in the last few years and the foreign reserves of the country are also replenishing expeditiously. According to an economic survey report 2023, the value of the rupee has been depreciating persistently at a rate of 24% since the year-to-date against the rate of the dollar, which is appraising up to 17%, the fact which is convincing International Monetary Funds to continue the legacy of their grants and loans ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV vaccination: Navigating the path to a transformative breakthrough—A review of current evidence","authors":"Godfred Yawson Scott,&nbsp;Dominic Worku","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 39 million people living with HIV worldwide as of 2022. Despite progress in antiretroviral therapy, achieving the UNAIDS “95-95-95” target to end the HIV epidemic by 2025 faces challenges, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The pursuit of an HIV vaccine is crucial, offering durable immunity and the potential to end the epidemic. Challenges in vaccine development include the lack of known immune correlates, suitable animal models, and HIV's high mutation rate. This study aims to explore the current state of HIV vaccine development, focusing on the challenges and innovative approaches being investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In writing this review, we conducted a search of medical databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The exploration of messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, which have proven successful in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, presents a promising avenue for HIV vaccine development. Understanding HIV-1's ability to infiltrate various bodily compartments, establish reservoirs, and manipulate immune responses is critical. Robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes and broadly neutralizing antibodies are identified as key components, though their production faces challenges. Innovative approaches, including computational learning and advanced drug delivery systems, are being investigated to effectively activate the immune system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Discrepancies between animal models and human responses have hindered the progress of vaccine development. Despite these challenges, ongoing research is focused on overcoming these obstacles through advanced methodologies and technologies. Addressing the challenges in HIV vaccine development is paramount to realizing an effective HIV-1 vaccine and achieving the goal of ending the epidemic. The integration of innovative approaches and a deeper understanding of HIV-1's mechanisms are essential steps toward this transformative breakthrough.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterprise risk management implementation challenges in medical laboratories in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"Donald Vhanda,&nbsp;Kudzai Chinowaita,&nbsp;Frank Chinowaita,&nbsp;Reynold Vhanda,&nbsp;Brenda Nherera,&nbsp;Tafadzwa Dzinamarira,&nbsp;Itai James Blessing Chitungo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical laboratories play crucial roles in healthcare, and effective enterprise risk management (ERM) is necessary to ensure business continuity, patient safety, and quality of care. In medical laboratories, ERM is important for enhancing patient safety, regulatory compliance and accreditation, quality management, business continuity, and cyber security. By following ERM principles and approaches, the medical laboratories can proactively manage their risks, improve patient safety, and maintain a high level of quality and reliability of outcomes. However, implementing ERM in medical laboratories faces unique challenges. This study explored the specific challenges and offers practical solutions for overcoming them to ensure successful ERM implementation in Harare, Zimbabwe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was done through 41 self-administered questionnaires and interviews with medical laboratory staff from the six main medical laboratories in Harare. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed using mean scores of Likert scale responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main challenges identified in the study included increased workload, staffing, organizational structures, timeliness of information, inadequate information technology support, and insufficient financial support in ERM. These can be addressed by portfolio management of risks, leveraging on cutting edge technology, restructuring to ensure swift responses to issues and redistributing staff workload, and training personnel to avoid burnouts and ensure maximum efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implementing ERM in medical laboratories requires understanding and addressing these challenges. By following the ERM principles and approaches the medical laboratories can proactively manage their risks, improve patient safety and maintain a high level of quality and reliability of outcomes ERM is still a new approach in the sector and needs further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective registry study of the epidemiology and management of childhood cancer in the Gambia—The first year experience","authors":"Samuel Adegoke,&nbsp;Cherno Jallow,&nbsp;Olufunmilola Ogun,&nbsp;Wuday Camara,&nbsp;Musa Jaiteh,&nbsp;Peter Mendy,&nbsp;Gabriel Ogun,&nbsp;Ousman Leigh,&nbsp;Barry Pizer","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally, over 180,000 children develop cancers yearly, with about 80% residing in low- or middle-income countries where cancer-associated mortality is also high. In The Gambia, cumulative incidence rate of 27.6 childhood cancers/million population was reported between 2002 and 2011. The current study appraised newly-established pediatric oncological services in The Gambia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this prospective registry study, children with cancer who presented at the pediatric units, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, between November 2022 and October 2023 were assessed. Data on sociodemographic variables, mode of admission and presentation, tumor type, diagnostic methods, and challenges such as laboratory support, treatment, use of blood/blood products; and eventual outcome were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (interquartile range, IQR) age at presentation of the 44 children was 36.0 (22.3–117.0) months. Wilms tumor was the most common tumor 12 (27.3%); followed by leukemia 11 (25.0%); germ cell tumor 8 (18.2%); lymphoma 6 (13.6%); retinoblastoma 4 (9.1%); rhabdomyosarcoma 2 (4.5%) and one central nervous system tumor (2.3%). The median(IQR) duration of symptoms before presentation was 48 (21–90) days, presentation to diagnosis 7.5 (3–20.8) days, and first symptom to diagnosis 62.5 (32–126.8) days. Treatment refusal and abandonment rates were 20.5% and 13.6%, respectively. Families of 93.8% of children could not procure cytotoxic drugs due to nonavailability, high cost, or both. Adequate laboratory monitoring was only available in 6.8%, and none had platelet concentrate transfusion or radiotherapy. The nine (20.5%) who completed treatment are currently being followed up, 10(22.7%) are still receiving chemotherapy, while 2(4.5%) were referred. Eight (18.2%) died, predominantly from metastasis (75%) and severe drug toxicities (25%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Late presentation and diagnosis, poverty, unavailability of drugs, suboptimal or lack of laboratory testing, blood product, adjuvant medications, and psychosocial supports contributed to high treatment refusal, abandonment, and mortality. These daunting challenges can be ameliorated with regular community sensitization, frequent cancer auditing, and strong political will.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of educational intervention on quality of life in adults with thalassemia major: A quasi-experimental study based on PRECEDE model","authors":"Laleh Hassani,&nbsp;Niloofar Seyrafi,&nbsp;Sama Mohammadi,&nbsp;Teamur Aghamolaei,&nbsp;Amin Ghanbarnejad,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Evazi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Due to the adverse effects of their disease, patients with thalassemia major face many problems such as a lack of proper growth, enlarged spleen and liver, bone disorders, especially the bones of the head and face. As a result of the long treatment process of this disease, other aspects of their life are also affected. The physical and mental problems in this population of patients will lead to frustration and lower social performance and quality of life. The present study aimed to explore the effect of an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE model on quality of life of adults with thalassemia major in Hormozgan province.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 234 adults with major thalassemia who visited the thalassemia medical centers in Hormozgan province in 2022. The participants were selected through a simple randomization from two cities of Hormozgan province (Bandar Abbas as the intervention group and Minab as the control). Each group had an equal number of participants (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 117). The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the model constructs and the SF-12 quality of life questionnaire. The instruments were once administered before the intervention and once again 4 months after the intervention. The educational intervention included 3 sessions a week, each 60 min in length, shared in WhatsApp and Telegram. The data were analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences version 24 using Mann−Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;-test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon's test, and analysis of covariance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The results showed that after the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, enabling afctors, reinforcing factors and the mean score of overall quality of life increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The covariance analysis showed when the effect of the pretest score is removed, the mean scores of the model constructs and the quality of life are significantly different in the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Educational interventions based on the PRECEDE model can help identify factors affecting the quality of life on many aspects in patients with thalassemia major. Thus, these interventions help improve patients' quality of life. The present findings can guide health policy makers and experts use modern edu","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes and factors associated with cirrhosis, fatty liver, and viral load: A registry-based cross-sectional cohort study in Western Iran during 1999–2023","authors":"Babak Sayad,&nbsp;Arezoo Bozorgomid,&nbsp;Nazanin Sayad,&nbsp;Marya Azhdari,&nbsp;Maryam Bahadori,&nbsp;Shahab Rezaeian,&nbsp;Maryam Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important infectious disease that imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems. Determining the prevalence of HCV genotypes in a area is essential for the successful implementation of HCV elimination programs and allocation of financial resources to direct-acting antiviral direct-acting antivirals (DAA) treatments against prevalent HCV genotypes. Accordingly, we conducted a registry-based cross-sectional cohort study to investigate the prevalence of HCV genotypes and factors associated with cirrhosis, fatty liver, and viral load in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients presenting to the Hepatitis Clinic of the Research Center for Infectious Diseases affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences between 1999 and 2023 were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected to assess HCV genotypes and viral load. Additionally, demographic data and the status of cirrhosis and fatty liver were extracted from the registry system records throughout the study period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Records of 828 patients with an average age of 40.38 ± 11.72 years (range: 11–80 years) were included in the study that 721 individuals were male, and 107 were female. The prevalence of fatty liver and cirrhosis was 30.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Four genotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) and four subtypes (1a, 1b, 3a, and 3b) were identified, with subtype 3a (55.7%) being the most prevalent, followed by subtype 1a (34.3%). None of the variables including age, gender, viral load level, and genotypes 1 and 3 were associated with fatty liver or cirrhosis. However, age, gender, and genotype were correlated with the viral load (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common HCV subtypes in Kermanshah were 3a and 1a. Genotypes 2 and 4 were identified in one case each. Further studies on identifying HCV subtypes in different regions of the country are recommended to manage HCV infection and predict the prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of percutaneous coronary intervention and risk of new-onset acute ischemic stroke in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study insight into the National Inpatient Sample Database (2016–2019)","authors":"Bo Shi,&nbsp;Xueping Ma,&nbsp;Congyan Ye,&nbsp;Rui Yan,&nbsp;Shizhe Fu,&nbsp;Kairu Wang,&nbsp;Mingzhi Cui,&nbsp;Ru Yan,&nbsp;Shaobin Jia,&nbsp;Guangzhi Cong","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For patients with high-risk non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), current guidelines recommend an early invasive strategy within 24 h. New-onset acute ischemic stroke (NAIS) is a rare but fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the effect of the timing of PCI and the risk of NAIS in NSTEMI is poorly defined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with NSTEMI who underwent PCI were queried from the National Inpatient Sample Database (2016–2019) and stratified into three groups: early (&lt;24 h), medium (24–72 h), and late (&gt;72 h) PCI. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between timing of PCI and NAIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 633,115 weighted hospitalizations, patients in the late PCI group had a higher incidence of NAIS (1.3%) than those in the early (0.67%) and medium (0.71%) PCI groups. Patients undergoing late PCI were older, more likely to be female, and had a greater incidence of comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary and renal illness, and atrial fibrillation) than those undergoing early or medium PCI. After adjustment, only late PCI was significantly associated with a 54% increased NAIS risk (adjusted odds ratio: 1.54 [95% confidence interval: 1.29–1.84]). Additionally, there was heterogeneity in the magnitude of risk by age and sex. Younger people (&lt;65 years) (<i>p</i> for interaction &lt;0.001) and men (interaction-value <i>p</i> = 0.040) were more likely to encounter NAIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Late PCI was associated with a higher risk of NAIS than early PCI, particularly among men and those aged &lt;65 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Prediction of potential public health risk of the recent multicountry monkeypox outbreak: An update after the end declaration of global public health emergency","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We would like to share ideas on the publication “Prediction of potential public health risk of the recent multicountry monkeypox outbreak: An update after the end declaration of global public health emergency.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The monkeypox virus (MPV) literature search shed light on the advent of novel variations that have caused Public Health Emergencies of International Concern in a number of different geographical areas. Nonetheless, the study found that MPV is no longer seen as a threat to global public health because of its low lethality and rate of transmission. Furthermore, healthcare officials have been able to manage and control MPV infections more effectively thanks to the availability of curative and preventive interventions. The review also emphasized MPV's present state, its future developments, and its historical and evolutionary background.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While it is crucial to include climate and environmental issues in the review, such as the effects of pollution or rainfall, it appears that current sources may not give the greatest foundation for establishing causal links. Further exploration of higher-quality ecological research may help us understand these complex concerns. The methodology's narrow focus on particular databases like PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect could be one of its weaknesses. A more thorough grasp of the subject may have been attained by broadening the search to include other sources and databases. Furthermore, it is possible that the choice of particular keywords unintentionally removed pertinent research or MPV-related data. A more thorough search approach could be beneficial for future research projects to make sure all pertinent literature is included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the concerns raised regarding the need for a broader survey of the MPV-related literature, it is important to address a significant shortcoming in the review article on the prevalence of co-infection in patients diagnosed with monkeypox. The lack of discussion on this issue, particularly in update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is critical. Co-infection can complicate the clinical presentation of monkeypox, which may lead to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Understanding the interactions between MPV and other pathogens is essential for developing effective diagnostic protocols, treatment strategies, and preventive measures.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; By integrating this consideration into future research and discussions, healthcare professionals can better identify populations at risk and tailor interventions accordingly. A more comprehensive approach that includes the epidemiology of co-infections will not only improve patient outcomes but also provide a stronger public health strategy for managing monkeypox outbreaks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Future paths for MPV research may entail investigating potential risk factors and susceptible groups in addition to doing a more thorough examination of the symptoms linke","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparities among prestigious biomedical award recipients in Japan: A cross sectional study","authors":"Hayase Hakariya,&nbsp;Tatsuki Ikejiri,&nbsp;Arisa Hakariya,&nbsp;Mayumi Hara","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The limited inclusion of women in medical and biomedical research has been a long-standing global issue.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Gender and racial inequity continue to pervade contemporary society, including domains such as in leadership positions,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; remunerations,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; research publication citations,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and professional awards.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8, 9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The gender gap has been observed in the number of original papers,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7, 10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; which is an important indicator for evaluating performance, and the proportion of women first author is lower in women scientists.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Moreover, opportunities for women scientists to present and gain recognition at academic conferences have been limited,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and a similar gender gap has also been reported in the chance of obtaining grants.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;12, 13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Accumulating these gaps may result in a lower proportion of women in the professional awards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Previous research investigating the proportion of women among prestigious awards, such as the Nobel Prize,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; the Lasker Award,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and other diverse international research awards,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; has illuminated the underrepresentation of women within scientific research fields; only 2.7% of Nobel Prize recipients and 7.8% of Lasker Award winners were women. One of the documented reasons for the observed disparities among Nobel Prize winners before 1967 is the lower proportions of women than men among nominees.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; However, women's underrepresentation in prestigious awards is presumably caused by a combination of multiple causes including gender discrimination and gender bias.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Historically in Japan, the Basic Law for a Gender-Equal Society enacted in 1999 has provided milestones and general guidelines for promoting gender equity in society, including academia. Nevertheless, gender gaps still pervade in Japanese higher education,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with women representation in undergraduate 45.6%, in master courses 31.7%, and doctoral courses 34.2%, respectively in 2022.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Remarkably in academia, Japan stood out with strikingly few female academic authors compared with other high-income countries.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The number of academic papers is one of the important indicators for evaluating scientific performance.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Thus, it is reasonable to hypothesize that there might also be a gender gap in the award conferral stage in Japan. However, few studies have assessed the circumstances surrounding women representation in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To improve such gender imbalance, Japanese government and universities have begun to promote women's empowerment with relevant policies or practices, emphasizing the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion, and women in science. For instance,","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}