Health Protective Behavior in Occupational Health Practice: A Concept Analysis

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71020

Fenggang Liu, Juanjuan Wang, Weeraporn Suthakorn, Li Liao

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Health protective behavior (HPB) is critical in reducing occupational accidents and diseases, yet prior research lacks conceptual clarity. Existing definitions vary widely, ranging from compliance with medical advice to broader hazard avoidance, and fail to holistically address occupational contexts. These inconsistencies hinder the development of targeted interventions and standardized practices in workplace health protection. This study aims to analyze and redefine HPB within occupational health practice to address these gaps.

Methods

Using Walker and Avant's concept analysis framework, a systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and other databases. After screening 1370 records, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to identify defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.

Results

Five key attributes characterize HPB: (1) proactive assessment and control of environmental hazards, (2) compliance with safety guidelines, (3) concern for the social environment, (4) personal health practices, and (5) health maintenance. Ten antecedents were identified, including hazard awareness, access to resources, self-efficacy, workplace safety climate, etc. Six consequences emerged, such as enhanced well-being, reduced occupational risks, cost savings, and improved quality of life, etc. Model, borderline, and contrary cases further clarified the concept. HPB was redefined as majorly focused on behaviors integrating hazard control, safety adherence, social engagement, and health preservation.

Conclusion

This analysis provides a unified conceptualization of HPB, addressing prior ambiguities. The findings offer a foundation for developing interventions, instruments, and policies to strengthen occupational health practices. Future research should explore contextual factors influencing HPB and test targeted strategies to promote worker safety and well-being.

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职业卫生实践中的健康保护行为：概念分析

背景与目的健康保护行为（HPB）对减少职业事故和疾病至关重要，但以往的研究缺乏概念上的明确。现有的定义差异很大，从遵守医疗建议到更广泛的危险避免，未能全面解决职业背景。这些不一致妨碍了工作场所健康保护方面有针对性的干预措施和标准化做法的发展。本研究旨在分析和重新定义职业健康实践中的HPB，以解决这些差距。方法采用Walker和Avant的概念分析框架，对PubMed、SCOPUS、CINAHL等数据库进行系统文献综述。筛选1370条记录后，19篇文章符合纳入标准。对数据进行分析，以确定定义属性、前件、结果和经验参考。结果HPB的5个主要特征是：(1)主动评估和控制环境危害，(2)遵守安全指南，(3)关注社会环境，(4)个人健康习惯，(5)健康维护。确定了10个前因，包括危害意识、资源获取、自我效能感、工作场所安全气候等。六个结果出现了，如提高幸福感，降低职业风险，节省成本，提高生活质量等。典型案例、边缘案例和相反案例进一步阐明了这一概念。HPB被重新定义为主要关注综合危害控制、安全遵守、社会参与和健康保护的行为。结论：本分析提供了HPB的统一概念，解决了先前的歧义。研究结果为制定干预措施、工具和政策以加强职业卫生实践提供了基础。未来的研究应探索影响HPB的环境因素，并测试有针对性的策略，以促进工人的安全和福祉。

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