Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tungiasis Among Selected Regions of Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Abayeneh Girma,&nbsp;Indiris Abdu","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tungiasis, caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with substantial health and socioeconomic burdens in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of tungiasis and identify associated risk factors in Ethiopia's Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and African Journal Online (AJOL) for studies published between October 2015 and September 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis model was employed to account for heterogeneity, quantified using <i>I</i>² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots, and Egger's regression test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across eight studies (<i>n</i> = 8502 individuals), the pooled prevalence of tungiasis was 39.0% (95% CI: 28.5–49.6). Subgroup analyses revealed regional disparities, with SNNPR exhibiting a higher prevalence (43.1%; 95% CI: 27.1–58.1) than Oromia (35.0%; 95% CI: 18.8–51.3). Temporal trends indicated a significant increase in prevalence post-2017 compared to earlier years. Low education levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.7, 95% CI: 0.6–4.9), lack of footwear use (AOR: 8.8, 95% CI: 0.1–17.4) and mud/earthen flooring (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 2.6–7.2) were significantly associated with tungiasis among selected regions of Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant burden of tungiasis in Ethiopia's Oromia and SNNPR regions. Therefore, we recommend implementing integrated interventions that combine: (1) provision of community-based health education programs to improve prevention awareness, (2) distribution of protective footwear to high-risk populations, (3) housing improvements focusing on floor hardening, (4) expanded access to safe treatment modalities, and (5) targeted animal reservoir control measures. Such coordinated efforts, embedded within existing NTD control platforms, could substantially reduce tungiasis transmission while addressing the socioeconomic determinants that perpetuate high infection rates in these endemic regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comments on “Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Patient Preferences for Medical Services in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study”","authors":"Nathan Kumasenu Mensah,&nbsp;Godwin Adzakpah,&nbsp;and Co-authors","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We are indeed grateful for your thoughtful and insightful comments on our study, <i>“Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Patient Preferences for Medical Services in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.”</i> We sincerely appreciate your engagement with our work and the critical issues it raises.</p><p>Reviewer emphasised that some of the core implications of our findings, particularly the potential for fear-driven avoidance of healthcare services to exacerbate delayed diagnoses, deteriorate health outcomes, and increase the strain on already overburdened health systems [<span>1</span>]. We concur that these repercussions are not exclusive to Ghana but rather have a more general application, particularly for nations with comparable socioeconomic and healthcare systems.</p><p>Your assertion regarding the significance of fostering public trust in the safety of healthcare environments is particularly relevant. As you correctly observe, the willingness of individuals to seek timely care will increase when they trust that medical facilities are secure and adequately prepared, thereby supporting improved population health outcomes during emergencies.</p><p>Again, the reviewer also placed emphasis on the psychological aspects of public health emergencies. He stressed that it is imperative to incorporate psychological interventions, such as public education campaigns, expanded access to mental health services, and lowering the stigma of hospital visits during pandemics, to implement a comprehensive response to pandemics [<span>2</span>]. We agree that the mitigation of fear and anxiety is not a peripheral issue, but rather a fundamental aspect of guaranteeing fair access to healthcare during health crises. The necessity of interdisciplinary public health strategies that integrate communication, psychological support, and structural preparedness is emphasised by your reflections. We are optimistic that our research will make a substantial contribution to these ongoing endeavours.</p><p>On behalf of my colleagues, we are grateful for your continued input and look forward to possible future collaboration.</p><p>Thank you.</p><p><b>Nathan Kumasenu Mensah:</b> conceptualization, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, methodology, formal analysis, and data curation. <b>Godwin Adzakpah:</b> conceptualization, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, methodology, formal analysis, and data curation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of the TG/HDL Ratio With Cognition Function in Older Adults (≥ 60 Years): A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2011–2014","authors":"Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Boda Jiang,&nbsp;Yaxi Zhang,&nbsp;Mengdi Yu,&nbsp;Xinlei Mao","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and cognitive impairment in the general US elderly population aged 60 years and older is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between TG/HDL-C ratio and cognitive function in older adults in the US.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study (NHANES 2011–2014), 1340 participants underwent cognitive assessments: CERAD (memory), Animal Fluency (verbal fluency), and DSST (processing speed). Global cognition was derived from standardized Z-scores. Survey-weighted multivariate linear regression evaluated associations between TG/HDL-C (continuous/quartiles) and cognitive scores, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Nonlinearity was tested via restricted cubic splines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher TG/HDL-C correlated with poorer cognitive performance. Compared to Q1 (lowest), Q4 (highest) had significantly lower DSST (<i>β</i> = −2.1, 95% CI: −3.4 to −0.8) and global <i>Z</i>-scores (<i>β</i> = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.15 to −0.03; p-trend &lt; 0.001). Each unit increase in TG/HDL-C reduced DSST (<i>β</i> = −1.34, 95% CI: −2.09 to −0.59) and global scores (β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.09 to −0.02). Nonlinear patterns were observed (p-nonlinearity&lt; 0.05). Subgroup analyses identified significant effect modifications by race (DSST: p-interaction = 0.004) and age (global cognition: p-interaction = 0.024).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated TG/HDL-C is independently associated with worse cognitive function in older US adults, particularly impacting processing speed and executive function. These findings underscore lipid dysregulation's role in cognitive aging, supporting targeted interventions for metabolic health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Risk of Local Transmission of Mpox in Nepal: An Emerging Public Health Concern","authors":"Yogendra Shah,&nbsp;Ankit Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Bipin Kumar Acharya,&nbsp;Mandira Lamichhane,&nbsp;Ram Singh Dhami,&nbsp;Kishor Pandey,&nbsp;Shyam Prakash Dumre,&nbsp;Kouichi Morita,&nbsp;Basu Dev Pandey,&nbsp;Meghnath Dhimal","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the <i>Orthopoxvirus</i> genus with two major clades (Clades I and II), with Clade IIb responsible for most global cases reported during 2022–2024. By July 2024, more than 100,000 Mpox cases and 200 deaths were reported worldwide. Nepal has recently confirmed three imported Mpox cases, raising concerns about the potential for local transmission amid increased labor migration and peacekeeping troops abroad. This study aims to trace out the emerging threat and risk of Mpox transmission in Nepal and preparedness and prevention strategies based on global experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed global and national epidemiological reports and Mpox case data from the government authority of Nepal to identify Mpox clades with Clade II at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Nepal, three cases have been confirmed, all linked with recent travel history to the Middle East country (Saudi Arabia). Mpox reported in Nepal belonged to Clade IIa by sequencing. Additionally, the risk of Mpox transmission among Nepalese individuals in the UN peacekeeping forces stationed in Africa, including a few endemic countries, may be elevated due to shared living conditions, as human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact, fomites, or respiratory secretions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nepal should strengthen molecular laboratories, enforce national guidelines, enhance border health monitoring, raise public awareness, and ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Coordinated strategies and preparedness are crucial to prevent potential outbreaks and enhance national readiness against future Mpox threats in Nepal. It is recommended that the Government of Nepal adopt and implement a One Health approach for the early detection, control, and prevention of Mpox to minimize transmission risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Adverse Events of WHO Shorter Regimen in the Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Bhutan: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Gaki Nima,&nbsp;Thinley Dorji,&nbsp;Chencho Dorji,&nbsp;Tandin Zangpo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bhutan first introduced the Shorter Regimen, consisting of a combination of Amikacin, Clofazamine, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, high dose Isoniazid, Moxifloxacin and Pyrazinamide, for the treatment of rifampicin or multidrug resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) in 2018. This study describes the outcome, time to sputum conversion and adverse events of treatment among MDR-TB patients treated with the Shorter Regimen in Bhutan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a longitudinal study among patients with RR/MDR-TB who were treated with the Shorten Regimen between 2018 and 2020. Throughout the treatment period, sputum smear, culture, and blood investigations were monitored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 52 patients who received the shorter regimen for MDR-TB. Forty-seven patients (90%) had pulmonary TB (PTB) and five (10%) had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). Forty-one patients (79%) had confirmed MDR-TB and 11 (21%) had RR-TB. MDR-TB was detected in new cases in 35 patients (69%), while 11 (22%) were cases of TB relapse and five (10%) were cases of treatment failure. There were 40 patients (86%) who achieved sputum smear conversion by the end of 4 months while all patients became culture negative by the end of 3 months. All patients achieved culture conversion by the end of 3 months. The treatment success rate was 94% and there were no deaths. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, dizziness, sleep disturbances, depressed mood and skin rash. QTc prolongations were observed in six patients, for which five patients needed dose modification of Moxifloxacin. Five patients had hepatitis, and two needed dose modification. Two patients were switched to the longer regimen due to amikacin-induced profound hearing loss and nephrotoxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The treatment success rate of MDR-TB was high, with high sputum and culture conversion rates. Adequate monitoring of side effects is important in providing timely intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Vitamin D Metabolism on Serum Response to Supplementation in Adults and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol","authors":"Lana Pacheco Franco-Gedda,&nbsp;Karina Rodrigues,&nbsp;Matias Noll,&nbsp;Marcela Moraes Mendes,&nbsp;Maria Aderuza Horst","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70948","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health issue, with varying individual responses to supplementation. Genetic factors, especially single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Vitamin D metabolism genes, likely play a key role. This protocol proposes a systematic review to explore how genetic variability affects serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels after supplementation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The literature search will be conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, without restrictions on publication date or language. The study selection will be guided by Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcomes, Study Design (PECOS) framework, focusing on randomized clinical trials that report pre- and post-supplementation serum 25(OH)D levels alongside genotype data. Inclusion criteria comprise adults and elderly individuals, from both sexes and any ethnicity, who received Vitamin D supplementation and have SNPs data, while exclusion criteria reject studies with confounding factors such as pre-existing conditions or use of medications affecting Vitamin D status. Data extraction will include study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention details, SNPs, and serum 25(OH)D data. Inter-rater reliability will be assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. A descriptive synthesis will summarize the findings, and if feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The primary outcome will be changes in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Heterogeneity among studies will be quantified using the &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;² statistic. The methodological quality of studies will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, and the overall certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;By identifying genetic subgroups with differential responses to vitamin D supplementation, the findings are expected to contribute to the development of personalized supplementation strategies. These insights may enhance health interventions by optimizing supplementation protocols based on genetic predispositions, ultimately improving health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registration&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This protocol has been registered with International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD42023449836.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and Limitations of ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Scoping Review","authors":"Seyyede Fateme Ghasemi,&nbsp;Parastoo Amiri,&nbsp;Zahra Galavi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI, has emerged as a transformative tool in the healthcare sector. Its ability to process vast amounts of medical data and generate human-like responses offers significant potential for enhancing patient engagement and supporting healthcare professionals. However, despite its advantages, there are significant limitations. This scoping review aims to critically evaluate both the advantages and limitations associated with integrating ChatGPT into healthcare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this scoping review, we searched for the original articles published in online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from January 1, 2020, to May 30, 2023 using relevant keywords (“ChatGPT,” “Health,” “Advantage,” and “Limitation”) in English language. Data collection was done using a researcher's checklist using Excel version 2019 software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 4982 articles found, 28 articles were included in the study. All articles were conducted in 2023. The type of study in more than half of the articles was cross-sectional. Advantages and limitations extracted from the studies were grouped into eight and nine categories, respectively. The most common advantages were “Clinical Decision Support (CDS)” and “improved medical education,” which included enhanced teaching methods and curriculum development. Specific benefits in medical education were comprehensive drug counseling, understanding of radiation oncology, and predicting drug-drug interactions. Research assistance benefits were also notable, such as facilitating data analysis, selecting strong research ideas, and aiding in academic writing. The most frequent limitations were “knowledge limitations and accuracy” and “reliability.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review has provided a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and limitations of ChatGPT in the healthcare sector. While the model shows significant promise in enhancing CDS and improving medical education, it is essential to remain vigilant about its limitations, particularly concerning knowledge accuracy and reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Risk of Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Among Immigrant and Native-Born Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis","authors":"Júlia Siscart,&nbsp;Laura Gascó,&nbsp;Maria Catalina Serna,&nbsp;Míriam Orós,&nbsp;Daniel Perejón,&nbsp;Blanca Salinas-Roca","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ethnic disparities in birth outcomes have been well documented, it is unclear whether certain immigrant groups have a higher risk of suffering from perinatal complications compared to native-born Spanish women. The objective of this study was to identify prenatal and perinatal complications among immigrant populations and residents of a region of Catalonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in the Lleida health region between 2012 and 2018. Perinatal indicators of obstetric outcomes were compared between the immigrant and native-born Spanish population. The risk was calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 17,281 women, accounting for over 92% of the pregnant population in the Lleida health region, was analyzed. Among this sample, preeclampsia occurred in 2.4% of sub-Saharan women. They also presented the highest percentage of cesarean sections of 22.5%. Apgar score in the first minute &lt; 7 was observed in 4.6% of newborns of sub-Saharan mothers compared to 2.3%–2.5% of the rest (other immigrant populations plus native populations). The populations from Latin America had a higher risk of cesarean sections (21.6%) and macrosomia (8.7%). Women from Eastern Europe had a lower percentage of cesarean sections (15.9%). The Maghreb population had a lower percentage of cesarean sections (15.5%) and a lower birth weight (3.2%). However, a higher macrosomia percentage of 10.7% was observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences are observed in the risk during pregnancy and in the newborn between the immigrant and the national population. These data corroborate the exposure to greater risk by the immigrant population, a preventive approach and early treatment is necessary to avoid complications in the mother and the newborn.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Haemoglobinopathy Diagnostic Techniques—The Ghanaian Picture and the Way Forward: A Narrative Review","authors":"Stephen Twumasi,&nbsp;Angela Opoku,&nbsp;Allwell Adofo Ayirebi,&nbsp;Esther Serwaa,&nbsp;Daniel Nii Martey Antonio","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although there are efficient methods for diagnosing haemoglobinopathies all over the world, their widespread application in Ghana is constrained by cost, infrastructure issues, and restricted access. In this narrative review, haemoglobinopathy diagnostic methods are compared, including assessment of their use in Ghanaian healthcare. In addition, methods to enhance early diagnosis and disease treatment are suggested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A narrative review of papers published on haemoglobinopathies screening, and haemoglobin variants diagnosis were culled from three search engines, namely, PubMed, Mendeley, and Google Scholar. The search was limited to studies done in humans only and no language restrictions were used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Thematic Overview</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Ghana, traditional techniques like cellulose acetate haemoglobin electrophoresis are still the most popular, whereas more advanced techniques like molecular diagnostics, isoelectric focusing, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are not available. Novel point-of-care diagnostics are not yet commonly used, but they have potential for adoption in rural areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased infant and prenatal screening programs, molecular techniques and point-of-care testing investments, healthcare worker training, and primary care integration are all necessary to improve haemoglobinopathy diagnosis in Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium in Foods, Animals, and Human Origin in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Negar Narimisa,&nbsp;Shabnam Razavi,&nbsp;Faramarz Masjedian Jazi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a globally significant foodborne pathogen, with Typhimurium being one of the most prevalent serotypes linked to foodborne illnesses. Despite its importance, there is a notable absence of meta-analytical studies examining the prevalence of this bacterium in Iran. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium in food, animals, and human populations in Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on the prevalence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium published from 1936 to December 2023 were gathered from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SID. The data collected were analyzed using Stata software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria for the analysis of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium prevalence in clinical and environmental isolates in Iran. The overall prevalence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium in total isolates from food, animals, and human sources was determined to be 4% (95% CI: 3%–6%). Additionally, the analysis revealed a nearly stable trend in the prevalence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium over the years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relatively high prevalence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium in animal isolates underscores the necessity for implementing stricter infection control measures. Furthermore, it is essential to establish appropriate diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for screening this pathogen across various sample types to mitigate its spread.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}