Health Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Association Between Exercise and the Well-Being of Dementia Patients' Caregivers: An Observational Study","authors":"Linda Sewerbridges-Williams,&nbsp;Hildemar Dos Santos,&nbsp;Jisoo Oh,&nbsp;Gina Soliman","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The demands of caregiving can significantly impact the physical and emotional well-being of unpaid caregivers of individuals with dementia. They often experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Physical activity (PA) is a promising intervention for enhancing the well-being of dementia caregivers. However, little is known about the association between PA levels and the well-being of this population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PA and the well-being of unpaid caregivers of dementia patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included unpaid caregivers of dementia patients in Riverside, San Bernardino, Inyo, and Mono Counties, California. A 31-item questionnaire was utilized, comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Caregiver Self-Assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ). The survey was administered from July 2023 to October 2023. Binary Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between PA (walking, sedentary behavior, vigorous PA) and caregiver well-being, controlling for demographic and health factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey included 152 respondents, mostly female (82.8%) and married (72.8%), with an average age of 56 years (SD = 8.4 years). The majority (65.6%) were aged 60 or older and had been caregivers for an average of 3.5 years. A higher level of vigorous PA was associated with better well-being (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas sedentariness and walking frequency were not. Because gender and education did not influence the association between PA and well-being, they were also associated, but not significantly (or with a lower <i>p</i>-value).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vigorous PA was positively associated to better well-being in dementia caregivers, unlike sedentary behavior or walking frequency. Tailored interventions emphasizing vigorous exercise may improve caregiver well-being and ease caregiving burdens. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the reasons behind these connections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Effect of Social Activity on All-Cause Dementia Among South Korean Elders: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Mahnoor Umrani,&nbsp;Aiman Faiz,&nbsp;Muhammad Zain Ul Haq","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71302","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with great interest the article published by Jeong et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. This looks into how social interaction and dementia incidence relate to elderly Korean seniors. Although the author's topic is pertinent, we would like to politely bring up a few methodological and interpretive issues that need more debate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, the authors stress the structural and cognitive components of social contact (such as group activities); they don't examine the established psychological processes that could be responsible for the observed correlation. According to the stress-buffering theory, psychological anguish is lessened by stress when people think that they have social support [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. This indirect protective effect through emotional well-being is worth discussing, as longitudinal studies have shown that social isolation and poor social relationships significantly increase the risk of dementia [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. A more thorough explanation of how social involvement may affect cognitive outcomes over time would be possible by including such psychosocial elements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, the changing character of older individuals' social participation may not be adequately captured by the author's concept of “social activity.” Their study excludes digital forms of social connection like email, video calling, and online group involvement, but it includes conventional, in-person types of activity like volunteer groups and religious gatherings. Given mounting evidence that internet use may help older persons' cognitive and emotional well-being, especially for those who face social, geographic, or physical obstacles to face-to-face interaction, this is a noteworthy omission. Randomized trials have shown that daily internet-based conversational engagement significantly improves executive functioning and memory in older adults, suggesting a neuroprotective effect [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Since both chronic loneliness and depression are established risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia, these digital interactions may offer neuroprotective effects by enhancing mental health and promoting cognitive stimulation. By leaving out these kinds of participation, the study may understate the extent of protective social activity and, as a result, how social connections could lower the prevalence of dementia. Lastly, however, the fact that the authors have taken demographics, physical activity, and socioeconomic background into consideration is amazing, but I would like to draw attention to a significant methodological flaw that could significantly affect how the results are interpreted. Personality traits and baseline cognitive reserves were not taken into consideration. The two most significant determinants of cognitive health among the five-factor model traits are neuroticism and conscientiousness. Higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness have been linked to a higher probability of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in general. ","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal Ideation and Its Associations With Spiritual Well-Being and Aggressive Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Medical Science Students","authors":"Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini,&nbsp;Mobin Setousar,&nbsp;Reyhane Razazan,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad,&nbsp;Hossein Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71299","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hsr2.71299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to examine the associations between suicidal ideation, spiritual well-being, and aggressive behaviors in medical science students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 240 medical science students in Shahroud, Iran in 2024 using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics form, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS), and Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Data were collected as self-report and then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate linear regression analysis).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean ± standard deviation of total scores for aggressive behaviors and suicidal ideation were 88.15 ± 17.00 and 32.00 ± 6.46, respectively. Participants reported moderate levels of spiritual well-being. Suicidal ideation was significantly and inversely associated with levels of spiritual well-being (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>β</i> = −0.121) and aggressive behaviors (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>β</i> = −0.186). Monthly income was also significantly associated with suicidal ideation scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suicidal ideation and aggressive behaviors were observed at notable levels among the participants. Suicidal ideation was inversely associated with aggressive behaviors and spiritual well-being. These findings highlight the importance of interventions aimed at supporting spiritual well-being and addressing aggressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts among medical science students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects of Plasma Proteins in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Tong Yu,&nbsp;Pengfei Zeng,&nbsp;Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis and limited targeted therapeutic options. This study presents a proteomics-informed approach to identify potential plasma protein targets for PCOS intervention using causal inference methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a comprehensive proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis by integrating 1 Mb plasma cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci datasets with PCOS genome-wide association study summary statistics. To enhance robustness, we applied complementary approaches including summary-data-based MR, the Heterogeneity in Dependent Instruments test, and colocalization analysis. Identified targets were further assessed for druggability using curated drug databases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MR analysis revealed 33 plasma proteins significantly associated with PCOS risk. Among these, FGF23 and SH2B3 showed the strongest evidence of a causal role, supported by SMR, HEIDI, and colocalization analyses. FGF23 was positively associated with PCOS risk and implicated in inflammatory and metabolic pathways, while SH2B3 was inversely associated and linked to anti-inflammatory signalling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study establishes a causal link between specific plasma proteins and PCOS and identifies FGF23 and SH2B3 as promising candidates for targeted drug development. These findings demonstrate the value of proteomics-integrated genetic analyses in uncovering novel therapeutic avenues for complex diseases like PCOS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Urinary Leakage in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Huiwen Hu,&nbsp;Bin Yu,&nbsp;Mei Xiang,&nbsp;Ziyi Guo,&nbsp;Huihui Wang,&nbsp;Li Wang","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71243","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and urinary leakage (UL) are common health issues affecting women. While certain adverse effects of GDM are known risk factors for UL, the direct association between GDM and UL remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 13,417 women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2020) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between GDM and UL. Stratified and subgroup analyses, adjusted for confounding factors, and mediation analysis were conducted to investigate potential mediators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GDM is associated with an increased risk of UL. According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the unadjusted analysis showed that women with a history of GDM faced a 20.0% higher risk of UL (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), and white blood cell (WBC) counts, the association remained robust, with an OR of 1.32 (95% CI 1.16–1.53, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). This association was especially pronounced among women who smoked, were aged below 30 or above 35 years, had a poverty ratio less than 5, and exhibited WBC counts below 1000 cells/μL. Additionally, age, BMI, WBC, and systemic inflammation index (SII) were all positively linked to the severity of UL, with older age, higher BMI, greater WBC counts, and elevated SII levels corresponding to more severe UL in women. Mediation analysis revealed that both BMI and WBC count partially mediated the relationship between GDM and UL. Furthermore, after covariate adjustment, a nonlinear positive relationship was observed, with the inflection point for BMI occurring at 34.88.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on our results, we conclude that women diagnosed with GDM elevate the risk of UL, and BMI, WBC count appear to serve as mediators in this association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Recurrent Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Zubair Akhtar,&nbsp;Fahmida Chowdhury,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Aleem,&nbsp;Mahmudur Rahman,&nbsp;Mustafizur Rahman,&nbsp;Mohammed Ziaur Rahman,&nbsp;Mohammad Enayet Hossain,&nbsp;A. K. M. Monwarul Islam,&nbsp;Mir Jamal Uddin,&nbsp;Aye Moa,&nbsp;Alamgir Kabir,&nbsp;Timothy C. Tan,&nbsp;C. Raina MacIntyre,&nbsp;Ole Fröbert","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71254","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated undiagnosed COVID-19 and its effect on recurrent adverse cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled patients with either ST-segment elevation (STEMI) or non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) presenting at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, from June 28 to August 11, 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing by rRT-PCR at enrolment. We followed all patients from admission until February 7, 2021, before the COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh, to register clinical endpoints (all-cause death, new AMI, heart failure, or new revascularization). Demographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical data were registered. Incidence rate (IR) per 100 person-years follow-up was calculated for clinical endpoints. Poisson regression was employed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for SARS-COV-2 infection, adjusting for age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 280 patients with a mean age of 54.5 ( ± SD,11.8) years, and 78.6% were males. Of them, 12.9% had undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and were diagnosed with STEMI (<i>n</i> = 140, 50.0%) and NSTEMI (<i>n</i> = 140, 50.0%). We found that the IR per 100 person-years of all cause death was 35.2, 95% CI: 25.6 to 48.5; recurrent AMI was 18.5, 95% CI: 12.1 to 28.2; heart failure was 6.7, 95% CI: 3.3 to 13.5; and revascularization was 23.5, 95% CI: 16.1 to 34.3. Patients with COVID-19 had numerically higher IRRs for heart failure (2.40, 95% CI: 0.47 to 12.09, <i>p</i> = 0.290) and revascularization (1.11, 95% CI: 0.37 to 3.3, <i>p</i> = 0.853) compared to those without COVID-19, though these differences were not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides updated data on undiagnosed cases among AMI patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings emphasize the need for further research to explore the impact of COVID-19 on AMI patients in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Loss of Ambulation in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Takahiro Miyashita,&nbsp;Eiki Tsushima,&nbsp;Hirofumi Ogihara","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loss of ambulation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) reduces their social participation and quality of life. Moreover, loss of ambulation is one of the biggest obstacles for patients and their caretakers. However, prognostic factors for loss of ambulation in patients with ALS have not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the time to loss of ambulation in Japanese patients with ALS and to identify factors associated with loss of ambulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 62 patients with ALS were enrolled. Survey items included patient background, pre-existing medical conditions, and laboratory data. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with the time to loss of ambulation as the dependent variable and age at onset, sex, onset type, duration to diagnosis, ALS severity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and %forced vital capacity (%FVC) as independent variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median time to loss of ambulation for all ALS patients was 16.5 (10.0–31.3) months. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between duration to diagnosis (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and DM (HR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.62–6.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time to diagnosis and history of diabetes are important factors associated with the time to loss of ambulation in patients with ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospectively registered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficiency of Plant Extracts in the Prevention of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mahsa Rezvan,&nbsp;Seyed Erfan Hossini,&nbsp;Kimia Sarmast,&nbsp;Faham Khamesipour","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastric cancer is a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review evaluates the potential of plant extracts in the prevention of gastric cancer by analyzing their bioactive mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 62 studies—including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials—were analyzed, focusing on their antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extracts such as <i>Marsdenia tenacissima</i>, <i>Curcuma longa</i>, and <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> showed significant promise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite these findings, issues surrounding bioavailability, dosing standardization, and long-term safety require further investigation before clinical translation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Real-World and Clinical Trial Data Through Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage: Opportunities and Challenges—A Narrative Review","authors":"Michael Batech,&nbsp;Ann Madsen,&nbsp;Nicolle Gatto,&nbsp;Tancy C. Zhang,&nbsp;Deborah Ricci,&nbsp;Raymond Harvey,&nbsp;Najat Khan,&nbsp;Sid Jain","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite their widespread use, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) face challenges like differential loss to follow-up, which can impact validity. Real-world evidence (RWE) from real-world data (RWD) is increasingly used to address these limitations, but RCTs and RWE have provided complementary, disconnected observations of the patient journey. Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) enables the integration of patient records across these data sources. This narrative review explores the potential use cases of PPRL to overcome the limitations of both RCTs and RWD for clinical research and regulatory decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This manuscript is a narrative review and did not involve the collection or analysis of primary research data. The authors aimed for comprehensive topic coverage and a synthesis of key concepts from the current literature, rather than adhering to a formal systematic review protocol (e.g., PRISMA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PPRL can generate a more comprehensive understanding of patient interaction with the healthcare system. For example, long-term information about participants before and after a trial can assist in identifying predictors of drug response or intolerance, reducing patient burden, and providing alternatives to traditional study designs. Linked data applications include expanding patient health histories and creating comprehensive patient data repositories that enable innovative trial designs. However, opportunities remain to demonstrate the provenance, quality, and completeness of RWD sources to ensure scientific rigor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining RCTs and RWD through PPRL offers significant and insufficiently explored potential for advancing drug development research, reducing operational costs, and enhancing data availability. Further consideration of PPRL use cases may drive innovative trial designs augmented with RWD, improving the ability of this collected data to support informed decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Roles of Metallothioneins in Human Pathophysiology: A Review","authors":"Ousman Mohammed,&nbsp;Abdisa Tufa,&nbsp;Solomon Tebeje Gizaw","doi":"10.1002/hsr2.71279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metallothioneins (MTs) are small molecular-weight proteins that either bind or release essential transition metals, depending on a specific cell situation. There are 4 major isoforms of MTs (1–4), of which MT1/2 is found in every cell in the body.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide a comprehensive discussion on the role of metallothionein in human pathophysiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review was conducted using a variety of search engines, including Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, and others.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The antioxidant property of MT is enhanced based on the availability of zinc. MTs reduce Pro-inflammatory cytokine production and shift the Th17/Treg balance, ultimately alleviating inflammatory diseases. In neurodegenerative diseases, MTs interact with protein aggregates and modulate their formation and toxicity. The MT's molecular processes in neurodegenerative illnesses include metal ion control, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory actions. In cancer, MT acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages and promotes tumor progression in the later stages. Only a few MT isoform-targeting approaches have been approved for use as therapeutic drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metallothioneins play vital roles in controlling oxidative stress, immunity, metal homeostasis and protein aggregate for many diseases. Their dual roles as defenders in inflammation and neurodegeneration, and as suppressors and facilitators in cancer, highlight the complex nature of their biological role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36518,"journal":{"name":"Health Science Reports","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hsr2.71279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}