Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Ginger as a Potential Remedy for Periodontitis Treatment: A Review on the Present Evidence","authors":"Reza Arefnehzad,&nbsp;Mohammad Gerayeli,&nbsp;Shabnam Ganjeh,&nbsp;Ashkan Badkoob,&nbsp;Ali Nassajzadeh,&nbsp;Reza mahmoudi,&nbsp;Mahsa Tebyani,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Fathi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory condition related to tooth-supporting tissues (e.g., the gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament) and affects 70%–80% of people globally. Periodontitis can be linked with some serious diseases, like cardiovascular disorders, oral cancer, and metabolic syndrome, and it has not been declared an ideal therapy with minimum side effects against it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this narrative review, we aimed to argue documents related to periodontitis and ginger therapy, with a particular focus on involved mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This literature review was conducted on the effects of ginger administration on periodontitis treatment by screening English documents by searching related keywords, including “Periodontitis,” “Periodontal diseases,” “Periodontal disorders,” “Ginger,” “<i>In vitro</i>,” “<i>In vivo</i>,” “Experimental,” “Preclinical, “and” “Clinical” in different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scientific Information Databases until February 5, 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbal medicine using ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) has gathered much attention in different societies due to its various pharmacological benefits, for instance, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, chemoprotective, and immunoprotective activities. Recently, some preclinical and clinical papers have emphasized the anti-periodontitis influences of ginger through various mechanisms, such as repressing Gram-negative bacteria involved in disease pathogenesis, suppressing inflammatory mediators, improving periodontal parameters, and potentiating antioxidant deference system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ginger would be an effective natural product that may diminish the inflammation and tissue damage caused by periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Imaging Techniques (PET, fMRI, DTI) in Early Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review","authors":"Santosh Kishor Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Jayanthi Arthanari,&nbsp;Kiran Kishor Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gaviria,&nbsp;Singam Shashank,&nbsp;Achint Jethi,&nbsp;Jobby John,&nbsp;Sahana Bopparaju,&nbsp;Indra Potulapati,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdul Mateen,&nbsp;Omniat Amir Hussin","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70855","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and vascular and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are characterized by progressive cognitive and motor decline. So, timely detection, especially early in the disease process, is crucial. Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) are advanced neuroimaging techniques that have shown promise for early diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of PET, fMRI, and DTI in the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on phase 2 and 3 clinical trials involving adult patients with AD, PD, and FTD. Studies were assessed for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and identification of early biomarkers using PET, fMRI, and DTI. Data were extracted and analyzed from 14 selected studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PET imaging with tracers like 18F-flortaucipir provided visualization of amyloid and tau aggregates in AD and dopaminergic changes in PD. PET showed a strong association with amyloid and tau pathology in AD, with up to 95% diagnostic performance. Another useful technique in identifying early changes in the brain networks was resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), with a diagnostic accuracy of 80%–95%. DTI offered essential data on white matter connectivity and showed microstructural alterations that pointed to early neurodegenerative processes. Integrating these neuroimaging modalities with machine learning models further enhanced diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PET, fMRI, and DTI are valuable tools for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. These techniques can identify structural and functional changes in the brain before the onset of clinical signs. Integrating these imaging techniques with machine learning improves diagnostic outcomes. Further large-scale studies with standardized methodologies are needed to validate these findings and implement these techniques in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Knowledge and Self-Examination Practices Among University Female Students in Dinajpur, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sabiha Nagnin Hasi,&nbsp;Sumaya Tabassum,&nbsp;Rifah Tamanna Arny,&nbsp;Mst. Dilara Pervin,&nbsp;Md. Golam Hossain,&nbsp;Farhana Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Kaderi Kibria","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with increasing incidence rates in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Understanding BC awareness and self-examination practices among young women is essential for enhancing early detection and prevention efforts. This study aims to assess BC awareness, knowledge of risk factors, and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among female university students in Dinajpur District, Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 undergraduate and postgraduate female students at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) from May 12 to June 20, 2024. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews, which collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, BC awareness, risk factors, and self-examination practices. Descriptive statistics, percentages, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. SPSS (version 26.0) and R software (version 4.0.2) were employed for statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that 92.4% of participants had heard of BC, with social media being the primary source of information. Although 88.4% recognized the importance of early detection, only 19.1% practiced BC screening, and 2.8% had undergone mammography. While 51.8% reported awareness of BSE, only 4.8% performed it regularly. Significant barriers to BSE included a lack of knowledge (70.7%) and concerns about effectiveness or privacy. Socioeconomic factors were found to significantly influence BC awareness, with rural students and those from lower-income families exhibiting lower awareness. Additionally, students relying on family income or scholarships had lower awareness compared to those in business.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights a high level of BC awareness among female university students, but significant gaps remain in self-examination practices and practical engagement. Socioeconomic status and income sources are key factors influencing BC awareness. Targeted educational interventions are needed to address these gaps and improve early detection and preventive practices among female university students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Community Prevalence of Vitamin C Deficiency and Inadequacy—How Does Australia Compare With Other Nations? A Scoping Review","authors":"Danielle M. Carter,&nbsp;Hiep N. Le,&nbsp;Hai Phung","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70943","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamin C is a vital nutrient for health and wellbeing and is essential for the prevention of and recovery from many conditions and diseases. This review aimed to map existing literature, identify knowledge gaps, and provide an overview of the community prevalence of vitamin C deficiency and inadequacy globally, based on serum levels. The Australian context is discussed in detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search using Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL was conducted for articles reporting on prevalence rates of vitamin C deficiency and/or inadequacy, with serum vitamin C levels, published from 2003 to 2023. Studies including hospitalised patients were excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 4842 unique studies identified, 107 met criteria for inclusion in the final review. Only 31 countries have conducted studies on community serum vitamin C levels in the last 20 years, with nationally representative studies lacking in all age groups, particularly in preschoolers, children, and adolescents (except for the US and Mexico). The prevalence of deficiency in high-income countries is likely between 0% and 15%, with current reference ranges underestimating overall inadequacy for optimal health, by approximately 33.6%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia and other nations around the world may have high levels of undetected vitamin C inadequacy which requires urgent investigation. Outdated reference ranges used for measuring serum vitamin C levels in Australia likely underestimate the prevalence of inadequacy. Serum vitamin C levels should be added as a biomarker to the next Australian Health Survey to assess community prevalence of deficiency and inadequacy. Screening guidelines for vitamin C deficiency and inadequacy should be established for use by Australian General Practitioners. The Australian Recommended Dietary Intake for vitamin C should be increased to align with levels that promote optimal health outcomes, rather than merely prevention of deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Poisoning Cases at Lumbini Medical College, Nepal: A 5-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Samata Nepal,&nbsp;Alok Atreya,&nbsp;Prakriti Regmi,&nbsp;Prasun Shrestha,&nbsp;Rishav Babu Shrestha,&nbsp;Laxmi Prasad Sapkota,&nbsp;Ritesh G. Menezes,&nbsp;Himal Ghimire,&nbsp;Suraj Dhakal,&nbsp;Shikha Pahari","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poisoning is a major global public health problem, disproportionately burdensome in low-resource healthcare settings. The objective of this study was to gain epidemiological insights into poisoning cases at Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital over a period of 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed of hospital records and 402 poisoning cases admitted to Lumbini Medical College between January 2019 and May 2024 were analyzed descriptively using SPSS V.27.0. The study meticulously documented a wide range of data, such as patient demographics, types of poisons, contexts for poisoning, clinical presentation, and medical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 402 cases, females predominated (61.2%, <i>n</i> = 246), with a median age of 26.5 years (IQR: 18.2–39.2). Pesticides, particularly organophosphates, were the leading agent (57.7%, <i>n</i> = 232), with self-harm as the primary reason (70.9%, <i>n</i> = 285), often linked to family conflict. Poisoning peaked in the evening, notably among females aged 25–44 years (42.3%, <i>n</i> = 170). Mortality was low (0.2%, <i>n</i> = 1), with 68.7% of patients receiving some form of psychiatric consultation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poisoning primarily involved young, married females using organophosphorus pesticides for self-harm, often due to family conflict and mental health issues, with most receiving psychiatric consultation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting Gastric Juice Melatonin Levels in Relation to Gastroduodenal Pathologies Among Zambian Patients: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Jonathan Sibande,&nbsp;Mutinta Nyama Hankolwe,&nbsp;Paul Kelly,&nbsp;Violet Kayamba","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melatonin is a hormone released from the pineal gland and enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The influence of melatonin on gastric pathologies is not fully investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between fasting gastric juice melatonin levels and gastroduodenal pathologies among Zambian patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia. We collected morning fasting gastric juice samples from patients presenting for oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) to quantify levels of melatonin using commercial ELISA kits. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect baseline characteristics. Data were analyzed in Stata version 15.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected gastric juice from 175 patients with a median age of 49 years, IQR (40–65). The number of females was 95 (54%) and males 80 (46%). Of these, 100 (57%) had normal OGD examinations, 49 (28%) peptic ulcers, 25 (14%) gastric cancer and 1 (1%) gastric polyp. The median level of melatonin in normal patients was 141.8 pg/mL, IQR (46.2–500.1). In those with gastroduodenal pathologies, the median was 339.4 pg/mL, IQR (101.8–500.1) and the difference was statistically significant, <i>p</i> = 0.02. Results also revealed significantly higher levels of melatonin among patients with history of cigarette smoking, <i>p</i> = 0.003.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is an association between gastroduodenal pathology and morning gastric juice melatonin levels, a finding whose biological significance warrants further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Difficult Vascular Anatomy in Transulnar Versus Transradial Access for Cardiac Catheterization in Propensity Score-Matched Cohorts","authors":"Mona Maria Grewe,&nbsp;Franziska Fochler,&nbsp;Peter Hubert Grewe,&nbsp;Lars Maier,&nbsp;Christian Schmidt,&nbsp;Kirstin Meier,&nbsp;Tobias Roeschl","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transradial access (TRA) is used with a Class IA recommendation for coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Difficult vascular anatomy (DVA) of the forearm arteries is a challenge to its success. Transulnar artery access (TUA) may constitute a viable alternative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this single-center study, we retrospectively compared the prevalence of DVA at the forearm arteries in 2565 consecutive cases of CA/PCI (2403 TRA and 162 TUA) between 2019 and 2022. DVA was classified as zeroth-degree if the forearm could be passed with a standard 0.035″ guidewire. First-degree was defined if a standard 0.035″ guidewire had to be switched to a hydrophilic 0.035″ or a 0.018″ guidewire to successfully reach the brachial artery and second-degree DVA if the forearm arteries could not be passed with any guidewire leading to procedural failure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the overall cohort, DVA was significantly more prevalent in TRA versus TUA (zeroth-degree, first-degree, second-degree: 90.3%, 7.2%, and 2.5% vs. 96.9%, 3.1%, and 0%, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.008). After 4:1 propensity score matching, second-degree DVA remained more prevalent in TRA versus TUA (2.9% (<i>n</i> = 648) vs. 0% (<i>n</i> = 162, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001)).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our retrospective analysis, primary TUA was found to be superior to TRA regarding DVA at the forearm arteries. TUA may present a superior alternative to TRA for CA/PCI in the era of ultrasound-guided arterial access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphisms rs2074292 of the MAP3K14 Gene and rs1883832 of the CD40 Gene and Breast Cancer in Women in Burkina Faso: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Mousso Savadogo,&nbsp;Lassina Traoré,&nbsp;Abdou Azaque Zouré,&nbsp;Touwendpoulimdé Isabelle Kiendrebeogo,&nbsp;Pegdwende Abel Sorgho,&nbsp;Soayebo Dabre,&nbsp;Aida Djé Djénéba Traore,&nbsp;Sidonie Ilboudo,&nbsp;Nafissatou Sanon,&nbsp;Marc Donald Wilfried Adico,&nbsp;Minane Nafissa Triande,&nbsp;Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Alexis Yobi Sawadogo,&nbsp;Nayi Zongo,&nbsp;Hierrhum Aboubacar Bambara,&nbsp;Christelle M. W. Nadembega,&nbsp;Florencia W. Djigma,&nbsp;Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The leading mammary cancer in Burkina Faso, breast cancer has a variety of origins. In fact, an alteration in the <i>MAP3K14</i> [GenBank: NC_000017.11, ID: 9020] and CD40 [GenBank: NC_000020.11, ID: 958] genes can lead to the development of breast cancer. The goal of this study is to highlight the possible involvement of the polymorphisms rs2074292 in the <i>MAP3K14</i> gene and rs1883832 in the <i>CD40</i> gene in the development of breast cancer in women in Burkina Faso.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and fifty-two (152) participants, including 71 patients versus 81 controls, took part in this case-control study. Real-time PCR was used for genotyping the two polymorphisms (rs2074292 and rs1883832), and the <i>χ</i>² test was used for risk assessment by calculating odds ratios, confidence intervals, and <i>p</i> values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the <i>MAP3K14</i> gene, the allelic frequencies A and G, were respectively 54.40%, 35.25% in cases and 45.60%, 64.75% in controls. For the <i>CD40</i> gene, the C and T allelic frequencies were 48.15% and 35.29% in the cases and 51.85% and 64.71% in the controls, respectively. The rs2074292 polymorphism of the <i>MAP3K14</i> gene confers protection breast cancer with respectively the allele G (OR = 0.45 CI (95%) = 0.28–0.73; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and the heterozygote genotype AG (OR = 0.08 CI (95%) = 0.02–0.024; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) while, no association was established between the rs1883832 polymorphism of the <i>CD40</i> gene and the occurrence of breast cancer (OR = 0.58 CI (95%) = 0.27–1.23; <i>p</i> = 0.15).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rs2074292 polymorphism of the <i>MAP3K14</i> gene protects against progression to breast cancer in Burkina Faso. This study, therefore, contributes to an understanding of the role played by these two polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of this devastating disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommended Hematocrit in Patients With Sepsis: An Observational Study","authors":"Shih-Hong Chen,&nbsp;Linyi Chen","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sepsis is a critical condition requiring optimized clinical management, especially in terms of hematocrit. The relationship between early stage of hematocrit and mortality in patients with sepsis remains underexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational cohort study used data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Hematocrit within the first 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with sepsis was analyzed. The association of hematocrit with hospital and ICU mortality was assessed using generalized additive models, and inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to ensure the balanced distributions of variables between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed a pivotal hematocrit threshold of 33%. Below this value, the risks of all-cause hospital and ICU mortality significantly decreased. This nonlinear association underscores the importance of maintaining hematocrit above this value. Thus, hematocrit can serve as a critical marker for predicting clinical outcomes and improving patient management in the early phase of sepsis treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early management of hematocrit is critical in patients with sepsis; maintaining hematocrit above 33% can improve survival outcomes among these patients. These findings suggest that anemia treatment strategies in sepsis care should be re-evaluated, and they demonstrate the importance of personalized management of hematocrit for enhancing patient prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens: A Retrospective Study at a Primary Care Hospital in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Kyeremeh Adjei,&nbsp;Prosper Adjei","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections globally, with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance complicating their management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from urine samples at Methodist Hospital, Wenchi, Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study was conducted using data on urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing obtained from the Microbiology Unit of the Laboratory Department between March 2024 and January 2025.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 504 urine samples were analyzed, revealing a prevalence of urinary tract infections at 45.2%. The predominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, with <i>Klebsiella spp</i> (12.3%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (10.1%) being the most frequently isolated organisms. <i>Candida spp</i> were also identified in 5.8% of the samples. Females accounted for 74.6% of the infections, with the highest prevalence observed among individuals aged 20–40 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated significant resistance among bacterial isolates, with <i>Klebsiella spp</i> showing the highest resistance to Beta-lactams and Fluoroquinolones. Amikacin exhibited the lowest resistance rate (4.4%), making it a strong candidate for empirical therapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was demonstrated by 72.7% of bacterial isolates, with <i>Klebsiella spp</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> showing the highest MDR rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identified patterns of antimicrobial resistance highlight the critical importance of careful antibiotic selection to effectively manage urinary tract infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}