The Association of Serum Level of TGF-β1 and Clinical Manifestations in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case-Control Study

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI:10.1002/hsr2.70960

Fatemeh Bakhshipour, Bita Bandar, Fatemeh Bineshfar, Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard, Azar Babaahmadi, Najmaldin Saki, Kaveh Jaseb

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited red blood cell disorder resulting from the polymerization of Hemoglobin S. Acute vaso-occlusive crisis and multiple organ damage are the most common complications of SCA. Because of its multifunctional role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and fibrosis, TGF-β₁ could be involved in SCA development, which may explain a variety of symptoms associated with this disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of TGF-β₁ as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting the types of SCA clinical manifestations and highlights the complication frequency in this group.

Methods

The level of TGF-β₁ in serum was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 98 SCA patients and 98 healthy individuals without any history of hemoglobinopathies, who served as the control group. Moreover, a questionnaire was completed for each patient to determine the type of clinical symptoms they experienced. Analysis of data was conducted on SPSS 26 using descriptive statistics like frequency distribution and central tendency measures.

Results

The laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were lower in SCA patients compared to the control group, and white blood count (WBC), red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher in these patients. No significant correlation was observed between laboratory parameters and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β₁) level (p > 0.05). The serum TGF-β₁ level was higher in patients, but there was no significant correlation between TGF-β₁ level and the type of clinical symptoms in these patients.

Conclusion

We observed a higher prevalence of certain complications in SCA patients in the Arab population of Khuzestan Province. There was no significant correlation between the clinical manifestation of SCA and TGF-β₁.

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镰状细胞性贫血患者血清TGF-β1水平与临床表现的关系：一项病例对照研究

背景和目的镰状细胞性贫血（SCA）是一种由血红蛋白s聚合引起的遗传性红细胞疾病。急性血管闭塞危像和多器官损害是SCA最常见的并发症。由于其在炎症、内皮功能障碍和纤维化中的多功能作用，TGF-β1可能参与SCA的发展，这可以解释与该疾病相关的各种症状。本研究旨在探讨TGF-β1作为无创生物标志物在预测SCA临床表现类型中的作用，并强调该组的并发症发生频率。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测98例SCA患者和98例无血红蛋白病史的健康人血清中TGF-β1的水平。此外，每位患者都完成了一份问卷，以确定他们所经历的临床症状类型。数据分析在SPSS 26上使用频率分布和集中趋势测度等描述性统计进行。结果SCA患者血红蛋白、红细胞（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）等实验室指标均低于对照组，白细胞计数（WBC）、红细胞分布宽度变异系数（RDW-CV）、血小板计数、平均血小板体积（MPV）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）均高于对照组。实验参数与转化生长因子β1 （TGF-β1）水平无显著相关性（p > 0.05）。患者血清TGF-β1水平较高，但TGF-β1水平与患者临床症状类型无显著相关性。结论：我们观察到在胡齐斯坦省的阿拉伯人群中，SCA患者某些并发症的发生率较高。SCA的临床表现与TGF-β1无显著相关性。

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