Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Human Giardiasis in Ghana – A Scoping Review of Studies From 2004 to 2024","authors":"Christopher Yaw Dumevi,&nbsp;Isabella Naa Ayeley Aryee,&nbsp;Peter Nii Apai Baddoo,&nbsp;Joyce Junior Asiamah,&nbsp;Ezekiel Kofi Vicar,&nbsp;James-Paul Kretchy,&nbsp;Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie,&nbsp;George Boateng Kyei,&nbsp;Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo,&nbsp;Irene Ayi,&nbsp;Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70822","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human giardiasis poses a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in resource-limited countries due to poor personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and unsafe water. It affects approximately 300 million people globally every year, and children are the most at-risk population. This scoping review assesses the burden, transmission dynamics, and public health implications of human giardiasis in Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search strategy across PubMed, African Journals Online, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases using key terms “Giardia duodenalis,” “Giardia intestinalis,” and “Giardiasis.” Published articles on Human giardiasis in Ghana between 2004 and 2024 on epidemiology, prevalence, diagnostic methods, and target populations were extracted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen studies conducted in Ghana met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The prevalence of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Ghana varies significantly across studies and settings, with rates ranging from 0.7% to 59.6%, with children being the most affected. However, studies conducted in Ghana since 2020 indicate a lower prevalence, with rates between 0.7% and 13.0%. Regional studies indicate varied prevalence: 0.7%–13.0%, 2.3%–59.6%, and 5.9% in the Southern, Middle, and Northern belts, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of human giardiasis in Ghana is relatively low. However, targeted public health interventions are necessary to maintain the progress achieved, in addition to improvements in sanitation and hygiene practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Spiritual Support Program on Quality-of-Life of Stroke Survivors Post Substance Overdose: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Leyla Alilu,&nbsp;Mansour Arad,&nbsp;Rasoul Goli,&nbsp;Amireh Hassanpour,&nbsp;Navid Faraji,&nbsp;Sorena Nazarbaghi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70814","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stroke survivors with a history of substance abuse often face challenges in their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a spiritual support program on the quality of life of this patient population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ICU ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Iran with stroke survivors who had experienced substance overdose. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (<i>n</i> = 50) receiving a four-session spiritual support program or a control group (<i>n</i> = 50). Quality of life was assessed using the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QoL) scale at baseline and post-intervention, with data analyzed using SPSS version 25, including <i>χ</i>², Fisher's exact test, independent <i>t</i>-tests, and paired sample <i>t</i>-tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of participants was 37.89 ± 11.32 years in the control group and 38.66 ± 11.75 years in the intervention group. The cohort was predominantly male, with 52% of the control group and 54% of the intervention group being men. Most participants were married and employed, with a high prevalence of tobacco use. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean quality of life score between the groups (<i>t</i> = −0.123, <i>p</i> = 0.285). Post-intervention, a significant disparity was observed in the mean quality of life score between the groups (<i>t</i> = 1.995, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in the mean quality of life score (<i>t</i> = 5.155, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and its dimensions post-intervention, while the control group did not show significant changes in quality-of-life scores (<i>t</i> = 1.104, <i>p</i> = 0.609).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spiritual support program can improve the quality of life for stroke survivors with substance abuse histories, emphasizing the need for holistic, patient-centered care that addresses spiritual needs to enhance well-being and recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The protocol has been registered at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20250204005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to Editor—Rabies-Free Ghana: Scope for Improvement","authors":"Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe,&nbsp;Derrick Adu Asare","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70694","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We sincerely appreciate the insightful comments provided by the reader regarding our article “&lt;i&gt;Rabies Control in Ghana: Stakeholders Interventions, Challenges, and Opportunities&lt;/i&gt;”. We are grateful for their engagement with our study and for highlighting key areas that could further strengthen the discourse on rabies control in Ghana. Below, we systematically address each of the concerns raised.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As of the reader's comment on the article primarily relying on data from 2015 to 2018 and should be updated with more recent statistics, particularly from 2020 to 2023. The reader cites recent WHO report indicating 331 rabies cases in 2023 and 793 suspected cases from 2020 to 2023 in Ghana. We acknowledge the reader's concern about the data used for this study. However, at the time of our research, the focus was on publicly accessible and validated data, which we found to have covered the period of 2015–2018. We appreciate the reference to the recent WHO report. However, this report clearly showed no data availability [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This validates the stand of our research, which showed the nonavailability of publicly available data on rabies in Ghana to inform strategies for its control. In furtherance, the reference to [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] by the reader did not show any reliability of the data the reader referred to as the figures from the blog report was not properly referenced to any publicly available and accessible document hence, could not be considered to be scientifically appropriate to use for studies of such nature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In response to the reader's comment, where figure 1 does not include data for 2014, which should either be explicitly explained or accounted for figure 2 contains inconsistencies in the reported human rabies cases and deaths. Figure 3 should include vaccination percentages rather than only raw numbers to highlight trends. Unavailable data categories (e.g., livestock, wildlife, and bat rabies cases) should be removed from graphs or justified. We appreciate these detailed observations on our data representation by the reader. Regarding figure 1, the absence of 2014 data was due to unavailability in official reports as these graphs were compiled by Global Alliance for Rabies Control [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] which is the only stakeholder in Rabies control in Ghana who has made the crucial effort to make such data compilations to reflect the situation of rabies in Ghana and made it to be within the accessible public domain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For figure 2, we acknowledge the readers' opinion of the discrepancy in the number of human rabies cases and deaths reported. However, this is a published and publicly available data compiled by the Global Alliance for Rabies Control [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] in Ghana, of which the authors of this study did not have the power to alter since it is copyrighted in the name of the source from which the data was obtained. In figure 3, we concur that including vaccination percentages alongside raw numbers would provi","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Depression and Medication Adherence in Older Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mina Berimavandi,&nbsp;Parvin Abbasi,&nbsp;Behnam Khaledi-Paveh,&nbsp;Nader Salari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70703","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by the end of 2030 will be among the major causes of disability worldwide. Meanwhile, medication adherence is an important factor in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with CVD. Further, lack of medication compliance is affected by depression. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between depression and medication adherence among older patients with CVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search was done across eight databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, APA Psycinfo, CINAHL/ebsco, ProQuest, and Web of Science. For the selection of included studies, there were no constraints regarding publication language. All studies available in each of the databases were searched up to December 9, 2021. Risk of bias assessment was done based on the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. The final result was estimated using a random effects model. The data were analyzed by CMA 2 software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven studies and 10,153 elderly suffering from CVD were identified. Most included studies had reported an inverse association between depression and medication adherence. There was a small effect between depression and medication adherence among these older patients (combined odds ratio 0.603, 95% confidence interval 0.252–1.442). Thus, having depression would reduce medication adherence by 40%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression has a considerable effect on medication adherence among older patients with CVD. Thus, it is suggested that considering the importance of depression and lack of medication adherence in increasing the negative outcomes of this disease in these patients, primary studies be conducted in this regard to achieve conclusive results in subsequent systematic reviews and meta-analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Risk Factors in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Damascus_Syria: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mohamad Ala Rashi,&nbsp;Khaled Alkhateeb,&nbsp;Hamza Altabbaa,&nbsp;Omar Alnehlawi,&nbsp;Aman Nakawah,&nbsp;Ghassan Hamzeh","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70781","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors among patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Syrian society.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study, patients' data were collected from four hospitals. Cross-tabulation tables and the <i>χ</i>² test were used to show the relationship between gender/age and the prevalence of risk factors, demonstrate statistical significance, and calculate <i>p</i> value.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From a total of 194 patients included in the study, there were 123 males, accounting for 63.4% of the patients, while there were 71 females, accounting for 36.6%. The most common risk factor among intracerebral hemorrhage patients was hypertension at 44.8% of the total patients, followed by antithrombotic use at 25.8%, smoking at 19.1%, diabetes at 15.5%, and hematological diseases making up 9.3% of the patients, whereas in age groups under 10 years, various hematological diseases were the most prevalent risk factors at 42.5%, followed by prematurity at 27.5%, and hyaline membrane disease at 15%. The study showed no statistically significant differences in the distribution of risk factors between males and females except for smoking. However, the results revealed a significant difference in the distribution of risk factors according to age for Smoking, hypertension, antithrombotic use, diabetes, arteriovenous malformation, hyaline membrane disease, hematological diseases, and prematurity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study showed that hypertension and antithrombotic use are the most important risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, so controlling arterial pressure and periodic tests such as platelet count/PT/PTT are gold roles in preventing intracerebral hemorrhage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Zataria multiflora on Clinical, Pulmonary Function, and Oxidant Factors in Patients With Pulmonary Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials","authors":"Amirali Aali,&nbsp;Erfan Taherifard,&nbsp;Melika Farshidianfar,&nbsp;Farshad Hadianfard,&nbsp;Fatemeh Alamdari,&nbsp;Omid Keshavarzian,&nbsp;Majid Nimrouzi,&nbsp;Seyed Taghi Heydari,&nbsp;Maryam Akbari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70772","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on clinical presentation, pulmonary function, and inflammatory and oxidative parameters in patients with pulmonary disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify trials that assessed the effects of <i>Z. multiflora</i> in patients with different pulmonary diseases. A random-effects model was then applied to estimate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the outcomes considered in this meta-analysis. Additional analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight articles were included in this meta-analysis. <i>Z. multiflora</i> supplementation was associated with a significant increase in forced vital capacity (15.17%, 95% CI: 11.01–19.33), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (9.22%, 95% CI: 1.73–16.70), peak expiratory flow (8.68%, 95% CI: 5.94–11.42), catalase (0.05 U/mL, 95% CI: 0.01–0.10), thiol (0.02 μmol/mL, 95% CI: 0.01–0.03), interleukin-10 (0.38 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.34–0.42) and interferon-gamma (0.74 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.56–0.91). Besides, there were significant decreases in chest wheeze (−1.24, 95% CI: −1.48 to 1.01), malondialdehyde (−2.63 nmol/mL, 95% CI: −3.86 to −1.39), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (−1.45 pg/mL, 95% CI: −2.01 to −0.89). However, there were no significant changes in mid-maximum expiratory flow and superoxide dismutase levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current meta-analysis underscores the effects of Z. multiflora in improving the clinical manifestations of patients with pulmonary disease, as well as its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, more trials with larger samples and longer observation durations are needed to strengthen the evidence for widespread supplementation of <i>Z. multiflora</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Women and Child Healthcare: Is AI Able to Change the Beginning of a New Story? A Perspective","authors":"Patricia Takako Endo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70779","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal and neonatal mortality remain critical global health challenges, particularly in low-resource settings where preventable deaths occur due to inadequate access to timely care. This article explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance maternal and child healthcare by improving early risk identification, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and postpartum monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It explores the use of AI in identifying pregnancy-related risks, recommending treatments, predicting adverse outcomes, and monitoring postpartum and neonatal care. Various AI models, including supervised machine learning, Large Language Models (LLMs), and Small/Medium Language Models (SLMs/MLMs), are discussed in terms of their feasibility into resource-limited healthcare systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI has demonstrated significant potential in identifying pregnancy-related risks, recommending treatments, predicting adverse outcomes, and supporting postpartum and neonatal care. While AI-driven solutions can optimize healthcare decision-making and resource allocation, challenges such as data availability, integration into clinical workflows, and ethical considerations must be addressed for widespread adoption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI offers promising solutions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by enhancing risk detection and clinical decision-making. However, its real-world implementation requires overcoming barriers related to data quality, infrastructure, and equitable deployment. Future efforts should focus on data standardization, AI model optimization for resource-limited settings, and ethical considerations in clinical integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and Anxiety Among Dentists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zrnka Kovačić Petrović,&nbsp;Tina Peraica,&nbsp;Mirta Blažev,&nbsp;Vesna Barac Furtinger,&nbsp;Dragica Kozarić-Kovačić","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70786","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many studies investigated the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety among dentists. This systematic review aimed to determine: (i) the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, (ii) the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (iii) gender difference in prevalence of depression and anxiety among dentists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eligible articles on depression and anxiety in dentists were systematically searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from September 2023 to October 2023 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment checklist adapted for cross-sectional studies. Statistical heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using Cochran's <i>Q</i> test and <i>I</i>² statistic. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were calculated using the random-effect model with the Restricted Maximum-Likelihood estimator. Of 3762 searched articles, 33 articles were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety symptoms among dentists were 42% and 44%, respectively. The prevalence rates of mild, moderate, and severe or extremely severe depression were 20%, 18%, and 8%, respectively. For mild, moderate, and severe or extremely severe anxiety, the respective prevalence rates were 21%, 18%, and 11%. We did not find evidence to suggest differences in depression or anxiety prevalence rates between the periods before and during COVID-19. In comparison with men, women showed approximately 27% higher risk of experiencing depression and 24% higher risk of experiencing anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equally high levels of depression and anxiety in dentists were found both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant percentage of moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Female dentists reported a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than their male colleagues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption of Electronic Prescription by Physicians and Pharmacists","authors":"Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic prescribing holds significant potential for improving healthcare quality and efficiency. However, its success relies on healthcare professionals' acceptance and use. This study investigated the factors influencing e-prescribing adoption among physicians and pharmacists in Iran, where its use has been mandated since December 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using a structured questionnaire to gather data from 189 physicians and pharmacists in Kerman, Iran. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire divided into two sections: demographic information and research variables. The questionnaire measured key constructs based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and MPLUS 8.3.2 software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 171 individuals participated in our survey. The updated measurement model confirmed the presence of convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability and fit. Analysis of the structural model indicated that, at the 95% confidence level, perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, which in turn enhances trust in the e-prescribing system. Additionally, technology self-efficacy has a positive impact on attitudes toward using e-prescribing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents valuable insights into the factors influencing the adoption of e-prescribing within the Iranian healthcare context. The findings carry significant implications for policymakers, system developers, and healthcare administrators aiming to enhance the implementation of e-prescribing and promote its widespread adoption. Furthermore, this study contributes to the broader discourse on health information technology adoption by emphasizing the critical importance of contextual factors in technology acceptance research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Prospective Study to Assess Efficacy of Intralesional MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Vaccine and Intralesional Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Nongenital Warts","authors":"Bibisha Baaniya,&nbsp;Suchana Marahatta,&nbsp;Raunak Dahal,&nbsp;Nidhi Shah","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70782","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intralesional immunotherapy is an upcoming method of wart treatment with fewer side effects and this study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of intralesional MMR vaccine and vitamin D3 in the treatment of nongenital warts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comparative prospective study was done with a total of 61 patients divided into two groups. Thirty-one patients were treated with intralesional MMR, while 30 patients received intralesional vitamin D3. In both groups, a maximum of five sessions were carried out every 3 weeks and follow-up was done for 3 months. <i>χ</i>², Fisher's exact, and multivariate analyses assessed variable relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the MMR group, 80.6% of patients achieved complete response, 6.5% had excellent response, 9.7% showed good response, and 3.2% had no response. Similarly, in the vitamin D3 group, 73.4% achieved complete response, 20.0% had excellent response, 3.3% showed good response and 3.3% had no response. The difference in response rates between the two groups was statistically insignificant. One patient (4.0%) in the MMR group and three patients (13.6%) in the vitamin D3 group experienced recurrence within 3 months of follow-up, but this difference was not statistically significant. Both treatments were well tolerated. Pain was universal, while swelling (60%), hyperpigmentation (30%), and pruritus (16.7%) were more common with vitamin D3. In logistic regression analysis, pain duration was significantly higher in the Vitamin D group compared to the MMR group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Fever (MMR) and hypervitaminosis D3-related fatigue (vitamin D3) were rare. No severe adverse events occurred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both intralesional MMR and vitamin D3 showed positive response and were well tolerated and comfortable modalities for the treatment of warts. However, recurrence rate and side effects were higher with Vitamin D3 than MMR.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04428359.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}