Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Predictors of State and Trait Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Azam Sharifi,&nbsp;Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab,&nbsp;Shamaneh Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mashaallah Zeraati Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Zahra Jamshidi,&nbsp;Mohsen Aghabeygi- Arani,&nbsp;Nilofar Mirzaei,&nbsp;Negin Fallahi-Khoshknab,&nbsp;Parisa Rasouli,&nbsp;Abbas Ebadi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthcare workers (HCWs) are in contact with patients afflicted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high communicability of COVID-19 and its different challenges cause varying levels of anxiety for HCWs. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of state and trait anxiety among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021–2022. Participants were 628 HCWs purposively recruited from educational hospitals in Iran. Data were collected through a demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and were analyzed through the SPSS software (v. 23.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most participants were female (70.8%), married (67.4%), and nurses (69.7%), and had a bachelor's degree (64.0%). The means of their age and clinical work experience were 34.69 ± 6.28 years and 9.22 ± 3.98 years, respectively. Most participants suffered from moderate to very severe state (91.7%) and trait (81.2%) anxiety. The mean scores of state and trait anxiety had significant relationship with gender and employment type (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and the mean score of state anxiety had significant relationship with marital status and work shift (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Employment type and work shift significantly predicted 15% of the total variance of the mean score of state anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most HCWs in Iran suffered from moderate to very severe state and trait anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strong psychological support is essential for HCWs during epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lineage and Sublineage Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Types 66 and 68 in Iran During 2021–2023: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sima Taherkhani,&nbsp;Mohammad Shabanpour,&nbsp;Zabihollah Shoja,&nbsp;Somayeh Jalilvand","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70921","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowing the distribution of HPV lineages and sublineages can provide more information on this virus's epidemiology, evolution, and pathogenicity. The present study intends to investigate the sequence variations of the E6 gene to know the distribution of lineages and sublineages of HPV 66 and 68 types in Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one HPV 66 and 59 HPV 68-positive samples were investigated to identify their lineage/sublineages by hemi-nested PCR and sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the HPV 66-infected samples belonged to lineage B (77.5%) and the remaining (22.5%) were classified as lineage A. For sublineage classification, 22.5%, 12.7%, and 64.8% were sublineages A1, B1, and B2, respectively. Most of the HPV 68-positive samples were classified as lineage C (66.1%), followed by lineage A (25.4%), lineage D/E (6.8%), and lineage F (1.7%). According to detected sublineages, C1 was dominant (62.7%), followed by A1 (22%), D/E (6.8%), A2 (3.4%), C2 (3.4%), and F2 (1.7%). No statistically significant differences were observed concerning HPV 66 or 68 distinct lineages by histology/cytology status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that the B2 sublineage of HPV 66 and the C1 sublineage of HPV 68 were dominant in Iranian women. However, to elucidate the role of HPV 66 and 68 lineages in the pathogenicity risk of these two types, more studies with larger sample sizes are required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Blood Pressure, High Normal Blood Pressure, and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study","authors":"Cecilia Johansson,&nbsp;Lars Johansson,&nbsp;Marie Eriksson,&nbsp;Jonas Andersson,&nbsp;Marcus M. Lind","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the association between normal BP, (blood pressure [BP] 120–129/80–84 mmHg), and high normal BP, (BP 130–139/85–89 mmHg), compared to optimal BP, and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A population-based cohort study was performed including inhabitants of Västerbotten County, Sweden, aged 30–60 years without AF at inclusion who participated in health examinations in 1988–2014. Approximately 40% of participants had ≥ 2 health examinations. The health examination included a questionnaire and measurement of BP, weight, height, and glucose. Cox regression with time-updated covariates was used to estimate the association between BP and AF risk. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cohort included 109,697 persons with 162,982 observations and a mean follow-up of 13.6 years. Incident AF was diagnosed in 5260 participants. We found an increased risk of incident AF associated with normal BP (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.27) and high normal BP (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10–1.38) compared to optimal BP after multivariable adjustment. Systolic BP and diastolic BP in 10 mmHg increments were associated with risk of incident AF, with HRs of 1.11 (95% CI 1.10–1.13) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.09–1.16), respectively, in multivariable models. A restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that the AF risk increased gradually with increasing systolic and diastolic BP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with both normal BP and high normal BP have an increased risk of developing incident AF. The risk of AF increased gradually with increasing systolic and diastolic BP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Afghanistan's Drug Policy: A Policy Analysis of Eradication, Harm Reduction, and Economic Dependencies","authors":"Mohammad Qais Azizi,&nbsp;Mohammad Faisal Wardak,&nbsp;Edris Afzali,&nbsp;Ali Rahimi,&nbsp;Jerico Bautista Ogaya,&nbsp;Enayatollah Ejaz,&nbsp;Basir Ahmad Hasin,&nbsp;Mohammad Masudi,&nbsp;Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Afghanistan's responses to illicit drugs have oscillated between punitive eradication and limited harm-reduction initiatives. Two decades of heavy external spending, entrenched conflict, and an economy intertwined with opium have blunted policy effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Guided by Walt and Gilson's policy-triangle, we undertook a document-based review (2001–2024). Twenty-seven national laws, strategies, and analytical reports were retrieved from government and multilateral repositories. Data were coded thematically using Braun-and-Clarke's six-phase approach to map policy content, actors, context, and implementation barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four themes emerged. <i>First</i>, Afghan drug policy has passed through distinct phases—post-2001 tolerance, eradication campaigns, a harm-reduction window, and the current Afghan government's prohibition—each shaped by shifting political economies. <i>Second</i>, a complex actor constellation spans ministries, insurgent groups, multilateral donors, and opium-dependent farming communities, often with conflicting incentives. <i>Third</i>, implementation is hampered by corruption, chronic insecurity, rural poverty, and a shrinking treatment infrastructure (113 centres for an estimated 1.5 million users in 2024). <i>Fourth</i>, persisting failures fuel cycles of addiction, rural impoverishment, and insurgent financing, while recent poppy bans have accelerated a pivot to methamphetamine production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sustainable progress demands moving beyond short-term enforcement toward an integrated rural-development and public-health agenda. Priorities include: (i) secure livelihood alternatives for farmers; (ii) restoration and scale-up of evidence-based treatment and harm-reduction services; (iii) transparent governance mechanisms that engage local communities. A balanced, context-sensitive policy mix offers the best prospect of reducing drug-related harm while addressing the structural drivers that have long frustrated Afghan counter-narcotics efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Nurses and Children Living in Their Households: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Filip Viskupič,&nbsp;David L. Wiltse,&nbsp;Thomas E. Stenvig","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children are at lower risk from influenza and COVID-19 than other age groups, but they can still be affected. Some adults, including healthcare workers, developed negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, which might lead to lowered pediatric vaccine uptake. We investigated COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccine uptake among nurses and children living in their households.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using contact information from the state professional licensing body, we recruited 677 nurses from South Dakota with children living in their households to participate in an online survey. Data were collected in May 2024. The survey included questions regarding parental and pediatric vaccine uptake and social and political factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. We used logistic regression to analyze the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that 64% were vaccinated for influenza and 18% of children were vaccinated for COVID-19. The pediatric uptake of both vaccines was associated with parental COVID-19 vaccination status and partially with influenza vaccination status. Nurses who identified with the Republican Party reported lowered vaccination rates for children living in their households.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, we found low COVID-19 and flu vaccination rates among children in our sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Forces Against Bacteria: Phages and Antibiotics","authors":"Shima Afrasiabi,&nbsp;Alireza Partoazar,&nbsp;Ramin Goudarzi,&nbsp;Ahmad Reza Dehpour","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70956","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is now known that bacteria are highly interactive and exhibit a range of complex cooperative behaviors, including conjugal plasmid transfer, toxins, swarming, drug resistance, toxin production, biofilm development, and other virulence traits. The development of phage–antibiotic synergy (PAS) could be a useful weapon against bacterial infections where antibiotics increase phage replication and antimicrobial activity. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of PAS in combating bacterial infections, focusing on the mechanisms and clinical implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted analyzing studies on PAS, including their effects on biofilm degradation, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and toxin-producing pathogens. Key factors such as timing, dosing and compatibility of phage-antibiotic combinations were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAS showed promising results in various bacterial infections. The combination of phages and antibiotics restored the susceptibility of MDR strains, facilitated the degradation of biofilms and minimized the need for high doses of antibiotics, thereby reducing potential side effects. However, challenges such as the emergence of resistance and antagonistic interactions with certain combinations remain. Key factors influencing the efficacy of PAS include phage and antibiotic dosing, timing of administration, and the physiological state of the bacteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAS has potential applications in the treatment of complex infections. Despite the promising results, further research is essential to standardize protocols, optimize therapeutic combinations and address safety concerns. Clinical trials focusing on phage selection, resistance management and patient-specific treatments will be crucial for the translation of PAS into clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor: Oral Isotretinoin in Recalcitrant Facial Flat Warts—Methodological and Reporting Gaps Undermine Generalizability","authors":"Ruba Javed,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71042","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with great interest the recent randomized controlled trial by Olguín-García et al., which evaluated the impact of two doses of oral isotretinoin on recalcitrant facial flat warts and associated psychosocial outcomes in adult patients [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The authors should be commended for addressing a clinically relevant dermatologic condition that is often resistant to standard therapies. However, several methodological limitations merit consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, the study was terminated early due to an interim analysis, yet there was no mention of a pre-specified stopping rule or alpha adjustment. This omission increases the risk of type I error and could inflate the observed treatment effect. Unlike other robust RCTs such as the multicenter trial by Ramanan et al., which followed predefined protocols without early stopping, the current trial lacks transparency in its interim analysis plan, undermining the credibility of its conclusions [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, the absence of a placebo or active comparator group restricts the ability to attribute observed improvements solely to isotretinoin. Donnez et al. in the EDELWEISS 3 trial, incorporated a placebo control and double-dummy design, enabling clearer interpretation of treatment effects while minimizing placebo-related confounding—a critical element when evaluating conditions prone to spontaneous resolution [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thirdly, the single-center nature of the trial limits external validity. The study population was drawn exclusively from a dermatology clinic in Mexico City, without stratification for demographic or geographic variables. In contrast, Eng et al. enhanced generalizability in their malaria RCT by accounting for regional and host-related confounders through relocation and stratification strategies [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, adherence was assessed solely via pill count, which is a subjective and often inflated measure. There were no efforts to corroborate adherence with biochemical monitoring or digital tracking. This parallels concerns raised by Gordon et al. in their Cochrane review, where missing data on implementation metrics like adverse event-related withdrawals compromised the interpretability of multiple RCTs [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, while the study by Olguín-García et al. provides encouraging data on isotretinoin's efficacy in treating recalcitrant flat warts, the methodological concerns—including lack of placebo control, single-center design, subjective adherence monitoring, and unclear interim analysis practices—limit the strength of its conclusions. Future trials should address these issues by implementing rigorous design standards to improve validity and reproducibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ruba Javed:&lt;/b&gt; conceptualization, methodology, software, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing. &lt;b&gt;Javed Iqbal:&lt;/b&gt; conceptualization, methodology, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The authors ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Serum Level of TGF-β1 and Clinical Manifestations in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Fatemeh Bakhshipour,&nbsp;Bita Bandar,&nbsp;Fatemeh Bineshfar,&nbsp;Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard,&nbsp;Azar Babaahmadi,&nbsp;Najmaldin Saki,&nbsp;Kaveh Jaseb","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited red blood cell disorder resulting from the polymerization of Hemoglobin S. Acute vaso-occlusive crisis and multiple organ damage are the most common complications of SCA. Because of its multifunctional role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and fibrosis, TGF-β₁ could be involved in SCA development, which may explain a variety of symptoms associated with this disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of TGF-β₁ as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting the types of SCA clinical manifestations and highlights the complication frequency in this group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The level of TGF-β₁ in serum was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 98 SCA patients and 98 healthy individuals without any history of hemoglobinopathies, who served as the control group. Moreover, a questionnaire was completed for each patient to determine the type of clinical symptoms they experienced. Analysis of data was conducted on SPSS 26 using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution and central tendency measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were lower in SCA patients compared to the control group, and white blood count (WBC), red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher in these patients. No significant correlation was observed between laboratory parameters and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β₁) level (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The serum TGF-β₁ level was higher in patients, but there was no significant correlation between TGF-β₁ level and the type of clinical symptoms in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed a higher prevalence of certain complications in SCA patients in the Arab population of Khuzestan Province. There was no significant correlation between the clinical manifestation of SCA and TGF-β₁.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Health Risks Posed by Adenovirus: A Perspective on Strategies for Prevention and Management","authors":"Taslima Jamal Urmi,&nbsp;Jannatul Mabia Rahman,&nbsp;Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adenovirus (AdV) is a non-enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome that can infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as cause conjunctivitis. The infection is influenced by the patient's age, environment, temperature, and immunocompromised individuals. Due to its wide range of symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, cough, and eye redness, the AdV virus presents a substantial health risk, particularly to children who are vulnerable due to their frequent touching of the mouth and face.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigation of the epidemiology and economic impact of this infection is vital for public health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data, underscoring the importance of shedding light on this subject. Most HAdV (Human adenovirus) infections in children and healthy individuals tend to resolve without medical intervention. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the virus from triggering severe epidemics by maintaining social and individual hygiene practices. Considering the COVID-19 situation, the emergence of another viral epidemic has the potential to present a substantial challenge to our healthcare system. This would lead to an increased burden on the general community, causing distress and health-related difficulties. It is imperative to establish and enhance the healthcare system's infrastructure and capacity to effectively manage future outbreaks. Neonates, immune-compromised individuals, and infants are particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes from this virus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To summarize, resolving the issues posed by viral infections necessitates comprehensive preventative methods to mitigate their social and economic consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Protective Behavior in Occupational Health Practice: A Concept Analysis","authors":"Fenggang Liu,&nbsp;Juanjuan Wang,&nbsp;Weeraporn Suthakorn,&nbsp;Li Liao","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health protective behavior (HPB) is critical in reducing occupational accidents and diseases, yet prior research lacks conceptual clarity. Existing definitions vary widely, ranging from compliance with medical advice to broader hazard avoidance, and fail to holistically address occupational contexts. These inconsistencies hinder the development of targeted interventions and standardized practices in workplace health protection. This study aims to analyze and redefine HPB within occupational health practice to address these gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using Walker and Avant's concept analysis framework, a systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and other databases. After screening 1370 records, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to identify defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five key attributes characterize HPB: (1) proactive assessment and control of environmental hazards, (2) compliance with safety guidelines, (3) concern for the social environment, (4) personal health practices, and (5) health maintenance. Ten antecedents were identified, including hazard awareness, access to resources, self-efficacy, workplace safety climate, etc. Six consequences emerged, such as enhanced well-being, reduced occupational risks, cost savings, and improved quality of life, etc. Model, borderline, and contrary cases further clarified the concept. HPB was redefined as majorly focused on behaviors integrating hazard control, safety adherence, social engagement, and health preservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis provides a unified conceptualization of HPB, addressing prior ambiguities. The findings offer a foundation for developing interventions, instruments, and policies to strengthen occupational health practices. Future research should explore contextual factors influencing HPB and test targeted strategies to promote worker safety and well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}