Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Design of Conceptual Model of Psycho-Social Burden in Infertile Couples Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatments: A Study Protocol for a Mixed Method Study","authors":"Shekofeh Maleki,&nbsp;Ashraf Kazemi,&nbsp;Hamid Nasiri-Dehsorkhi,&nbsp;Nafisehsadat Nekuei","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70854","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The multifaceted consequences of infertility impose a significant psycho-social burden on the couples involved and necessitate design a valid conceptual model to identify them. Therefore, this study aimed to design of conceptual model of psycho-social burden in infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study will be conducted in four phases using a mixed method and the sequential exploratory approach. In the first phase, a qualitative study will be carried out through the content analysis approach with the aim of identifying the components of psycho-social burden in infertile couples who are candidates for assisted reproduction treatment (ART). In the second phase the initial version of the infertility psycho-social burden questionnaire will be compiled. Face and content validity will be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. In the third phase, a cross-sectional study will be conducted on 150 infertile couples who are candidates for ART in Isfahan, Iran. The construct validity of the prepared questionnaire will be evaluated using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. After psychometrics evaluation of the infertility psycho-social burden questionnaire, sampling will continue on 150 couples. Participants' mental health will be evaluated using the 28-item general health questionnaire, and its correlation with the extracted psycho-social burden components will be evaluated. Based on the results of the third step, in the fourth phase, a conceptual model of psycho-social burden will be designed and confirmatory factor analysis of the conceptual model will be performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extracted conceptual models will assist psychological counselors, social workers, and psychoanalysts in gaining an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting the mental health of infertile couples. Moreover, the psychosocial burden of the infertility scale can be presented as a screening tool for couples at risk of psychological issues related to infertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Biomarkers for Early Detection and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Diseases—A Literature Review","authors":"Abubakar Nazir,&nbsp;Awais Nazir,&nbsp;Usama Afzaal,&nbsp;Shafaq Aman,&nbsp;Safi ur Rehman Sadiq,&nbsp;Ozoemena Z. Akah,&nbsp;Muhammad Shah Wali Jamal,&nbsp;Syed Zawahir Hassan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70878","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CVDs is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. Identifying individuals at risk or in the incipient stages of disease is instrumental in enabling timely interventions, preventive measures, and tailored treatment regimens. The landscape of CVDs is complicated by their heterogeneity, encompassing a spectrum of conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and valvular disorders. In recent years, the integration of biomarkers into cardiovascular medicine has emerged as a paradigm-shifting approach with the potential to revolutionize early detection and risk stratification. By synthesizing a multitude of studies, we aim to provide a comprehensive resource that illuminates the transformative potential of biomarkers in ushering in a new era of precision cardiovascular medicine.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To identify the biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of CVDs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This review examines key studies from 2015 to the present that investigate the impact of cardiac biomarkers on cardiovascular outcomes. Data were gathered from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The review focuses on various cardiac biomarkers, assessing their levels and changes in relation to cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on advanced biomarkers such as proteomic and metabolomic markers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis. Peer-reviewed studies published in English that evaluated the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic role of cardiac biomarkers were included, with priority given to clinical trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses providing quantitative biomarker data. Studies unrelated to cardiac biomarkers, case reports, editorials, conference abstracts, and those with small sample sizes or insufficient methodological rigor were excluded. The review also accounts for potential confounding factors and research limitations, ensuring a balanced assessment of the literature. By synthesizing data from academic papers, clinical reports, and research articles, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the evolving role of cardiac biomarkers in CVD diagnosis and risk stratification.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Biomarkers play a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease risk prediction, diagnosis, and treatment by providing dynamic biological insights. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTn) enhance myocard","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review","authors":"Ali Mortezaei,&nbsp;Negin Safari,&nbsp;Hediye Gholamshahi,&nbsp;Kimia Kazemzadeh,&nbsp;Abbas Tafakhori","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterans experience a high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) due to combat-related incidents such as explosive blasts, penetrating injuries, and blunt force trauma. These military TBIs are often more complex than civilian TBIs, leading to increased long-term neurological consequences. Over 414,000 service members have been diagnosed with TBI since 2000, highlighting the need to understand the implications of these injuries and the neurosurgical challenges in their treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This narrative review examines the literature on TBIs in veterans, focusing on the characteristics, health impacts, and neurosurgical challenges associated with these injuries. The review synthesizes relevant articles to provide an overview of the topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterans with TBIs commonly experience cognitive deficits, including impairments in memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and visual disturbances. Research explores the relationship between TBI and neurodegenerative diseases, with some studies indicating a correlation between TBI severity and an increased risk of all-cause and vascular dementia. Managing TBIs in veterans presents neurosurgical challenges such as timely diagnosis and intervention, tailored treatment approaches due to injury variability (blast vs. blunt trauma), and co-occurring conditions like PTSD and depression. Initial medical measures include osmotherapy, sedation, hyperventilation, oxygenation, control of temperature and infection. In specific scenarios, an external ventricular drain (EVD) may be necessary to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Addressing TBIs in veterans necessitates a multidisciplinary approach with timely neurosurgical interventions, comprehensive rehabilitation, and mental health support. Future research should develop targeted treatments and explore novel technologies to improve recovery outcomes. Clinicians should prioritize early screening for TBI and co-occurring conditions, while policymakers should improve access to specialized TBI care, ultimately enhancing veterans' long-term quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Evaluation of Serum WS Biotin, a Novel Encapsulated Form of D-Biotin With Improved Water Solubility, for Anti-Hair Shedding Applications. A Prospective Single-Arm, Nonrandomized, Pretest−Posttest Study","authors":"David González Fernández,&nbsp;Shaher Duchi,&nbsp;Lucía Fernández Gómez,&nbsp;Teresa León Sala,&nbsp;Akram Hajuj,&nbsp;Danit Molho,&nbsp;Nadeen Abo Saada,&nbsp;Daniel Molina Martínez,&nbsp;Alejandro Pérez-Fernández,&nbsp;Danny Goldstein","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70862","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hair shedding is an aesthetic concern increasingly being addressed by the cosmetic industry. Biotin has long been used as an oral supplement to promote hair growth and strength, without solid evidence supporting this practice. Recently, we have shown that encapsulated biotin has promising bioactivity in hair growth-related parameters in vitro. For this reason, this study aimed at evaluating the association between the application of Serum WS Biotin, a novel water-soluble form of D-Biotin, and hair shedding and strength, after topical application for 3 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort of 22 volunteers with moderate to excessive hair shedding was subjected to daily application of Serum WS Biotin for 3 months. Baseline and follow-up (Days 30, 60, and 90 after the application started) Modified Pull Test (MPT), Modified Hair Wash Test (MHWT), and phototrichogrametry measurements were conducted on the study cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hairs pulled through MPT were reduced by 43.0% at D30, 56.0% at D60, and 76.1% at D90. Regarding MHWT, the number of vellus hairs (&lt; 3 cm) was significantly reduced by 90.6% at D30, 67.0% at D60, and 74.8% at D90. Concomitantly, pulled hairs &gt; 3 cm significantly diminished by 69.4% at D60 and 60.0% at D90. Contrarily, a significant increase of 227.5% was recorded at D30. Last, the hair thickness median rose significantly by 7.5% at D30, 10.6% at D60, and 7.6% at D90. Consistently, hair thickness mean was nonsignificantly increased by 4.6% at D30, 18.0% at D60, and 17.8% at D90. Interestingly, results also provided a nonstatistically significant improvement in hair mass by 3.2% at D30 and 10.4% at D90.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 3-month application of Serum WS Biotin displays anti-hair shedding and strengthening capabilities, showing good cutaneous acceptability and compatibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portal Vein Obstruction in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: An Evaluation of Self-Reported Management Practices","authors":"Lydia Sieben,&nbsp;Bader A. Alfares,&nbsp;Ruben H. de Kleine,&nbsp;Barbara E. Wildhaber,&nbsp;Thomas Casswall,&nbsp;Greg Nowak,&nbsp;Martin Delle,&nbsp;Denise Aldrian,&nbsp;Valeria Berchtold,&nbsp;Georg F. Vogel,&nbsp;Piotr Kaliciński,&nbsp;Malgorzata Markiewicz-Kijewska,&nbsp;Adam Kolesnik,&nbsp;Jesús Quintero,&nbsp;María Mercadal Hally,&nbsp;Mauricio Larrarte King,&nbsp;Paolo Marra,&nbsp;Michela Bravi,&nbsp;Domenico Pinelli,&nbsp;Mureo Kasahara,&nbsp;Seisuke Sakamoto,&nbsp;Hajime Uchida,&nbsp;Vidyadhar Mali,&nbsp;Marion Aw,&nbsp;Stéphanie Franchi-Abella,&nbsp;Emmanuel Gonzales,&nbsp;Florent Guérin,&nbsp;Guillermo Cervio,&nbsp;Julia Minetto,&nbsp;Sergio Sierre,&nbsp;Martín de Santibañes,&nbsp;Victoria Ardiles,&nbsp;Jimmy Walker Uño,&nbsp;Helen Evans,&nbsp;David Duncan,&nbsp;John McCall,&nbsp;Steffen Hartleif,&nbsp;Ekkehard Sturm,&nbsp;Jai V. Patel,&nbsp;Marumbo Mtegha,&nbsp;Raj Prasad,&nbsp;Cristina T. Ferreira,&nbsp;Luiza S. Nader,&nbsp;Marco Farina,&nbsp;Catalina Jaramillo,&nbsp;Manuel I. Rodriguez-Davalos,&nbsp;Peter Feola,&nbsp;Amit A. Shah,&nbsp;Phoebe M. Wood,&nbsp;Michael R. Acord,&nbsp;Ryan T. Fischer,&nbsp;Bhargava Mullapudi,&nbsp;Richard J. Hendrickson,&nbsp;Rajeev Khanna,&nbsp;Viniyendra Pamecha,&nbsp;Amar Mukund,&nbsp;Khalid Sharif,&nbsp;Girish Gupte,&nbsp;Simon McGuirk,&nbsp;Gilda Porta,&nbsp;Winita Hardikar,&nbsp;Marco Spada,&nbsp;Tommaso Alterio,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maggiore,&nbsp;Marisa Beretta,&nbsp;Rudi A. J. Dierckx,&nbsp;Reinoud P. H. Bokkers,&nbsp;Hubert P. J. van der Doef,&nbsp;PORTAL Registry Investigators","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70625","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Portal vein obstruction (PVO) is a known complication after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT). Effective management strategies are crucial in improving patient outcomes. This study investigated the various practice patterns related to PVO management to clarify the degree of consensus on the diverse facets of care involved in addressing PVO after pLT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A self-reported evaluation was conducted using a scanned, paper-based survey among specialized pLT centers participating in the Portal vein Obstruction Revascularization Therapy After Liver transplantation (PORTAL) registry. The survey consisted of 30 questions covering the current practices regarding PVO, including experience, team composition, follow-up and screening protocol, assessment criteria, postprocedural care, and radiologic follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey was returned by 25 centers (100%) from different regions worldwide. All centers used Doppler ultrasound (DUS) for PVO screening in the outpatient department. Noninvasive diagnostic criteria used during DUS assessment included anastomotic velocity (50%) and anastomotic-to-pre-anastomotic velocity ratio (54%). Digital subtraction angiography was used by 79% of respondents to diagnose portal vein anastomosis stenosis, which led to diagnostic cutoff values including a narrowing of the visual aspect of the anastomosis of ≥ 50% (80%) and a pressure gradient ≥ 5 mmHg (50%). PTA was identified as a standard treatment for PVO. A remarkable heterogeneity was observed in postinterventional anticoagulation and surveillance protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The care for PVO after pLT lacks standardization, resulting in substantial variation across healthcare centers. There is a need to establish a clear consensus on PVO management after pLT to guarantee optimal care.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> NL9261.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Satisfaction With the Pharmacy Services at the 108 Military Central Hospital: Determinants and Implications","authors":"Do Xuan Thang,&nbsp;Hoang Anh Tuan,&nbsp;Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen,&nbsp;Diep Tran Phuong,&nbsp;Le Thu Thuy,&nbsp;Trung Nguyen Duc","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70868","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patient satisfaction is a critical metric for assessing the quality of pharmaceutical services in healthcare systems. This study aims to build a questionnaire with various items to comprehensively evaluate patient satisfaction with pharmacy services at the 108 Military Central Hospital and to identify key influential factors in their perception.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2023 to October 2023. The face and content validity were assessed by experts. The questionnaire's internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) were explored. Multivariate linear regression was used to seek determinants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 457 patients were included for synthesis. The final version of the questionnaire, which had 22 items grouped into four factors (attitude and professional capacity of pharmacy staff, accessibility and transparency, services performed, and infrastructure), showed high consistency and validity. General satisfaction was average (4.09 (SD = 0.628) out of a maximum score of five), with the factor having the lowest score of pharmacist consultants and drug prices despite being the leading national hospital. However, the two factors having the most substantial influence coefficient on satisfaction were the infrastructure (0.433), pharmacy attitude, and professional capacity (0.386).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings based on the comprehensive questionnaire with 22 items grouped into four factors showed that there were available determinants that needed improvement. Enhancing the quality of the strongest impact aspects of patient satisfaction should be done comprehensively and synchronously. In the case of limited resources, prioritizing actions in phases of time could make them more actionable and beneficial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Documentation of Causes of Death Certificates Based on the International Classification of Diseases Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM): The Impact of a Mixed Method Approach","authors":"Masoumeh Jafari,&nbsp;Marziyhe Meraji,&nbsp;Hadi Tehrani,&nbsp;Masoumeh Mirteimouri,&nbsp;Mohammad Heidarzadeh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70845","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To reduce the number of preventable perinatal deaths, the first step is to identify their causes, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the International Classification of Diseases Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) system for this purpose. The objective of the study was to investigate improving the documentation of causes of death certificates using the ICD-PM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study is a mixed-method study that encompasses a multifaceted intervention in Iran, conducted in four distinct stages: (a) data collection pertaining to the causes of perinatal deaths pre-intervention, (b) delivery of ICD-PM education to physicians through both face-to-face and virtual sessions, (c) data collection pertaining to the causes of perinatal deaths post- intervention, and (d) comparison of the documentation of perinatal mortality causes pre and post-intervention. The data analysis is executed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparing the results of pre and post-intervention reveals a significant increase in the percentage of correctly identifying the cause of perinatal mortality, from 19.5% to 39% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was a substantial increase in the percentage of maternal conditions identified, from 13% to 60.9% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.045). Additionally, the percentage of perinatal mortality cases with unknown causes decreased considerably, from 72% to 21.9% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that training on ICD-PM for physicians improves their ability to identify the causes of perinatal mortality and maternal conditions. This approach can reduce cases with unknown causes and improve the accuracy of documenting and classifying perinatal mortality causes. These findings can inform interventions to prevent avoidable perinatal deaths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Health Risk Evaluation and Potential to Cause Disease X as a Global Pandemic: A Call for Global Preparedness","authors":"Safowan Bin Islam,&nbsp;Taposhi Nahid Sultana,&nbsp;Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan,&nbsp;Md. Sohan,&nbsp;Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging infectious diseases pose a constant threat to global health and the economy. Among them, the concept of “disease X” has emerged owing to the uncertainty about the identity of the pathogen that may cause the next pandemic. Disease X has gained significant attention due to its potential to cause a public health emergency in the future. This study aimed to investigate disease X, identify the key risk factors leading to its emergence and spread, and propose strategies to prevent future global pandemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a comprehensive literature review and identified relevant information for this study. Pandemic, public health emergency, and infectious disease were used as keywords for the literature search.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study indicates that disease X could be a life-threatening or global pandemic. Among the various risk factors, climate change, increased animal-human contact, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance are some risk factors that may lead to a pandemic because they help in the transmission of zoonotic infections. Here, we have discussed some potential pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that are capable of causing disease X. Finally, we have indicated some necessary measures required for the prevention and management of any future global pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disease X has already posed a substantial threat to the global health system, warranting urgent attention and action. Comprehensive preparedness measures, including robust surveillance systems, early detection, and vaccine development, are essential for mitigating the risk posed by disease X. Collaboration among healthcare organizations, research communities, and government bodies is essential for resilience against future pandemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Child's Dental Fear and Anxiety Symptoms and Evaluating Factors Associated With Dental Fear","authors":"Pegah Farzanegan,&nbsp;Maryam Ghasempour,&nbsp;Armon Massoodi,&nbsp;Hoda Shirafkan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70879","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the correlation between dental fear and anxiety problems and evaluate factors associated with dental fear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we utilized the standard Persian version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire and the Persian version of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) questionnaire to explore children's dental fear and anxiety problems, respectively. Questionnaires were completed by 290 children aged 8–12 years who visited Pediatrics Department of Babol Dental Clinic and private pediatric offices. Demographic characteristics were also recorded. The data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, independent <i>t</i>-test (<i>α</i> = 0.05), Pearson correlation, and logistic regression test using SPSS version 26.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 151 boys and 139 girls were included. Based on the CFSS-DS questionnaire, 8.6% of children had dental fear (Scores &gt; 38). Dental fear correlated with all aspects of anxiety symptoms (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There were significant correlations between children's age (<i>p</i> = 0.019) and location of dental treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with their dental fear scores. Having a housewife mother is a protective factor in child's dental fear (OR = 0.380, CI = 0.989–0.047, and <i>p</i> = 0.047).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of the present study suggest that dental fear and anxiety problems correlate with each other, and factors such as child's age, the location of dental treatment, and having a housewife mother serve as prominent factors contributing to dental fear of children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Myopia Among Undergraduate Students Using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Isteaq Kabir Sifat,&nbsp;Tajin Ahmed Jisa,&nbsp;Jyoti Shree Roy,&nbsp;Nourin Sultana,&nbsp;Farhana Hasan,&nbsp;Md Parvez Mosharaf,&nbsp;Md. Kaderi Kibria","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70874","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myopia is a prevalent refractive error, particularly among young adults, and is becoming a growing global concern. This study aims to predict myopia among undergraduate students using ensemble machine learning techniques and to identify key risk factors associated with its development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dinajpur city, collecting 514 samples through a self-structured questionnaire covering demographic information, myopia prevalence and risk factors, knowledge and attitudes, and daily activities. Four feature selection techniques Boruta-based feature selection (BFS), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression, Forward and Backward Selection and Random Forest (RF) identified 12 key predictive features. Using these features, ensemble methods, including logistic regression artificial neural network, RF, Support Vector Machine, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine were employed for prediction. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stacking ensemble model achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 95.42%, recall of 93.42%, precision of 98.85%, F1-score of 96.08%, and AUC of 0.979. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified key risk factors, including visual impairment, family history of myopia, excessive screen time, and insufficient outdoor activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ensemble machine learning in predicting myopia and highlight the potential for early intervention strategies. By identifying high-risk individuals, targeted awareness programs and lifestyle modifications can help mitigate myopia progression among undergraduate students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}