Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Trends and Developments in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Research","authors":"Fan-Rong He,&nbsp;Yan-Rui Lin,&nbsp;Yu-Hua Wen,&nbsp;Jin-He Deng","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the prevalence of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) as a chronic skin disease in clinical settings, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis summarizing the existing literature on this topic. The aim of this study is to offer clinicians, researchers, and other interested parties an up-to-date overview of the research status and emerging trends in VLS through the use of bibliometric analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present research employed a thorough examination of the Web of Science Core Collection to identify publications pertaining to VLS within the time frame of January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2023. A total of 1698 publications were scrutinized utilizing Microsoft Excel software and various visualization tools, including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Pajek, to discern specific characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current research encompassed a total of 1,698 articles pertaining to VLS. The analysis of citation bursts and co-citation patterns has revealed a high level of confidence in the effectiveness and safety of topical corticosteroids for the treatment of VLS, establishing them as the preferred primary treatment for this condition. Since 2018, there has been a significant increase in VLS publications, with the United States and United Kingdom emerging as leading contributors. Research has moved from examining past pathological changes like “epidermal atrophy” to focusing on “long-term treatment management,” and improving “quality of life”. The exact mechanism of VLS remains unclear, but it is linked to cytokine immune regulation, oxidative stress, and potential epigenetic changes or genetic mutations in susceptible individuals. It could also develop into vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Institutions are expected to allocate more resources for VLS prevention and long-term management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Well-Being of Slum Dwellers Are Associated With WaSH-Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study From India","authors":"P. Padma Sri Lekha,&nbsp;E. P. Abdul Azeez,&nbsp;B. Latha Lavanya,&nbsp;V. Kalyani,&nbsp;Manoj Mathew,&nbsp;S. Giri Prasath,&nbsp;J. Leo Joshwin,&nbsp;U. Nithyasree","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70811","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The adverse health outcomes due to unsafe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) are a public health concern in low-and middle-income countries. However, evidence on how WaSH is associated with psychological outcomes is minimal. Insights on this association would help address the well-being of the slum population. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the association between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of WaSH, water insecurity experiences, and sanitation-related quality of life on the well-being of individuals living in slums.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the KAP of WaSH, water insecurity experience scale, sanitation-related quality of life scale, and WHO well-being index to collect data from adult slum dwellers aged 18 years and above from Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. We adopted a cross-sectional study design and employed a systematic sampling procedure to select the households. The data was collected through a face-to-face household survey (<i>n</i> = 258; Male = 171; Female = 87). We employed a multiple regression model to understand the association of various factors with well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that a positive attitude toward WaSH and higher water insecurity experiences significantly reduced the well-being of the slum dwellers. However, good WaSH practices (<i>β</i> = 0.37; 99% CI = 0.23–0.51) and sanitation-related quality of life (<i>β</i> = 0.38; 99% CI = 0.25–0.50) led to good well-being among slum-dwellers. Also, the presence of toilets significantly contributed to the increase in well-being and sanitation-related quality of life. In summary, the accessibility to water sources, appropriate sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices increased the likelihood of well-being among slum-dwellers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that promoting adherence to proper WaSH practices, enhancing water security, and providing availability and access to toilet facilities for individuals living in slums are important to improving their well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Health Managers Leadership Profiles Determined According to Change–Production–Employee Model: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ozden Ozilice,&nbsp;Bulent Kilic","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70999","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leadership is the process of directing a specific group toward specific goals. Identifying and developing leadership qualities among managers working in healthcare institutions is important for effective healthcare management. The aim is to determine leadership behaviors using the Change, Production, and Employee Model Leadership Scale among healthcare managers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is a cross-sectional analytical study. Data were collected from a public and a private hospital in Izmir province between July and September 2018. A total of 395 employees evaluated 80 supervisors. The Change, Production, and Employee Model Leadership Scale was used to determine leadership qualities. Independent samples <i>t</i>-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare scale dimension scores according to sociodemographic work characteristics. Hierarchical clustering and K-means techniques were used to determine leadership styles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leadership profiles were identified as Management by objectives (32.5%), Middle-of-the-Road (27.5%), Super (23.75%), and Invisible (16.5%) leaders. Those with female supervisors, permanent employees, and those working fewer than 45 h/week statistically gave higher scores for Change and Employee to their supervisors. Employees in private healthcare institutions statistically gave higher Change scores to their supervisors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identification of Management by objectives, Middle-of-the-Road, and Super leader profiles, which demonstrate certain competencies in all three dimensions of Change, Production, and Employee orientation, is evaluated positively. It is believed that this study will contribute to a better understanding of leadership styles in the healthcare sector and will be beneficial in developing effective management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV and HIV–Hepatitis B Co-Infection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in the Gambia, 2012–2019: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Sheikh Omar Bittaye,&nbsp;Abubacarr Kambi,&nbsp;Momodou A. I. Tekanyi,&nbsp;Saydiba Tamba,&nbsp;Lamin Bojang,&nbsp;Lamin Sanneh,&nbsp;Momodou Musa Sisawo,&nbsp;Abdoulie Jatta,&nbsp;Gibril Fatty,&nbsp;Adam Jeng,&nbsp;Momodou Salieu Jallow,&nbsp;Ousman Leigh,&nbsp;Ramou Njie","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HIV–hepatitis B co-infection rapidly progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC and has a poor prognosis. The study therefore assesses the prevalence of HIV and HIV–hepatitis B co-infection in the Gambia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From June 2012 to September 2019, patients with confirmed diagnosis of HCC were enrolled. All patients medical history, ultrasound scan, fibroscan and laboratory details were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study recruited 476 HCC patients. The prevalence of HIV amongst the HCC patient was 21 (4.4%), and this was higher in males, 19 (4.9%), than in females, 2 (2.2%). The HCC patients with Hepatitis B only were 319 (67.2%). Those HCC patients with HIV-hepatitis B co-infection were 17 (3.6%). HCC patients with HIV–hepatitis B co-infection were much younger and more likely to be male as compared to HCC patients with Hepatitis B only or HCC patients with negative HIV–hepatitis B. There was no difference between the median survivals of the three HCC patient groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of HIV in HCC patients is higher than in the general population. HIV–hepatitis B disproportionately affects young men, but there was no difference in survival. This study therefore confirms the need to have an integrated HIV–hepatitis B services in Hepatology clinics or screening programs in the Gambia to early detect co-infections, especially in young men and start them on treatment to prevent chronic liver disease complications and improve prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Caring Attributes Among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Behnaz Bagherian,&nbsp;Monirsadat Nematollahi,&nbsp;Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori,&nbsp;Shima Mehrabian,&nbsp;Peiman Parandeh Afshar,&nbsp;Asma Ghonchehpour","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caring attributes reflect the nurses' view of care and the importance of caring roles for nurses. Nursing education also provides an ideal situation to develop students' caring behaviors. However, nursing educators have little knowledge of the influences of educational programs and student development at different stages, mainly due to limited exposure to updated training or research in this area. The present study aimed to compare the caring attributes experienced by nursing students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 nursing students in the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Kerman, Southeastern Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire including a demographic information form and a 34-item caring attributes questionnaire (CAQ).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was shown that the mean score of students' caring attributes was 122.03 ± 11.77 at a desirable level (higher than the median score (= 104.5). No statistically significant difference in overall caring attribute scores was found among students across the three educational levels (Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctoral) (<i>p</i> = 0.27). But at the undergraduate level with eight semesters, nursing students in the fifth semesters have the highest caring attributes (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Also, the undergraduate students had higher scores on the caring negation compared to the master students and PhD students (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The PhD. students scored significantly higher on the scores of caring communication compared to the undergraduate and master students (<i>p</i> = 0.009).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While overall caring attributes were at a desirable level, the study revealed significant differences in specific attributes based on educational level. These findings highlight the importance of considering educational level when fostering caring behaviors in nursing students, particularly in communication and negation aspects of care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiseptics Prescription for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Lamiae Costo,&nbsp;Mariam Mounsif,&nbsp;Lamiaa Abdallaoui Maan,&nbsp;Amal Bouziane","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antiseptics have been widely used in periodontology and implantology as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control. The main objective of this review was to summarize the best evidence for the use of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Keywords such as (Antiseptics OR mouthwashes) AND (gingivitis OR periodontitis OR peri-implantitis OR mucositis) were used. Inclusion criteria included narrative or systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis and clinical studies. In vitro, animal studies, and case reports were excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antiseptics, including chlorhexidine, essential oils, and povidone-iodine, proved effective in reducing gingival inflammation and improving the plaque index. Other molecules, such as octenidine dihydrochloride, showed some effectiveness, although further studies are needed to expand their use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antiseptics play a crucial role in improving periodontal health. Prescriptions should be tailored to therapeutic goals to ensure appropriate dosage and duration, while avoiding excessive use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Intraoperative Low-Dose Glucocorticoids in Patients With Abdominal Sepsis Undergoing Surgery","authors":"Kinza Irshad,&nbsp;Ashfaq Ahmad,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71014","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I have read with interest the article, “&lt;i&gt;Intraoperative Low-Dose Glucocorticoids in Surgical Patients With Abdominal Sepsis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study&lt;/i&gt;” by Tianzhu Tao et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], and I want to commend and congratulate the authors for their impressive and committed work in establishing a significant medical correlation between administering glucocorticoids during surgery to patients with diagnosed abdominal sepsis and how it affects their clinical results. Sepsis is a lethal disease state that results in organ failure, and it is caused by impaired or heightened host responses to an infection, resulting in critical illness that subjects the patients to an intensive care unit (ICU) to support their vital organs [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Glucocorticoids are potent medications used as the primary drugs of choice in inflammatory diseases as they have effective anti-inflammatory properties [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. However, I would like to add that it is worth noting that one major emerging issue associated with prolonged high circulating glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations is the development of GC resistance [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Some sepsis-related clinical studies have suggested a peripheral decrease in expression of the active glucocorticoid receptor (GRα) gene in blood, which could be seen as the marker of “generalized resistance” to glucocorticoids during sepsis [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. These elements might affect GC signalling and lessen the effectiveness of GCs, and make individuals respond to it even less, raising the likelihood of septic shock and postoperative mortality, even with the use of GCs during surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are stimulated by host immune responses during sepsis [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. All participants involved in this study underwent extensive surgery that could have triggered hyperinflammation similar to sepsis via induction of DAMPs [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], that also trigger the host immune responses, therefore making the sepsis-induced critical illness even worse [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. These factors can worsen the predicted disease course, creating variance in individual clinical outcomes and increasing the rate of mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the research highlighted the utility of the SOFA score for diagnosis of sepsis, it failed to address any laboratory assessments conducted for sepsis biomarkers including acute-phase proteins, cytokines, chemokines, DAMPs, endothelial cell markers, leukocyte surface markers, noncoding RNAs, miRNA, and soluble receptors, as well as metabolites and alterations in gene expression (transcriptomics) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Research shows that these biomarkers could assist in categorizing patients undergoing sepsis into various biological phenotypes, such as hyperinflammatory versus immunosuppressive [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], further guiding the prognosis and patient-specific treatments. These biological biomarkers can also serve","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Intersection Between Hormonal Dynamics and Brain Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review for Implementing New Therapeutic Strategies","authors":"Abir Ghosson,&nbsp;Fatima Soufan,&nbsp;Hussein Kaddoura,&nbsp;Elissa Fares,&nbsp;Olivier Uwishema","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70975","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, is portrayed by neurocognitive decline in the structure and function of the human brain. Various factors are implicated in the pathogenesis to neuroplasticity alteration in the brain of an individual afflicted with AD. The subset of these elements known as “hormonal dynamics” is paramount in the pathophysiology of AD. This review dives into the complex relationship between hormonal dynamics and brain neuroplasticity with special handling of AD considering the impediments and opportunities for the implementation of therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive review was conducted using online search databases PubMed/Medline and ScienceDirect, identifying—with a thematic approach—articles handling the interaction between the hormonal fluctuation and neuroplasticity in AD with special consideration sought from the emerging therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review reveals the influence of various hormonal fluctuations, including estrogens and androgens, on neuroplasticity alteration in the structure and function of the brain in AD. Furthermore, the forms of neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity processes are significantly altered with underlying neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in AD. Therefore, pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy approaches as virtual reality and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), that promote synaptic plasticity advancements, play a key role in decreasing the rate of deterioration and progression in AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apprehending the intricate interactions between hormonal dynamics and neuroplasticity of the brain is necessary for advancing targeted therapeutics for AD. Upcoming studies should be directed toward the pathophysiological mechanism of hormonal neuroprotection and regeneration with the long-term effects of hormonal replacement therapies, advocating personalized management plans. It should also work on identifying specific imaging and biological markers for the monitoring of HRT. Furthermore, other influences such as environmental, epigenetic, physical, and psychological illness should be tackled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views of Family Caregivers on Advance Care Planning in Advanced Dementia Care in Hong Kong: A Qualitative Thematic Content Analysis Study","authors":"Faye Chan,&nbsp;Kuen Lam,&nbsp;Derek Lai,&nbsp;Connie Tong,&nbsp;Christopher Lum,&nbsp;Jean Woo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70983","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advance care planning (ACP) can be useful for person-centered dementia care, but it is unfamiliar in Hong Kong. Without advanced discussion of care preferences, it can add stress to family caregivers in decision-making for future care and impact patients' quality of life. The study aimed to explore family caregivers' views on ACP as well as to understand their perceived outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This qualitative study involved 23 interviews with family caregivers who attended the ACP information talks. The interviews were transcribed and then coded using a thematic content analysis framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging themes include (1) receptive to ACP, (2) mixed emotions, (3) barriers to ACP, (4) family consensus in decision-making, and (5) benefits of ACP. Family caregivers were open to ACP when initiated by the healthcare team, particularly if patients had previously expressed a desire to forgo treatments, experienced prior crisis episodes, or had multiple hospital admissions. They found starting the conversation challenging, and local culture evaded the topic. Other barriers included the interpretation of filial expectation, building family consensus, and ACP knowledge gap. They needed to overcome internal emotional struggle and related barriers to progress the ACP process. The benefits of ACP included family cohesiveness, enhanced family communication, as well as better preparation for the patient's death, such as minimized unfinished business. For families that could not work through the barriers, the ACP process could become stagnant. Healthcare providers could play a pivotal role in facilitating ACP by addressing the ACP barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthcare professionals can encourage ACP discussion in early dementia care. ACP can raise family caregivers' expectations in end-of-life care. The ACP outcome of quality care is more important than documentation of forgoing life-sustaining treatments or advance (medical) directives. Proper training for healthcare professionals is crucial for initiating and facilitating ACP as well as upholding quality end-of-life care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There Any Correlation Between Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Histopathologic Findings of Meningioma? A Retrospective Study","authors":"Mahrokh Sadat Vaziri,&nbsp;Fahimeh Zeinalkhani,&nbsp;Soroush Alaeddini,&nbsp;Vahid Soleimani,&nbsp;Jayran Zebardast,&nbsp;Peyman Kamali Hakim,&nbsp;Hadise Zeinalkhani,&nbsp;Fahime Azizinik,&nbsp;Sina Delazar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Meningiomas are common CNS tumors, with grading critical for treatment. This study aimed to determine if diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) correlates with histopathologic findings in meningioma, focusing on tumor grade, subtype, and Ki-67 index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 68 patients with meningioma who underwent preoperative MRI with DWI. Tumor grade was determined using the WHO classification. DWI intensity was categorized as hyperintense, isointense, or hypointense relative to normal brain tissue. ADC values were measured, and diffusion restriction was defined as high signal intensity on DWI with low signal intensity on the ADC map. Histopathologic analysis assessed the Ki-67 proliferation index. Statistical analysis used ANOVA, Chi-square, univariable linear regression (β), and odds ratios (OR) via SPSS 17.0, with <i>p </i>&lt; 0.05 as significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 68 patients with a mean age of 52.1 ± 15.6 years, mostly females (67.65%). Most tumors were grade 1 (73.5%) with male patients having higher tumor grades than females. Meningothelial was the most common subtype. DWI intensity correlated with tumor grade, with higher grades more likely to be hypointense. ADC values varied with tumor grades, being significantly higher in grade 1 tumors. Diffusion restriction was more common in higher-grade tumors. Ki-67 was higher in males (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and inversely linked to ADC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both qualitative DWI features and quantitative ADC values reflect meningioma grade and proliferative activity, with notable sex and subtype differences, underscoring the clinical utility of preoperative DWI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}