Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (Lynch Syndrome): An Emerging Public Health Concern","authors":"Md Mohiuddin","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes that confer increased lifetime risks for colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. Lynch syndrome accounts for only 3%–5% of colorectal cancer cases; however, most patients with Lynch syndrome are not diagnosed, leading to missed opportunities for enhanced surveillance and preventive interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the molecular genetics, epidemiology, and shortcomings of conventional, selective screening strategies for Lynch syndrome. Universal tumor testing using MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) or microsatellite instability (MSI) analyses is recommended for all newly diagnosed colorectal and endometrial cancers, with reflex BRAF/methylation testing applied to distinguish likely sporadic cases. We also need to consider essential components of coordinated Lynch syndrome management, including cascade screening of family members, electronic health record (EHR) integration, multidisciplinary care teams, and public education. Selective screening for Lynch syndrome, based on the age or family history, misses many cases, whereas universal tumor testing is more cost-effective for identifying more patients. In addition to genetic counseling, surveillance colonoscopy, prophylactic surgical measures, and psychosocial support, we must provide equitable access to these services for all potentially affected patients. Advances in technology, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays and polygenic risk scores, represent new methods for cancer screening and risk stratification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, a coordinated, equity-centric public health model for Lynch syndrome should incorporate universal tumor testing, cascade screening, integration of clinical workflows, and community outreach. This framework could potentially turn the “underrecognized” aspect of Lynch syndrome into a “largely preventable” cancer syndrome. The proposed model could also represent a way to develop a broader strategy for other hereditary cancer syndromes, as future research focuses on scalable implementation, real-world cost-effectiveness, and genomic population screening.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Manifestations of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review and Clinical Atlas of Unusual Clinical and Specific Anatomical Presentations","authors":"Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini,&nbsp;Seyed Naser Emadi,&nbsp;Zabihollah Shahmoradi,&nbsp;Mahsa Pourmahdi-Boroujeni,&nbsp;Ali Saffaei,&nbsp;Fereshte Rastegarnasab","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) represents the most common form of leishmaniasis. It imposes a significant medical burden due to long-lasting ulcers and disfiguring scars, underscoring the need for comprehensive CL control strategies, particularly in endemic regions. This study aims to classify atypical CL presentations for clinical practitioners. Additionally, we compiled and categorized original images from our clinical encounters with CL to create a clinical atlas enhancing the existing literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search for atypical manifestations of Old World CL was conducted in June 2023 via the PubMed database, utilizing MeSH-based keywords including leishmaniasis, atypical, manifestation, and characteristics. All of the records were included. Exclusion criteria included records published before the 20th century, non-English articles, review articles, nonclinical studies (experimental and epidemiological), studies focusing on New World CL (based on the study geographical location), or focusing on Post-Kala-Azar leishmaniasis. Relevant articles were selected and assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the clinical manifestations described in the selected studies, articles were classified into the following categories: (a) subacute CL, (b) chronic CL, (c) CL associated with lymphatic involvement, (d) CL associated with an immunocompromised state, and (e) cutaneous leishmaniasis on special anatomical sites. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic facets were subsequently explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnosis of leishmaniasis can be challenging. Given the broadening spectrum of differential diagnoses for CL in clinical settings, dermatologists, pediatric dermatologists, internists, infectious disease specialists, and pediatricians must be aware of this classification of atypical CL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Epidermal Grafts in Chronic Wounds: A Retrospective Observational Study","authors":"S. Bruyeres,&nbsp;G. Dumas,&nbsp;N. Zenati,&nbsp;S. Blaise","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71252","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Chronic wounds represent a major challenge in medical management, requiring effective therapeutic approaches to promote healing. In recent years, epidermal grafts have emerged as a promising therapeutic option to improve the healing process of chronic wounds. This device only allows ultrasuperficial grafts to be performed using a suction/suction mechanism with a dermo-epidermal cleavage zone, unlike other superficial grafting techniques such as pellet or mesh grafts. There is little data in the literature regarding clinical studies because it is difficult to conduct comparative studies to evaluate the efficacy of grafts. The indications can be broad and the etiologies of the wounds varied, as we would like to illustrate. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the benefit of epidermal grafts in the treatment of chronic wounds.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 4 years, from 2019 to 2023. We used a so-called “superficial” grafting technique using an ultra superficial epidermal grafts CelluTome™ Epidermal Harvesting System (KCI, an Acelity company, San Antonio, USA). The objectives of these epidermal grafts could be twofold: either for analgesic purposes or to cover the wound to accelerate the healing process. Patient demographics, wound characteristics, treatment modalities, number of grafts and healing outcomes were collected and analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 28 patients with chronic wounds were included in the study; 23 “vascular” wounds were treated (82.2%), including 11 of venous origin (39.3%), 5 of arterial origin (17.8%) and 7 mixed ulcers (25%). No side effects have been reported. Patient follow-up averaged 22.70 (19.52) weeks. For the 15 patients whose objective was healing, 4 were healed after 1 month after the last Cellutome®.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective study demonstrates the potential value of epidermal grafting as a treatment for seams in hard-to-heal wounds. Epidermal grafts offer a number of advantages in the field of wound healing, particularly in difficult, recalcitrant and multifactorial wounds. The ease with which these grafts can be performed (broad aetiological indications, ambulatory nature, no need for a complex technical platform, no need for anesthesia) makes them accessible to a large number of patients. Despite these advantages, the results of epidermal grafts in terms of efficacy are difficult to assess. We did not find any compar","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifaceted Approach to Problematic Smartphone Use by Adolescents in the Philippines","authors":"Dalmacito A. Cordero Jr.","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71265","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I came across a recent article published in this journal regarding problematic smartphone use (PSU), a growing public health concern. The esteemed authors explored the burden of PSU, its psychological and neurobiological mediating factors, and potential prevention and intervention strategies. The findings indicated that PSU is associated with increased stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disruptions. They concluded that PSU is a significant risk factor for mental health disturbances, particularly among adolescents and young adults [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. With this, a multifaceted approach is needed to address the problem. I firmly share this call and want to flesh out the authors' claims by presenting the context of the Philippines specifically. In addition, I propose a combination of new media literacy and psychosocial approaches as interventions to address the public health problem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There were 142 million cellular mobile connections that were active in the Philippines, equivalent to 122% of the total population, in the latest 2025 Global Digital Reports series. However, note that some of these connections may only include services such as voice and SMS, and some may not include access to the internet. At the start of 2025, 97.5 million individuals were using the internet, when online penetration stood at 83.8%. The Philippines has 90.8 million social media user identities in January 2025, equating to 78% of the total population of 116 million [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Many of these users are adolescents, either browsing the internet for learning and general information or accessing various social media platforms. The prevalent use of smartphones shows how many Filipino adolescents are dependent and even “addicted” to the digital device. Smartphone′s extended usage lessens physical activity and encourages a sedentary lifestyle that can lead to various health risks, such as chronic diseases, obesity, and mental health issues. It can also lead to a psychological condition called NOMOPHOBIA or “No Mobile Phone Phobia,” in which a person fears being detached from their mobile phone connectivity [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the authors highly suggest multifaceted interventions, new media literacy (NML) is an initial intervention that adolescents and young adults must embody. NML refers to the skills and competencies required to navigate the intricacies of digital environments and various media types. It incorporates digital and media literacy components, which involve the capacity to retrieve, manipulate, and generate information within a digital environment and examine and produce media messages in many formats [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. The role of critical thinking is enhanced in this approach. With this, the attitude of being selective and appropriate screen time is observed, given the ability to use smartphones healthily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aside from NML, psychosocial approaches are another intervention that must be combined with it. Since smartphone addiction is behavi","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Mechanical Stretch Promotes TSP-1 Expression Through Akt and GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways in Keloid Formation","authors":"Xiangwen Xu,&nbsp;Yihan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanting Ou,&nbsp;Yixing Kang,&nbsp;Mengfan Wu,&nbsp;Jun Feng,&nbsp;Yun Long,&nbsp;Yongyan Cui,&nbsp;Dandan Liu,&nbsp;Lin Luo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The formation of keloids is influenced by mechanical stretch. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is identified as a tension-sensitive protein. However, the relationship between TSP-1 and keloid formation induced by mechanical stretch remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A simple customized mechanical stretch device was used for the application of homogeneous equibiaxial stretch (HES). Using Western blot and RT-PCR, the optimal stretch strength and duration were determined. Regarding the functional changes induced by stretch in keloid fibroblasts (Kfbs), cell function assays were used. The relationship between TSP-1 expression and stretch-induced scar formation in human and animal models was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The knockdown of TSP-1 in fibroblasts served as a reverse test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimal HES (oHES) could be achieved with four rotations of the screws on our mechanical stretch device, resulting in a significant increase in vimentin, Col I, and fibronectin expression in Kfbs on Day 5. Additionally, oHES significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration. oHES resulted in the upregulation of TSP-1 expression in both in vitro and in vivo experimental settings. The inhibition of TSP-1 may attenuate oHES-induced keloid formation through the Akt and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results confirmed that oHES promoted keloid formation by increasing Col I expression through TSP-1-mediated Akt and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Practice and Barriers to Using High-Flow Nasal Cannula Among ARDS Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Physicians","authors":"Mohammed M. Alyami,&nbsp;Abdulelah M. Aldhahir,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alqarni,&nbsp;Amal A. Alqahtani,&nbsp;Sara M. Homadi,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Almeshari,&nbsp;Nowaf Y. Alobaidi,&nbsp;Jaber S. Alqahtani,&nbsp;Rayan A. Siraj,&nbsp;Saeed M. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Alasimi,&nbsp;Shorooq T. Alenazi,&nbsp;Bashaer O. Banakher,&nbsp;Abdallah Y. Naser,&nbsp;Mansour S. Majrshi,&nbsp;Hassan Alwafi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly utilized in clinical practice; however, the perspectives of physicians on its use and associated barriers in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Saudi Arabia remain unexplored. This study aims to evaluate HFNC practices and identify the barriers faced by ICU and respiratory physicians in utilizing HFNC for ARDS patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was distributed between December 22, 2022, and July 15, 2023, to respiratory and ICU physicians in Saudi Arabia. Data are presented as frequencies and percentages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 987 responses were analyzed, revealing that physicians perceive HFNC as beneficial for relieving shortness of breath (686, or 69.5%), helping with speech and eating (649, or 65.8%), and potentially preventing intubation (629, or 63.7%). In terms of HFNC practice, 445 respondents (45.1%) reported that its use is governed by institutional protocols, while 679 (68.8%) indicated that the decision to initiate therapy is made by physicians. Additionally, 458 (46.4%) stated that a flow rate of ≥ 15 L/min is necessary to start HFNC therapy. When considering initial settings, nearly half (455, or 46.09%) chose a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) between 61%–80%, 442 (44.8%) chose a flow between 30 and 40 L/min, and 476 (48.23%) chose a temperature of 34°C. Reducing gas flow by 5–10 L/min every two to 4 h was the most appropriate way of weaning, according to 407 (41.24%), and both FiO₂ &lt; 35% and gas flow &lt; 20 L/min should be achieved to disconnect HFNC therapy. Lack of knowledge about HFNC therapy was the most commonly reported barrier (494, or 50.1%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physicians demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits associated with HFNC therapy. However, variations in initial settings and the absence of standardized guidelines present significant challenges to its optimal application in patients with ARDS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study in Bono East Region, Ghana","authors":"Dennis Bardoe,&nbsp;Daniel Hayford,&nbsp;Robert Bagngmen Bio,&nbsp;Denis Dekugmen Yar","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although Ghana's national HBV prevalence is 8.36%, regional disparities are often underexplored. The Bono East Region, characterized by its trade-driven labor force, population mobility, and limited maternal health access, may experience different HBV transmission patterns. In response, our study quantified HBV prevalence and identified its correlates among pregnant women in the Bono East Region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach among 1430 pregnant women. Data were collected using serological tests, closed-ended questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (bivariate at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.25, and multivariate at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals). Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted following a four-stage interpretive framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found an HBV prevalence of 1.82% (95% CI: 1.24–2.65). Several factors were independently associated with increased odds of infection. These included sharing sharp items (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.98–5.71), unprotected sex (AOR = 5.04; 95% CI: 1.98–6.81), unsafe abortion (AOR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.16–5.53), blood transfusion (AOR = 6.82; 95% CI: 2.53–8.34), body piercing (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.85–4.31), street nail trimming (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.37–5.62), being unmarried (AOR = 17.51; 95% CI: 5.47–25.98), low income (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI: 1.58–11.94), living in compound houses (AOR = 7.25; 95% CI: 1.23–12.43), secundigravidae (AOR = 5.37; 95% CI: 2.45–11.80), and blood group O (AOR = 4.36; 95% CI: 1.40–6.54).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HBV prevalence was lower than the national average of 8.36%. However, the associated determinants highlight the need for expanded vaccination coverage and improved health education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking Public Sector Food Environment Policies in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Expert Assessment Study to Address Implementation Gaps","authors":"Saeid Sadeghian-Sharif,&nbsp;Nasrin Omidvar,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohammdi-Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Mina Babashahi,&nbsp;Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,&nbsp;Zahra Abdollahi,&nbsp;Simin Haghravan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71246","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalating burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran presents a critical public health challenge, underscoring the need for evidence-based policies that foster healthier food environments. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate national-level food environment policies and supporting infrastructure in Iran using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI), benchmarked against international best practices, and to identify priority policy actions to address key implementation gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Food-EPI tool was adapted and validated for the Iranian context through expert consultation, including content and face validity assessments. A systematic review of 89 government policy documents was conducted. Thirty-nine experts from academia, government, and civil society assessed the extent of implementation of 47 Food-EPI indicators across 13 domains, using a 5-point scale relative to international benchmarks. Qualitative content analysis of expert feedback was used to extract and synthesize proposed actions to strengthen the current policy landscape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No policy indicators achieved a “high” implementation rating. The majority of indicators were rated as “low” or “moderate” level of implementation, with the highest scores observed for food composition targets, front-of-pack labeling, and nutrient declarations. Key weaknesses were identified in food promotion, retail regulation, food trade, governance, and transparency. Infrastructure support performed better than policy implementation, particularly in areas such as obesity and NCD monitoring. Experts proposed 48 priority actions emphasizing strengthened regulatory enforcement, enhanced monitoring and intelligence systems, improved intersectoral coordination, sustainable funding mechanisms, and increased public awareness to create a healthier food environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This first Food-EPI assessment in Iran reveals substantial opportunities to improve both policy content and implementation to support healthier food environments. The results offer a strategic roadmap for Iranian policymakers to strengthen nutrition governance and reduce diet-related health inequities. Aligning national efforts with global best practices can accelerate progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals and improved population health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Symptom Networks in Rheumatoid Diseases","authors":"Elizabet Ukolova,&nbsp;Marie Hanková,&nbsp;Michala Lustigová","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with Rheumatoid diseases (AR) are at higher risk for depressive symptoms. This study aims to identify key depressive symptoms that lead to the accumulation of additional symptoms over time, using Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data from year during the follow up period 2015–2019/2020 (sample size 32,082 individuals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied network analysis, where nodes represent depressive symptoms by EURO-D scale and edges are weighted by odds ratios. Changes in symptom relationships were analysed by transitions between health states: “healthy,” “AR only,” and “AR with additional comorbidity.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To prevent further depressive symptom accumulation in AR patients, addressing irritability and lack of interest is crucial. In males, loss of appetite should also be targeted, while in females, depressive feelings need specific attention. Males with AR and additional comorbidities show a significant increase in symptom network density, while females have stronger associations with interest, appetite, guilt, and depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AR is associated with significant changes in the structure of depressive symptom networks, varying with health progression. Attention to irritability, lack of interest, appetite, and depressive feelings is crucial for preventing further mental health declines in newly diagnosed AR patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust in Media, Trust in Science, Political Party, Big Five Personality Traits, and Vaccination Intention: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Erika Katherine Johnson,&nbsp;Charles Meadows,&nbsp;Carrie Cui Zhang Meadows","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.70957","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trust in news media is important to examine in relation to COVID-19 vaccination and personality has also been explored in regard to vaccination, where agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability have been shown to be connected to positive attitudes towards vaccination. This study examines salient predictor variables among young people who may be less inclined to vaccinate and seek booster shots for COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed an online Qualtrics survey method at a large US university to ascertain the relationship between independent variables news trust, personality traits, political beliefs, and social media use, and intentions to vaccinate among college students, <i>N</i> = 456.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agreeableness and emotional stability predict the intention to vaccinate against the COVID-19. Agreeableness is the strongest personality trait to predict individuals' intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine when adding trust in news media, trust in science, and political party affiliation as predictors among personality traits. Trust in news media and intention to vaccinate were mediated by trust in science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has important implications for how to target and communicate with certain types of individuals based on trust in news, trust in science, and personality types, particularly, agreeableness. Trust in science is an important mediator variable that is influential on intention to vaccinate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}