Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Quality of Youth-Friendly Service and Associated Factors at the Public Health Facilities of Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Mixed Study","authors":"Gashaw Alamineh,&nbsp;Alemtsehay Mekonnen Munae,&nbsp;Melash Belachew Asiresie,&nbsp;Mekonen Melkie Bizuneh,&nbsp;Zemenu Shiferaw Yadita","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents and young adults necessitate access to quality health services that cater to their needs as they transition into adulthood. However, research from both the developed and developing nations reveals services tailored to this demographic are often vary greatly in quality. Moreover, there′s a dearth of data on the standard of youth-friendly health services in our research area. Therefore, this study assessed the quality of youth-friendly service, and associated factors in the public health facilities of the Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mixed study (cross-sectional and phenomenological-qualitative) was conducted between March 14 and April 19, 2023, involving 619 adolescents across 10 health facilities. A systematic random sampling was employed. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and a standard checklist. Assessment of youth-friendly health services quality utilized the Donabedian framework. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None of the health facilities met the ≥ 75% across all quality components. The process-related quality showed the most significant shortcomings. Factors associated with client satisfaction (output-related quality) included: age (15–19) (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.96), shorter time to reach the facility (≤ 30 min) (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.42), nonpayment for services (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.008, 2.22), and shorter waiting times (≤ 30 min) (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.84). Financial constraints, staff turnover, long wait times, payment requirements, and high client loads emerged as barriers in qualitative findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent and youth-friendly health services fell below WHO′s quality standards. Structure-related quality affected by insufficient trained staff, unavailability of guidelines/protocols, and lack of adolescent involvement in facility governance. Process quality suffered from providers′ non-compliance with national guidelines. Improvements need training in client handling, involving youth in governance, and ensuring provider adherence to guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Liver Knows: Preoperative MELD Score as a Predictor of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Mohamed Elbayomi,&nbsp;Presheet Pathare,&nbsp;Raphael Groß,&nbsp;Friedrich Mellert,&nbsp;Oliver Dewald","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Right-side heart failure (RSHF) jeopardizes left ventricular assist device (LVAD) short- and long-term outcomes. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is an effective means of evaluating liver dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the predictive utility of preoperative MELD on post-LVAD implantation outcomes, specifically focusing on the incidence of RSHF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center retrospective cohort study included 133 patients who received durable continuous-flow LVADs with a centrifugal pump from 2015 to 2022. The primary outcome was RSHF, defined as necessitating right ventricular (RV), temporary or durable, mechanical support. The research hypothesis was that a high preoperative MELD score is associated with a higher incidence of RSHF after LVAD implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall post-LVAD RSHF incidence was 18% (<i>n</i> = 24), and 90-day mortality was 30% (<i>n</i> = 40). The mean MELD score was 14.7 (±6.9). RSHF was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (Peasrson's chi-squared = 37.86, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The RSHF group had a higher mean MELD score of 18.7 (±2), whereas the control group had a mean MELD score of 13.8 (±0.5). The mean MELD difference between the RSHF and non-RSHF groups was 4.75 (95% CI: 1.7–7.7), with the RSHF group having a higher mean and (18.7 ± 2, <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to the control group (14 ± 0.5, <i>p</i> = 0.002). The incidence of RSHF did not statistically differ between INTERMACS groups (<i>p</i> = 0.35). Preoperative MELD score was an independent predictor of RSHF in a multivariable logistic regression model, including age, EuroSCORE-2, and INTERMACS categories (OR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.15; <i>p</i> = 0.009).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preoperative MELD score may predict the incidence of postoperative RSHF in LVAD patients. Candidates with elevated MELD scores should be carefully evaluated for alternative therapeutic modalities or optimized aggressively before LVAD implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Fever Knowledge and Awareness Among University Students in Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Waheed A. M. Ali,&nbsp;Jamil M. A. S. Obaid,&nbsp;Asmaa Alsolihy,&nbsp;Najla M. K. Almekhlafy,&nbsp;Wafa S. Alqadasy,&nbsp;Laila N. Alabsi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of great health threat in Yemen. DF is an endemic disease with many outbreaks in Taiz governorate. Among Yemeni communities, university students play an important role in increasing knowledge and good health practices to fight DF. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the DF knowledge and prevention awareness level of this community section.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was carried out between January and June 2023 among undergraduate students from public and private universities in Taiz City, Yemen. The sample size was 400 students. Participants from different academic levels of different colleges were selected using the stratified random method. Knowledge of dengue fever and prevention awareness was assessed using a validated questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire consists of three groups of questions: personal characteristics, general knowledge, and prevention awareness of DF. The question answers were dichotomous: correct and incorrect. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and <i>χ</i>² and Odds Ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) for association using SPSS 21.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall knowledge score of the respondents was 22.2% as good, 68.8% as moderate, and 9% as poor knowledge; meanwhile, that of awareness was 52.8%, 35.7%, and 11.5% respectively. The domain-specific percentages of correct answers were 57.3%, 61.9%, 83%, 55.3%, and 82.9% for symptoms, causative agent, transmission, clinical management, and prevention awareness. The medical students exhibited higher overall general knowledge and prevention than nonmedical students (OR, 1.912, 95% CI, 1.166–3.134; <i>p</i> = 0.013).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most university students in Taiz exhibited moderate overall knowledge of dengue fever, with strong preventive awareness. Efforts should be made to increase knowledge levels and preventive awareness, specifically among university students, as this will empower them to take proactive measures against dengue fever and promote effective health practices within their communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Liquid Medications and Dental Caries: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mohammed Taib Fatih,&nbsp;Mohammed Khalid Mahmood,&nbsp;Handren Ameer Kurda,&nbsp;Herve Tassery,&nbsp;Romain Lan,&nbsp;Delphine Tardivo,&nbsp;Mohammed Aso Abdulghafor","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with chronic conditions such as heart diseases, asthma, severe respiratory infections, epilepsy, organ failure, tumors, and recurring acute diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, or even iron and vitamin supplements are taking pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) for long durations. There is a growing concern and evidence in the literature about the harmful effects of PLMs on dentitions. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on PLM consumption as a risk factor for dental caries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An electronic search was conducted across various databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar using the relevant MeSH terms and keywords “liquid medication,” “pediatric liquid medication,” “chronically ill children,” “children,” “dental caries,” “dental erosion,” “sugar content of medications,” and “endogenous pH of medications”.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 33 studies were included in this narrative review. Some reports have linked the usage of PLMs in chronically ill children to dental erosion and caries. Physiochemical properties of PLM solutions, such as their sugar content and endogenous pH define their carcinogenicity and erosive potential. Indeed, several in vitro studies reported the erosive potential of PLMs on dental hard tissue structure when viewed under scanning electron microscopes. Some other studies have focused on the role of pediatricians, dentists, and families/parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies support a positive association and suggest a higher caries risk experience among chronically ill children that consume PLMs. A multidisciplinary collaboration is needed between pediatricians, dentists, manufacturers and families to maximize the benefits of PLMs and minimizing its possible harms on oral health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remdesivir Versus Sotrovimab in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Saeed Khorramnia,&nbsp;Zia Navidi,&nbsp;Ali Sarkoohi,&nbsp;Mojgan Mohajeri Iravani,&nbsp;Amirhossein Orandi,&nbsp;Amirali Orandi,&nbsp;Samrand Fattah Ghazi,&nbsp;Ehsan Fallah,&nbsp;Ebadallah Shiri Malekabad,&nbsp;Seyed Hamid Pakzad Moghadam","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remdesivir and Sotrovimab have emerged as potential treatment options for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of these two drugs in the context of COVID-19 management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar up to July 2024. The effectiveness outcomes examined included mortality rate, hospitalization rate, emergency department visits, ICU admission, and adverse events. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions was evaluated using a standardized tool, and data from the identified studies were meticulously analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis incorporated a total of 9 studies involving 7841 patients. The meta-analysis findings indicated no significant disparity between the Remdesivir and Sotrovimab groups concerning mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–24.11, <i>p</i> = 0.20), hospitalization rate (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 0.85–5.22, <i>p</i> = 0.10), emergency department visit (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.11–5.62, <i>p</i> = 0.82), and intensive care unit (2.37, 95% CI: 0.18–29.90, <i>p</i> = 0.50). Moreover, comparable rates of adverse events were observed across both groups (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.39–2.47, <i>p</i> = 0.97). The certainty of evidence for these findings was rated as low or moderate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study findings suggest that there is no significant difference in effectiveness between Remdesivir and Sotrovimab in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to provide a more comprehensive comparison of these interventions for COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Use Time and Mental Health of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh","authors":"Sudipta Das,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Zubayer,&nbsp;Marzia F. Snigdha,&nbsp;Md. Fahim Uddin,&nbsp;Mubin Khan Afridi,&nbsp;Kazi F. J. Kanak,&nbsp;Mohammad Kibria,&nbsp;Afroja Akter,&nbsp;Israt Jahan,&nbsp;Ashfia M. Rafa,&nbsp;Hasan M. Kamran,&nbsp;Safayet Jamil,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Biswas","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social media (SM) use has gained much popularity among young adults, which could impact their mental health. The association between SM use time and young adults' mental health in Bangladesh has been less researched.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the association between SM use time and mental health among young adults in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional data were collected from 440 young adults aged 18–35 from two districts in Bangladesh: Dhaka and Cumilla. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire, including their socio-demographic characteristics, SM use time, and mental health disorders—depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety were assessed by PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively. SPSS version 22 was used to perform data analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 440 participants, 29.5% used SM for &lt; 2 h/day, 36.6% used for 2–4 h/day, and 33.9% used for &gt; 4 h/day. The crude analysis showed that participants who used SM for &gt; 4 h/day had significantly higher odds of depression than those who used &lt; 2 h/day (OR = 2.094, 95% CI: 1.245, 3.522, <i>p</i> = 0.005). The association also remains significant after adjusting for socio-demographic variables (OR = 2.158, 95% CI: 1.241, 3.753, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Also, this study showed that using SM for &gt; 4 h/day was associated with increased odds of anxiety both in crude and adjusted models (OR = 1.864, 95% CI: 1.041, 3.337, <i>p</i> = 0.036) and (OR = 1.945, 95% CI: 1.054, 3.587, <i>p</i> = 0.033), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows that using SM for more than 4 h a day is significantly associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety among young adults. A more robust study should be carried out to determine the setting limits for daily SM use that could help reduce the burden of mental health disorders among Bangladeshi young adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Progress of Health Information Technology in Iran","authors":"Azita Balaghafari,&nbsp;Hasan Siamian","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health information technology (HIT) is a vital field within medical science that emerged in the early 2000s to meet the growing demand for IT solutions in healthcare. This article aims to provide an overview of HIT, focusing on the educational programs available, their enrollment capacity across various courses, and the advancements in HIT within Iranian medical universities from its inception to the present day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study compiles comprehensive information regarding the educational programs, detailing their components, historical development, including past curriculum units, establishment years of different university degrees, and student enrollment capacities across Iranian universities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings outline the characteristics of the curriculum, including unit details and semester structures within the School of Allied Medical Sciences. Additionally, it highlights the development and progress of educational programs, past curricula, course units, establishment years of various university courses, and student enrollment capacities nationwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sheds light on the development of HIT in Iran, which began in the 1980s in response to the increasing need for IT in healthcare. The transition from paper-based medical records to electronic systems in the 1990s marked a significant shift, leading to the rebranding of medical documentation as HIT. This transition has established a modern framework for knowledge management and secure information exchange in the health sector. The article defines HIT, discusses its background, and provides an overview of educational processes along with changes and diversity in course offerings and student attraction within Iranian medical universities. This perspective has been developed over many years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance: Mechanisms, Case Studies, and Mitigation Approaches","authors":"Abubakar Nazir,&nbsp;Awais Nazir,&nbsp;Varisha Zuhair,&nbsp;Shafaq Aman,&nbsp;Safi Ur Rehman Sadiq,&nbsp;Abdul Haseeb Hasan,&nbsp;Maryam Tariq,&nbsp;Latif Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Mubarak Jolayemi Mustapha,&nbsp;Deusdedith Boniphace Bulimbe","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is projected to cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050 if left unaddressed, posing a severe threat to global health and modern medicine. This review analyzes the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance and evaluates global efforts aimed at containment to identify actionable strategies to mitigate AMR's escalating impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature review was performed using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, focusing on peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2024. Search terms included “antibiotic resistance,” “resistance mechanisms,” “horizontal gene transfer,” and “AMR epidemiology.” A total of 152 articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria relevant to resistance mechanisms, epidemiological data, clinical outcomes, and public health interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings underscore three dominant resistance pathways: target site modification, enzymatic degradation (e.g., β-lactamases), and horizontal gene transfer via plasmids and transposons. Notably, resistance to last-resort antibiotics (e.g., colistin, carbapenems) is rising in pathogens such as <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, with treatment failure rates exceeding 50% in some regions. Surveillance gaps and unregulated antibiotic use, especially in LMICs, further accelerate resistance spread. Only a limited number of new antibiotic classes have been approved since 2010, underscoring the innovation gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AMR is a quantifiable, escalating crisis that undermines decades of progress in infectious disease control. Tackling it requires coordinated action: strengthening antimicrobial stewardship, incentivizing antibiotic R&amp;D, integrating environmental and clinical surveillance under One Health frameworks, and implementing global policy reforms. Without prompt action, AMR could surpass cancer in annual mortality by mid-century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Among Cisgender Women in Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Roseline Dzekem Dine,&nbsp;Giulia Muraca,&nbsp;Behnam Sadeghirad,&nbsp;Lawrence Mbuagbaw","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the availability of HIV preventive measures, new HIV infections are still on the rise. The Dapivirine Vaginal Ring (DVR) is a silicone circular ring that continuously distributes 25 mg of Dapivirine into a woman's vagina for 28 days to prevent HIV infection; however, the effectiveness of DVR is largely dependent on adherence. To date, adherence to DVR has not been aggregated and summarized. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence on adherence to DVR for HIV-1 prevention among African women and to aggregate findings into a quantitative estimate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We will conduct a systematic review of studies in which DVR has been used to prevent HIV-1 in African women. We will search MEDLINE, Global Health, CINAHL, and EMBASE from database inception to December 2024. We will include observational studies and randomized trials of women between 15 and 49 years of age, resident in Africa, who have used the DVR. Our primary outcome will be adherence to DVR. Pairs of reviewers will independently screen for eligible studies and will extract relevant data. We will perform a random-effects meta-analysis for DVR adherence. Certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis will contribute to a better understanding of how DVR adherence aids in preventing HIV-1 infection in women, as well as the factors that influence observed adherence. Its findings can provide important foundational knowledge for future research and innovation in DVR and other PrEP tools. Findings from this protocol article will be disseminated as peer-reviewed publications, at conferences, and as part of a master's thesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Aging, Immunosenescence, and Inflammaging: Implications for Vaccine Response in Older Adults","authors":"Shahab Falahi,&nbsp;Amir Abdoli,&nbsp;Azra Kenarkoohi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population aging is a significant demographic change while vaccines are mostly made for children and young adults and their effectiveness might be low in the older population. Age-associated decline in the immune function (immunosenescence) is a process that may lead to poor vaccine response in the older population. This comprehensive review aims to discuss changes in the immune system with age and their impact on vaccine response to develop strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy in the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This literature review on how the immune system changes with age and affects vaccine responses in older adults was carried out by examining English-language publications. The search involved relevant keywords such as “Antibody response,” “Vaccine Efficacy,” “Vaccine Response,” “Immune Aging,” “Immunosenescence,” “Inflammaging,” and “Older Adults” across multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-related changes in the immune system, such as structural changes in lymphatic tissues, a decrease in the number of naive cells, an increase in the number of dysfunctional memory cells, along with a change in the microbiota profile and its contribution to inflammaging and an increase in the number of senescent cells are factors that lead to vaccine effectiveness decreases with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A deeper understanding of age-related alterations and their effect on vaccine efficacy can provide new insights into the enhancement of vaccine-induced immunity in the older population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}