Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Association Between Craniovertebral Angle and Neck Muscle Size Using Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fatemeh Binaei,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Kahlaee,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Mohseni Bandpei,&nbsp;Nahid Rahmani,&nbsp;Cyrus Taghizadeh Delkhoush,&nbsp;Mohammad Saatchi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70848","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using ultrasonography to systematically review all published studies that investigated the association between craniovertebral angle (CVA) and neck muscle size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to October 2024. The keywords used were: “Forward head posture,” “Cranial vertebral angle,” “size,” “thickness,” “weakness,” “enlargement,” “hypertrophy,” “ultrasonography*,” “Diagnostic ultrasound,” “ultrasonic imaging,” “imaging,” “medical sonography,” and “ultrasonic diagnostic”.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 329 articles retrieved from the databases, 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studies investigated the size of neck flexor muscles, four articles investigated the size of neck extensor muscles, and two articles focused on the size of both neck flexor and extensor muscles. Six studies compared participants with and without forward head posture (FHP). Two studies were conducted among asymptomatic subjects, while the other two studies were conducted among participants with and without neck pain. Consistent evidence supported that a significant correlation between the CVA and the thickness of deep neck flexor muscles (<i>n</i> = 1), a significant correlation between FHP and the thickness of the splenius capitis muscle (<i>n</i> = 1), an increase in sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle thickness (<i>n</i> = 2) and a decrease in semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscle thickness (<i>n</i> = 1) in subjects with FHP compared to those without, and a decrease in semispinalis capitis muscle thickness in individuals with FHP accompanied by neck pain compared to those with FHP without neck pain (n = 1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reviewed studies demonstrated that changes in the CVA are associated with alterations in neck muscle size, particularly affecting the SCM and SSC muscles. Additional research is necessary to investigate the functional implications of alterations in muscle characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Malnutrition on Perioperative Ischemic Stroke in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Retrospective Cohort Study of the National Inpatient Sample","authors":"Haowei Li,&nbsp;Guangzhi Cong,&nbsp;Xueping Ma,&nbsp;Bo Shi,&nbsp;Congyan Ye,&nbsp;Rui Yan,&nbsp;Shizhe Fu,&nbsp;Kairu Wang,&nbsp;Shaobin Jia,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70860","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ischemic stroke is a serious risk for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The relationship between malnutrition and post-TAVR ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study investigates this association using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational study was conducted using NIS data from 2012 to 2021. We included patients who underwent TAVR and were diagnosed with malnutrition based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Patients under 18 years, with a history of preoperative stroke, with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, or with incomplete data were excluded. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between malnutrition and ischemic stroke, adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses included stratified analysis and propensity score matching.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 364,580 TAVR patients, 10,415 (2.86%) were diagnosed with malnutrition. Malnourished patients were older (78.04 vs. 77.40), predominantly white (85.69%), and had a higher incidence of ischemic stroke (11.47% vs. 7.25%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for common ischemic stroke risk factors, malnutrition was significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (aOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.31–1.74). This association remained significant in the propensity-matched cohort. Subgroup analyses consistently showed associations between malnutrition and stroke risk across various demographic and clinical factors. Time trend analysis showed no significant difference in the annual incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke between malnourished patients with or without cerebral embolic protection devices (<i>p</i> = 0.439).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malnutrition is associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke following TAVR, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Study of Factors That Influence Older Adults' Work on the Arduous Path to Spine Surgery","authors":"Andrea L. Strayer,&nbsp;Samantha Bjornson,&nbsp;Nicole E. Werner,&nbsp;Anna Krupp","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70850","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older adults worldwide are increasingly diagnosed with degenerative spine disease (DSD). Although older adults are frequently interacting with the healthcare system, clinicians are likely not aware of the many health-related activities, or patient work that older adults engage in to achieve their health goals. An understanding of patient work is needed to guide patient-oriented healthcare improvements for older people having surgery for DSD to achieve their desired health outcome. Our aim was to define factors in the patient work system that influence the patient work of older adults in the preoperative phase of spine surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analysis of data (28 interviews) from older adults who underwent spine surgery, using deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis to describe patient work system factors. Components from the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 human factors ergonomics framework (person, organization, task, internal and external environments, tools/technology) guided 2-member independent coding, codebook evolution, and team analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 16 patient work system factors that influenced older adults' patient work during the preoperative time before spine surgery. The primary work system influencers included: severely limited physical function; inability to socialize; multiple providers and appointments; self-management knowledge; emotions and mental state; active decision making; explaining treatment options; inability to complete household chores and self-care; physical and emotional care and monitoring (by family); family coordinating care; household duties relinquished; complex scheduling of healthcare; home layout; insurance requirements; waiting for care; and devices to manage symptoms (medications; mobility hardware).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factors that influence patient work are often a result of debilitating symptoms causing loss of independence, isolation, and confusion of how to meet their health goals. The influencing factors warrant research and process improvement initiatives. Thus, lessening the patient work burden and improving health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2023 Dengue Outbreak in Bangladesh: An Epidemiological Update","authors":"Mohabbat Hossain,&nbsp;Md Shafiqul Islam Rakib,&nbsp;Md Mahedi Hasan,&nbsp;Shams Nur Powshi,&nbsp;Enayetul Islam,&nbsp;Nazneen Naher Islam","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70852","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness, has emerged as a serious hazard to public health, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to depict an overall scenario of the prevalence of dengue cases and the mortality rate of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh in 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, day-to-day data regarding dengue cases and mortality were collected and compiled from two national databases: the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh, and the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. Statistical analysis was performed on Microsoft Excel 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023, a record number of 321,179 dengue-infected cases and 1705 deaths (0.53% of total cases) were reported since the very first dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Males were more infected (<i>n</i> = 192,610, 59.97%), although females had a higher mortality rate (<i>n</i> = 970, 56.89%) compared to males (<i>n</i> = 735, 43.11%). The highest rates of infection (<i>n</i> = 145,571, 45.32%) and death (<i>n</i> = 593, 34.78%) were seen among those under the age group of &gt; 20–40 years. With 79,598 cases (24% of total cases) and 396 deaths (23.23% of all deaths), the month of September recorded the highest peak of the dengue outbreak. Furthermore, Dhaka recorded half of all infected cases (<i>n</i> = 169,321, 52.72%) and the majority (<i>n</i> = 1163, 68.21%) of dengue deaths, according to the division-wise distribution of cases and deaths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of the study will be helpful in understanding the dengue situation in Bangladesh and will contribute to further investigations on dengue outbreaks targeting the progression and importance of identifying the circulating DENV serotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Shacklock's Neural Mobilization for Acute and Sub-Acute Lumbar Disc Prolapsed: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Zahid Bin Sultan Nahid,&nbsp;Faruq Ahmed,&nbsp;Md Faruqul Islam,&nbsp;Zakia Rahman,&nbsp;Md Furatul Haque,&nbsp;Asma Arju,&nbsp;Md Rafiqul Islam,&nbsp;Golam Moula,&nbsp;Bibekanonda Sarker","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70872","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lumbar disc prolapse (LDP) is a more severe health issue worldwide. Shacklock's neural mobilization is a useful technique for treating prolapsed discs. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Shacklock's neural mobilization for acute and subacute LDP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 42 individuals with LDP were allocated randomly by computer-generated numbers to an experimental and a control group. The experimental group got neural mobilization along with usual physiotherapy treatment. The control group got just usual physiotherapy. Postural education was given for both groups in sitting and standing positions. The total number of therapy sessions was eight, with a frequency of four sessions per week for a duration of 2 weeks. The Dallas pain questionnaire (DPQ) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire were measured on the initial day and after eight sessions of treatment. The data was analyzed through paired <i>t</i>-test, unrelated <i>t</i>-test, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant improvement of pain in different positions and disability was demonstrated in the within-group analysis by paired <i>t</i>-test, whereas no significant improvement was found in the between-group analysis by independent sample <i>t</i>-test. The significant change was found on the DPQ score except for two variables. There was no statistically significant association between disability status and gender (<i>p</i> = 0.69) and between disability status and BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.41). A significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.000) was found in both scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shacklock's neural mobilization, along with standard physiotherapy techniques, had a significant impact on pain and disability for people with acute and subacute LDP.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Zahid Bin Sultan Nahid: CTRI/2023/04/051283</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Intimate Partner Violence Through a Multifaceted Approach","authors":"Dalmacito A. Cordero Jr.","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70873","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I read with interest a recent article published in this journal regarding domestic violence during pregnancy. The authors aimed to compare the maternal–fetal attachment and fertility motivation in pregnant women with and without experience of violence. Their findings revealed that domestic violence during pregnancy affects the bond between mother and fetus, as well as fertility choices. Thus, they concluded that reducing domestic violence can enhance maternal–fetal attachment and improve fertility rates [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. I firmly support this claim regarding the detrimental effects of violence not only to pregnant women, but to all women in general, especially the ones done at homes or the domestic ones, and the so-called intimate partner violence (IPV). With this, I aim to shed light on the issue of IPV by presenting some global data and enumerating strategies to address the serious issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;IPV refers to any behavior by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual, or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and controlling behaviors [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. In Northeast India, different forms of IPV were experienced by 8766 married women which had adversely impacted various problematic reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes—6.9% had experienced non-live births, 4.2% miscarriages, 2.4% abortions, 0.3% stillbirths, 16.9% terminated pregnancies, and 2.1% sexually transmitted infections (STI) [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. The alarming issue is not isolated in India but is being experienced worldwide. There is an estimated 736 million women—almost one in three—have been subjected to physical and sexual intimate partner violence, non-partner sexual violence, or both at least once in their lives (30% of women aged 15 and older) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. IPV victims can contribute to the onset of psychopathological conditions or can exacerbate mental health conditions, but on the other hand, existing mental health problems can increase vulnerability and predisposition to partner violence [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several studies suggest a single or combined strategy to address IPV, but I suggest a multifaceted approach. Healthcare providers play a vital role through screening, offering ongoing support, and reviewing available prevention and referral options. Remote or in-person screening of all patients at various times is needed because some women do not disclose abuse the first time they are asked. It should be done at periodic intervals, including during obstetric care. For ongoing support and referral options, clinicians must assist the patient in developing a safety plan for the patient, considering especially the risk factors (having experienced previous acts of violence, estrangement from a partner, threats to life, threats with a weapon, previous nonfatal strangulation, and partner access to a gun. Patients should be offered information that includes community resources (mental health services, c","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis Assessing Paravalvular Leak and Pacemaker Implantation Using TEE and Non-Contrast CT for CKD Patients Compared With CT Angiography for Annular Sizing Pre-TAVR","authors":"Michael O'Shaughnessy,&nbsp;Roxana Tabrizi,&nbsp;Derek Pham,&nbsp;Nicholas Jackson,&nbsp;Olcay Aksoy,&nbsp;Andre Akhondi,&nbsp;Jeanne Huchting,&nbsp;Richard Shemin,&nbsp;Murray Kwon,&nbsp;Peyman Benharash,&nbsp;Brandon Kim,&nbsp;Amir Rabbani","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70847","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the treatment of choice for many patients with severe aortic stenosis. Proper pre-procedure sizing of the aortic annulus is crucial in preventing post-TAVR complications. This is typically performed with CT angiography, but the use of contrast is controversial in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study of 557 patients from 2016 to 2021 sought to evaluate a contrast-sparing protocol for balloon expandable TAVR evaluation in patients with CKD, in which patients with glomerular filtration rate of less than 40 would undergo transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and CT without contrast (83 patients) for aortic annular sizing instead of CT angiography (445 patients).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that there was no significant difference in rates of greater than trace or greater than mild paravalvular leak between the two groups at hospital discharge, 30 days, or 1-year post-TAVR. We also found no difference in rates of permanent pacemaker implantation at these same time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This suggests that TEE and non-contrast CT could be a viable alternative to CTA in patients with CKD, although more research into other variables such as mortality and other post-procedural complications is necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can “Attenuation Subtraction”, a Computed Tomography Scan-Based Factor, be Used as a Predictor of High-Risk Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients? A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Mohammad Mersad Mansouri Tehrani,&nbsp;Nasser Bahari,&nbsp;Kian Goudarzi,&nbsp;Faeze Salahshour,&nbsp;Babak Shekarchi,&nbsp;Mohammad Masih Mansouri-Tehrani,&nbsp;Majid Nouri","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70840","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver cirrhosis is a severe condition that can result in complications such as portal hypertension and esophageal varices (EVs). While current guidelines recommend screening for EVs, existing procedures are often invasive, costly, and occasionally unreliable. This study aims to develop a CT-based predictor for identifying high-risk esophageal varices group (HRG) in cirrhotic patients, offering a noninvasive, safe, and cost-effective alternative that integrates seamlessly into routine follow-up without requiring additional resources or time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study retrospectively analyzed data from 2016 to 2021 of cirrhotic patients referred to a hospital in Tehran. Experienced professionals analyzed factors related to CT scans, and patients were categorized into high-risk and non-high-risk varicose veins groups by endoscopy. The main sample size for the study was 62 patients with an average age of 50.2 ± 11.5 years. Also, we aimed to determine a diagnostic cutoff and externally validated it in a separate statistical population (29 patients).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that liver attenuation subtraction, Child-Pugh score, and direct visualization of esophageal varices in CT scans were significant factors in predicting high-risk esophageal varices. The study showed that a liver attenuation subtraction of 14.5 HU (CI 95%: 0.949–1) with an inverse relationship could predict high-risk esophageal varices with high accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study indicated that liver “Attenuation Subtraction” in CT scans distinguishes high-risk and non-high-risk esophageal varices. Furthermore, external validation demonstrated that this cutoff value is generalizable to other statistical populations. We pinpoint an indicator of high-risk esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis devoid of invasiveness and peril and do not impose supplementary expenses or time beyond the customary monitoring of cirrhotic patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Serum Uric Acid Levels and the 10-Year Prospective Risk of Dyslipidemia: A Cohort Study From Healthy Heart Project (YHHP)","authors":"Hamidreza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Seyed Reza Mirjalili,&nbsp;Pedro Manuel Marques-Vidal,&nbsp;Marzieh Azimizadeh,&nbsp;Seyede Mahdiah Nemayandah,&nbsp;Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi,&nbsp;Sedighe Sadeghi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is increasingly prevalent globally, particularly in developing countries undergoing lifestyle transitions. Serum uric acid (SUA) has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the association between high SUA and the 10-year prospective risk of dyslipidemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort study uses data from the Yazd Healthy Heart Project (YHHP). Participants were followed for 10 years, during which the association between dyslipidemia incidence and SUA levels was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 693 participants analyzed, higher SUA quartiles were associated with older age, male gender, and adverse anthropometric and metabolic profiles. Elevated SUA levels correlated positively with triglycerides (<i>r</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), total (<i>r</i> = 0.13, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>r</i> = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.001) levels, but not with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>r</i> = 0.07, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). After adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, and metabolic parameters, the incidence of dyslipidemia increased across SUA quartiles in males, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.33 (95% CI: 0.90–1.97), 1.66 (95% CI: 1.10–2.54), and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.17–2.72) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of SUA, respectively (<i>p</i> for trend 0.001), but not in females: 1.11 (95% CI: 0.59–2.06), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.55–1.64), and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.60–2.16), respectively, <i>p</i> for trend 0.86.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated SUA levels independently associated with the development of dyslipidemia over a decade in an Iranian population. The findings underscore the potential utility of SUA as a biomarker for assessing dyslipidemia risk, particularly in men. Further research should explore mechanistic pathways linking SUA to dyslipidemia and evaluate interventions targeting SUA reduction to mitigate dyslipidemia risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racecadotril Versus Loperamide for Acute Diarrhea of Infectious Origin in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Maryam Aziz,&nbsp;Laiba Urooj Malik,&nbsp;Erum Javed,&nbsp;Syeda Zuha Sami,&nbsp;Muhammad Maaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Arham Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Farmaan,&nbsp;Omer Farooq,&nbsp;Umer Iqbal,&nbsp;Aashish Kumar,&nbsp;Syed Ali Arsal,&nbsp;Shafin Bin Amin,&nbsp;Inibehe Ime Okon","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70849","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loperamide and racecadotril are two antidiarrheal medications with different mechanisms of action that are highly important for the treatment of diarrhea as a result of infectious pathology. Acute infectious diarrhea has a profound impact on our surroundings because of its detrimental effects on individual health. Medication such as racecadotril, among various other drug classes, plays a pivotal role in treating these diseases via the management of symptoms through its antisecretory, proabsorptive effects on the intestinal tract. The main objective of this analysis was to evaluate and contrast the usefulness and safety profiles of these drugs by combining information from randomized controlled trials and highlighting important side effects reported, such as constipation and stomach discomfort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 117 records were found after a thorough literature search was carried out across several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Collaboration technique was utilized to evaluate the potential for bias. RevMan 5.2 data analysis was performed via a random effects model. The results are displayed as the mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data. Statistical significance was established at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with loperamide, racecadotril significantly improved the clinical response (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Additionally, the analysis of secondary outcomes revealed varying effects on abdominal pain, constipation, and abdominal enlargement, with moderate heterogeneity observed (<i>I</i>² = 56%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with loperamide, racecadotril is a better therapeutic option for adult diarrhea caused by infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}