Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"A Prospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study on Factors Associations With Right Heart Thrombi and Pulmonary Embolism","authors":"Wendlassida Martin Nacanabo,&nbsp;Taryètba André Arthur Seghda,&nbsp;Djième Claudine Dah,&nbsp;Mureille Loya,&nbsp;Lamoudi Prisca Thiombiano,&nbsp;Wendlassida Léa Françoise Sawadogo,&nbsp;Ella Hatoula Lengani,&nbsp;Anna Tall/Thiam,&nbsp;Nobila Valentin Yameogo,&nbsp;André Koudnoaga Samadoulougou,&nbsp;Partice Zabsonre","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70825","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Floating thrombus of the right heart chambers is an uncommon diagnosis and is systematically associated with pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study is to describe the management and evolution of right intracavitary thrombi (TIC) in pulmonary embolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a prospective cohort that ran for 76 months from March 5, 2017 to July 31, 2023. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism were included. Two population groups were established according to the presence or absence of right intracavitary thrombus on Doppler echocardiography (intracavitary thrombi+ vs. intracavitary thrombi−) permitted to compare the risks factors. Thromboembolic risk factors, including the patient's background and clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects, were reported. A significance level of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 was used for data analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of emboli associated with intracavitary thrombi was 2.98%. Arterial hypotension, right ventricular dilatation, and deaths were significantly associated with right chamber thrombi with <i>p</i> = 0.0051 (OR: 4.14; IC 95%: 1.53–11.2); 0.0015 (OR: 4.4; IC 95%: 1.76–10.9); 0.00 (OR: 9.21; IC 95%: 3.69–23.3); 0.0313 (OR: 3.16; IC 95%: 1.10–9.02), respectively. Thrombolysis was performed in 70.58% of patients in the intracavitary thrombi+ group, compared with 11.93% in the intracavitary thrombi− group. The presence of intracavitary thrombi+ was associated with a high mortality rate of 35.29% compared with 9.82% in the intracavitary thrombi− group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The discovery of a thrombus of the right heart, although rare, is not exceptional. Their management is the subject of controversy between learned societies. Thrombolysis is the only therapeutic option in this context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Arteriovenous Fistula Care Among End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Single-Center, Prospective Cohort Study in Nepal","authors":"Santosh Dev,&nbsp;Prajjwol Luitel,&nbsp;Birendra Sah,&nbsp;Bivek Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Barsha Dev,&nbsp;Ishwor Thapaliya,&nbsp;Kajan Raj Shrestha,&nbsp;Uttam Krishna Shrestha","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70823","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of complications arising from the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) site for hemodialysis (HD) can be prevented through the implementation of a daily self-care plan. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) regarding AVF self-care preoperative, postoperative, and during follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in Nepal. It included ESKD patients over 18 years with AVF. Patients were interviewed preoperative, postoperative, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. KAP was assessed as percentages, and associations were analyzed using the <i>χ</i>² test. Score comparisons over time used the paired <i>t</i>-test, with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 173 AVF patients, 98.8% had poor knowledge preoperative, while 98.3% had good knowledge postoperative, with significant improvement in the overall score of knowledge (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Initially, 97.1% were motivated towards self-care, but this dropped to 78.0% by the 6th week. Most patients practiced weight-bearing prevention, cleaning, and drying, but fewer practiced daily verification of fluid thrill and exercise with malleable balls. Postoperative knowledge acquisition significantly correlated with male sex and higher socioeconomic status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the majority of patients undergoing HD planned for AVF exhibited a favorable attitude towards fistula care, their knowledge was poor. Knowledge significantly improved with follow-ups, but motivation for self-care decreased over time. Patients' practices generally aligned with knowledge scores, emphasizing the importance of regular reminders and periodic evaluations by healthcare workers for practical aspects of AVF care for all ESKD patients undergoing HD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Training Modalities in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Prehypertension or Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Lu Tian,&nbsp;Siyu Yang,&nbsp;Yulan Hu,&nbsp;Jinrui Cui,&nbsp;Xiaobei Guo,&nbsp;Zongfeng Liao,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70580","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The question of how to choose the right type of exercise to lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in people worldwide with high blood pressure is not yet fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various exercise training on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among young and middle-aged adults with prehypertension or hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Systematic review and network meta-analysis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We searched five electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compare exercise training versus a sedentary or sham control group in young and middle-aged adults with prehypertension or hypertension. Review Manager 5.3, Stata15.0, and R4.2.1 software estimated the efficacy of exercise training modalities.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We included 19 eligible articles with 1590 participants to assess five exercise trainings. Our findings indicated that low-middle intensity aerobic exercise (mean difference (MD) = −8.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −13.58, −2.58) was superior to all exercise strategies (high-intensity aerobic exercise: MD = −6.53, 95% CI = −12.51, −0.56; high-intensity resistance exercise: MD = −4.95, 95% CI = −11.07, 1.17; low-middle-intensity resistance exercise: MD = −3.49, 95% CI = −12.36, 5.39) compared with control group in lowering systolic blood pressure. Compared with the control strategy, high-intensity resistance exercise (MD = −4.75, 95% CI = −8.00, −1.50), high-intensity aerobic exercise (MD = −4.27, 95% CI = −7.08, −1.45) could lower diastolic blood pressure. The effects of different exercise patterns on cardiovascular risk factors, the results indicated that only low-middle-intensity aerobic exercise significantly improved body mass index (MD = −0.55, 95% CI = −7.08, −1.45), total cholesterol (MD = −19.07, 95% CI = −36.42, −1.72), triglycerides (MD = −14.32, 95% CI = −23.16, −5.48), high-density lipoprotein (MD = 2.29, 95% CI = 0.85, 3.73), and low-density lipoprotein (MD = −13.90, 95% CI = −22.18, −5.63). In addition, no intervention affects heart rate.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared with other types of exercise, aerobic exercise can significantly improve systolic blood pressure, while high-intensity resistance or aerobic exercise may significantly improve diastolic blood pressure. In addition, ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marburg Virus Disease: A Narrative Review","authors":"Arash Letafati,&nbsp;Somayeh Sadat Hosseini Fakhr,&nbsp;Ali Qaraee Najafabadi,&nbsp;Negin Karami,&nbsp;Hassan Karami","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70669","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the recent deadly outbreaks of the Marburg virus (MARV), in early 2023 in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea, and the most recent one in Rwanda in 2024, there has been renewed attention across Africa on the threat posed by the re-emergence of MARV as a growing concern for public health. Therefore, it needs to provide a comprehensive overview of the virus and its related infections, encompassing virus classification, historical outbreaks, transmission dynamics, the intricate interface between the virus and its hosts, the methods of diagnosis, core prevention strategies, and current therapeutic options, to better understand the virus and the disease characteristics in responding to future outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this review, four scientific online databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched for peer-reviewed journal papers (original, case reports/series, and review studies) published in English language using the following keywords: Filovirus, Marburg virus, Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever, Marburg virus disease, and Marburg virus outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MARV shares similarities with its close cousin —the Ebola virus [EBOV]—in terms of viral characteristics and most clinical features. These two viruses are of animal origin and primarily spread to humans through infected bats (both direct and indirect close contact), which serve as the common natural host reservoirs. The potential for interhuman transmission, coupled with the ability to cross borders of endemic regions combined with the absence of a licensed vaccine and effective treatment, have made MARV a significant threat to human health. This virus is clinically characterized by a range of symptoms and organ dysfunctions. The disease is often fatal in a significant proportion of infected individuals. This viral infection is diagnosed by various diagnostic tools, prevented mainly through personal protective measures, and treated usually with clinical management and supportive care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The outbreaks of MARV are continuously threaten public health; therefore, the world must be alert and well-prepared. For MVD, taking precautions along with investing in research and preparedness at regional, national, and global levels is of crucial importance and should be prioritized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?","authors":"Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie,&nbsp;Ruth Oyawole Sikeola,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe,&nbsp;Elijah Paintsil,&nbsp;Kwasi Torpey,&nbsp;Osbourne Quaye","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS to a manageable chronic condition even though no cure exists. Despite ART control, latent HIV infection results in failed memory CD4 T-cell responses, immune overactivation, inflammation, oxidative stress, genomic instability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and premature CD4 T-cell ageing. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress can cause mitochondrial DNA damage, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and premature aging in people living with HIV (PLWH). This review outlines current knowledge in oxidative stress among PLWH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched for literature conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2013 to December 2023. A total of 75 studies from 22 countries were identified, with 52 studies carried out in human participants, 17 studies in cell lines, and 6 studies in animal models to assess oxidative stress levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An increased oxidative stress with no changes in antioxidant levels was reported in HIV-positive smokers, and those on substance abuse. Long-term ART usage showed high levels of oxidative protein products and low levels of antioxidants when compared to short-term ART usage. The use of supplements such as N-acetylcysteine, selenium, and silibinin in animal models and cell lines showed increased cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species, and increased antioxidant levels, which are promising therapeutic interventions that should be studied in PLWH to further help improve their disease outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying extracts from natural and synthetic products with antioxidant effects will improve the general well-being of PLWH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight/Obesity Among Women in the Reproductive Age Group (15–49) in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mequanente Dagnaw,&nbsp;Melkie Mekonnen,&nbsp;Esmeal Ali Muhammad,&nbsp;Solomon Mekonnen Abebe","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70810","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overweight/obesity is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world and has now become a global epidemic. According to a recent research report, the burden of obesity is increasing in developing countries; however, no significant reduction has been seen in developed countries over the past few decades. Furthermore, there is limited information about overweight/obesity. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among reproductive age women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 866 reproductive women participated in the study. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6.0 and exported to STATA version 17 software packages for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity among reproductive age women. Variables with a <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.2 in the bivariate analysis was further fitted into multivariate analysis for controlling the possible effect of confounders, and finally the variables that were a <i>p</i>-value of &lt; 0.05 on the bases of odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered significantly associated with overweight/obesity and identified based on odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI) and <i>p</i>-value (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study's response rate was 96% and the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 21% [95% CI: 18.00, 24.00]. Being parity [AOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.06, 6.81], parity (≥ 2) [AOR = 8.16, 95% CI: 4.63, 14.37], late age at menarche (≥ 14 years) [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.41], and ever used family planning [AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.23] were factors significantly associated overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, overweight/obesity was high. Late age of menarche, parity, and ever using family planning were factors affecting overweight/obesity in reproductive age women. Healthcare workers should raise awareness among reproductive-age women about the impacts of overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lineage and Sublineage Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Tehran, Iran, During 2022–2023: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Zohreh Khezeli,&nbsp;Zabihollah Shoja,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Kaffashian,&nbsp;Rahim Soleimani-Jelodar,&nbsp;Somayeh Jalilvand","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70680","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diverse HPV 16 variants have been known to vary in geographic distribution and oncogenic potential. On this point, the nucleotide changes of the E6 gene were studied to find lineages of HPV 16 in normal, premalignant, and malignant stages of uterine cervical samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 120 HPV 16-infected samples were investigated using PCR and sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our samples, three lineages A, C, and D were found and lineage D was predominant (79.2%) followed by lineages A (20%) and C (0.8%). Concerning the association between histopathological stages and lineages, no statistically important differences were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our finding revealed that two lineages A and D were circulating, with the dominancy of lineage, in Tehran, Iran. This finding emphasizes the geographic diversity of distinct HPV 16 (sub)lineages is different in the world.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Stroke Risk Prediction: A Primary Dataset-Driven Ensemble Classifier With Explainable Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Md. Maruf Hossain,&nbsp;Md. Mahfuz Ahmed,&nbsp;Md. Rakibul Hasan Rakib,&nbsp;Mohammad Osama Zia,&nbsp;Rakib Hasan,&nbsp;Md. Rakibul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Shohidul Islam,&nbsp;Md Shahariar Alam,&nbsp;Md. Khairul Islam","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70799","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, presenting a significant global health challenge. Effective early prediction models are essential for reducing its impact. This study introduces a novel ensemble method for predicting stroke using two datasets: a primary dataset collected from a hospital, containing medical histories and clinical parameters, and a secondary dataset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied several preprocessing techniques, including outlier detection, data normalization, k-means clustering, and missing value detection, to refine the datasets. A novel ensemble classifier was developed, combining AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to enhance predictive accuracy. Additionally, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques such as SHAP and LIME were integrated to elucidate key features influencing stroke prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed ensemble classifier achieved an accuracy of 95% for the secondary dataset and 80.36% for the primary dataset. Comparative analysis with other machine learning models highlighted the superior performance of the ensemble approach. The integration of XAI further provided insights into the critical indicators influencing stroke classification, improving model interpretability and decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study demonstrates that the novel ensemble classifier, supported by effective preprocessing and XAI techniques, is a powerful tool for stroke prediction. The high accuracy rates achieved validate its effectiveness and potential for practical clinical application. Future work will focus on incorporating deep learning techniques and medical imaging to further improve classification accuracy and model performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Safety and Effectiveness of Labor Induction With 25 μg Versus 50 μg of Oral Misoprostol in Women With Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Erfane Ebadi,&nbsp;Maryam Rahimi,&nbsp;Sahar Hosseini,&nbsp;Maryam Mazloomi,&nbsp;Niousha Jamshidnezhad,&nbsp;Fatemeh Jayervand","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The recommended dosing regimens for oral misoprostol in labor induction include 25 μg every 2 h and 50 μg every 4 h. However, there is no specific protocol for these regimens at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the two dosing protocols for labor induction in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and establish a tailored protocol to minimize maternal and neonatal complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital from 2021 to 2023, including pregnant women with term singleton pregnancies and confirmed PROM. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 25 μg of oral misoprostol every 2 h (up to 12 doses) or 50 μg every 4 h (up to 6 doses). The primary outcome was the mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included induction-to-delivery time, uterine tachysystole, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal complications. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and <i>t</i>-tests for comparisons between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 400 women were enrolled, with 200 in each group. The mean induction-to-delivery interval was significantly shorter in the 50 μg group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Uterine tachysystole and postpartum hemorrhage due to atonia were more frequent in the 25 μg group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The rates of cesarean and instrumental deliveries did not differ significantly between groups. The mean ± SD age was 27.1 ± 5.27 years in the 25 μg group and 26.8 ± 5.11 years in the 50 μg group (<i>p</i> = 0.639).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both dosing regimens of oral misoprostol were effective for labor induction, but the 50 μg dose was associated with a shorter induction-to-delivery time. The findings suggest that adjusting the misoprostol dosage may reduce complications.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Clinical Trial Registration Code:</b> IRCT20221123056587N1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Efficacy and Surgical Outcomes of Sural Neurovascular Flap Applications in Distal Lower Limb Wound Reconstruction: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Patients Treated in Jingzhou City From 2012 to 2018","authors":"Mohamed Lamin Bangura,&nbsp;Li An He,&nbsp;Teng Zeng,&nbsp;Tadiwa Chiedza Chirima,&nbsp;Sy-Trung Tran,&nbsp;Wang Kang,&nbsp;Xiang Wan,&nbsp;Yong Li Jin,&nbsp;Minglu Wang,&nbsp;Huasong Luo","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.70753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70753","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sural neurovascular flap has been effectively used to reconstruct complex tibial and soft tissue defects caused by severe trauma, promoting successful wound repair and healing. Proactive management is essential in minimizing postoperative complications and achieving optimal outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy and long-term outcomes of sural neurovascular flap applications in distal lower limb wound reconstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our institution's ethics committee approved this retrospective study numbered YJ202457 involving 47 participants. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Data collected included demographic details, injury mechanisms and sites, mode and size of soft tissue defects, complications, cosmetic outcomes, and functional outcomes of the lower limb and ankle. All flaps were performed by a single surgeon, with follow-up from January 2012 to February 2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study observed minor complications, primarily superficial necrosis. Over 95% (45) of flaps survived, and less than 5% (2) required reoperations due to superficial necrosis. Patient satisfaction was high, with over 50% (24) achieving excellent cosmetic results and over 40% (20) good cosmetic results. The study recorded improved Functional Recovery and Quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sural neurovascular flap applications show significant promise in reconstructing distal lower limb wounds. Our findings highlight the procedure's efficacy, demonstrated by high patient satisfaction, excellent cosmetic outcomes, and favorable functional results. Critical factors for success include meticulous patient selection, thorough debridement, and careful planning to mitigate risks and optimize outcomes. The patients with diabetes and hypertension were not included to minimize factors that could interfere with the study's results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.70753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}